RU225239U1 - Device for grinding stalk and grain materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery. A device for grinding stalk and grain materials contains a cylindrical loading hopper and a housing with a grinding unit installed under it, which are mounted on a stand, below which an electric motor is mounted on the frame, the shaft of which is located vertically and connected to the knives of the grinding unit, the housing contains a horizontal outlet pipe, and Inside the loading hopper there is a removable lid with a handle, and an additional loading hole is made on the lid. A groove can be made between the loading cylindrical hopper and the housing, into which a shutter is pushed, which covers the additional loading hole and is fixed by limiters installed on the removable cover. The grinding unit may contain at least two types of knives: a cross-shaped knife, and under it - knives in the form of plates with notches on the working surface. The horizontal outlet pipe can be tapered and have a rectangular cross-section. Reflective elements in the form of plates can be attached to the inner surface of the grinding unit. A fractional sieve can be located between the outlet of the grinding unit and the inlet of the horizontal pipe. The technical result is the expansion of the functionality of the device, simplification and acceleration of the process of readjustment of the device for grinding stalk and grain components.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to devices for agriculture and can be used in livestock farming for grinding stem materials (hay, straw), as well as various types of grain materials.

State of the art

A feed chopper-dispenser is known (RF patent for invention No. 2201067, IPC class A01F 29/00, A01K 5/00, A01K 5/02, publ. 03/27/2003), which contains a hopper mounted on a frame and a horizontal rotor. The hollow cylinder is installed in front of the rotor and is mounted for rotation. The rotor axis is offset relative to the axis of rotation of the hollow cylinder. The rotor is formed by a main disk and a cover ring. Grinding elements in the form of hammer working bodies are installed on the rotor axes. Spacer bushings in the form of guide vanes are installed between the hammer working bodies on the axes. The rotor housing is connected to the channel. Counter-cuts are fixed on the inner surface of the body. Louvre dampers are installed on the upper wall of the channel. An air duct is placed above the channel, connected by means of dampers to the hopper through a perforated wall. The wall is made with the possibility of free rotation around the central support and forced movement along the hopper axis. As a result of rotational and axial movement, the material to be crushed is constantly and evenly supplied to the hammer working bodies, crushed in interaction with them, the body and anti-cutting elements, fed into feeders or scattered onto the bedding.

A device for chopping straw is known (RF patent for utility model No. 146233, class IPC A01F 29/00, publ. 10.10.2014), consisting of a chopper of hay and straw rolls, which additionally contains a hammer crusher, consisting of a housing inside which there are a crushing drum with hammers, a circular sieve, decks, a rotor, a fan, an ejection track, while the chopper is connected to the crusher by means of an adapter, which is a metal sleeve mounted on adjustable supports with an inspection window, a stone catcher hopper and an adjustable air intake strip with perforation. Grinding in the crusher occurs in two stages, first the product is crushed on the decks, and then additionally crushed and calibrated on a sieve.

A straw mass chopper is known (RF patent for utility model No. 108909, class IPC A01F 29/00, publ. 10.10.2011), which contains a belt conveyor for supplying fluffy straw mass to pre-press rollers for its compaction, a cutting drum, a fan for creating an air flow that ensures fractionation of the straw mass, and an unloading conveyor for removing the crushed straw mass.

A known grinder for vegetable roughage (RF patent for utility model No. 200351, class IPC A01F 29/00, published 10/20/2020), containing a hopper with a cylindrical wall mounted on a frame with the ability to rotate around the longitudinal axis of the hopper inclined relative to the horizontal using rollers resting on a rim located in the transverse direction on the outer surface of the hopper, with a fixed bottom forming the base of the hopper, and with means for loading and unloading, while inside the hopper in the recess of the bottom there is a rotor in the form of a disk with a flange, configured to rotate in in the direction opposite to the cylindrical walls of the hopper, the axis of rotation of which is shifted relative to the axis of rotation of the hopper, and a grinding apparatus is installed on the rotor, made in the form of grinding knives and blades mounted on the rotor flange, mounted on a disk, characterized in that the hopper is mounted on two rollers supported on a square rim, and the grinding apparatus additionally contains blades, fixed in groups between the flange and the rotor disk using screws and made with a V-shaped double-sided sharpening, having four sharp edges, and the grinding knives are equipped with protective screens that protrude above the bottom of the hopper and form together with the rotor flange, there is a gap for catching the binding of bales or rolls, while the rotor is made with limiters that are located above the rotor and secured to the bottom to the left and right of the rotor.

The disadvantage of the known devices is their design complexity, insufficient availability of key components for maintenance and repair, the high energy intensity of the process, as well as the inability to use grain materials for grinding, which limits the functionality of the known devices.

Disclosure of utility model

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed utility model is to expand the functionality of the device, which consists in implementing a simple and quick changeover of the device for grinding stalk and grain components. This problem is solved by installing a removable lid with a handle, which contains an additional loading hole, which has a significantly smaller diameter than the diameter of the loading hopper. Also, the problem of effectively grinding grain types of materials can be solved by installing grinding elements in the form of plates with notches. The removable cover at the bottom of the loading hopper also simplifies the process of servicing the device, allowing easier access to the grinding unit for cleaning the knives of the grinding unit and the channel for the movement of raw materials and the finished product. This design feature provides access to the knives for replacing and/or sharpening them.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for grinding stalk and grain materials contains a cylindrical loading hopper and a housing with a grinding unit installed under it, which are mounted on a stand, below which an electric motor is mounted on the frame, the shaft of which is located vertically and connected to the knives of the grinding unit, the housing contains a horizontal outlet pipe, and inside the loading hopper there is a removable lid with a handle, and an additional loading hole is made on the lid.

A groove can be made between the loading cylindrical hopper and the housing, into which a shutter is pushed, which covers the additional loading hole and is fixed by limiters installed on the removable cover.

The chopping unit may contain at least two types of knives: a cross-shaped knife, and underneath it knives in the form of plates with notches on the working surface.

The horizontal outlet pipe can be tapered and have a rectangular cross-section.

Reflective elements in the form of plates can be attached to the inner surface of the grinding unit.

A fractional sieve can be located between the outlet of the grinding unit and the inlet of the horizontal pipe.

Brief description of drawings

In fig. Figure 1 shows a general design diagram of the device.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the housing with a grinding unit, cross-sectional view A-A.

In fig. Figure 3 shows a diagram of the removable cover, top and side views.

In fig. Figure 4 shows a diagram of the grinding unit, a sectional view, rotated by 90°.

In fig. 5 shows a photo of prototypes of the device.

The following notations are used in the figures:

1 - loading cylindrical hopper, 2 - removable cover, 3 - grinding unit, 4 - housing, 5 - electric motor, 6 - damper, 7 - horizontal outlet pipe, 8 - frame for mounting the electric motor, 9 - cross-shaped knife, 10 - reflective elements , 11 - fractional sieve, 12 - additional loading hole, 13 - handle of removable cover 2, 14 - limiters, 15 - knives in the form of plates with notches.

Implementation of a utility model

The device for grinding stalk and grain materials contains a loading cylindrical hopper 1 and a housing 4 installed underneath it with a grinding unit 3, which are mounted on a stand, below which an electric motor 5 is fixed to the frame 8, the shaft of which is located vertically and is connected to knives 9, 15 of the grinding unit . Housing 4 contains a horizontal outlet pipe 7, and inside the loading hopper 1 there is a removable cover 2 with a handle 13 and an additional loading hole 12 is made on the cover 2.

A removable lid 2 with an additional loading hole 12 makes it possible to grind grain components and also simplifies the process of servicing the device.

Vertical loading of raw materials into loading hopper 1 does not require special loading devices, and the relatively small dimensions of the device allow loading components for grinding manually.

The grinding unit 3 is located directly on the electric motor shaft, that is, there is no complex mechanism of pulleys and gears, which simplifies the device and increases its efficiency.

Between the loading cylindrical hopper 1 and the housing 4 there is a groove into which the shutter 6 can be slid, which covers the additional loading hole 12 and is fixed by limiters 14 installed on the removable cover 2. This solution allows you to completely block access to the knives and ensure safety when the device is not works.

The grinding unit 3 may contain at least two types of knives: a cross-shaped knife 9, and under it knives 15 in the form of plates with notches on the working surface. The presence of two types of knives allows you to effectively chop both stem-like materials (hay, straw) and grains.

The horizontal outlet pipe 7 can be made tapering and have a rectangular cross-section. This design of the pipe 7 allows you to install a container (box, bag, etc.) to receive crushed material, or the crushed material, which is more applicable for straw or hay, can go directly to the floor of the room in which the device operates. And since the device is compact and mobile, when processing straw or hay into bedding, it can simply be moved to the place of the agricultural enterprise where such bedding is needed.

Reflective elements 10 in the form of plates can be attached to the inner surface of the grinding unit 3. The presence of such elements makes it possible to increase the efficiency of grinding and increase the direction of movement of the crushed raw materials to the outlet pipe 7.

A fractional sieve 11 can be located between the output of the grinding unit 3 and the inlet of the horizontal pipe 7. Changing the cell size of the sieve 11 allows you to change the degree of grinding of stem or grain materials.

A device for grinding stem and grain materials operates as follows.

When crushing stem materials, the removable cover 2 is removed from the loading hopper 1. Then the electric motor 5 is turned on, the torque is transmitted through the shaft to the grinding unit 4, which begins to rotate, after which hay (straw) is fed into the hopper. When hay (straw) enters the crushing unit 3 of housing 4, then from the impact of the chopping knives, initially from cross-shaped knives 9, and then from knives 15, and from impacts on the walls inside housing 4, the hay (straw) is crushed. After which, the chopped hay (straw) flows out through the horizontal outlet pipe 7 and can be loaded into additional containers: a box, a bag, etc.

When grinding grain materials, a removable cover 2 is installed in the loading hopper 1. Then the electric motor 5 is turned on, through the shaft the torque is transmitted to the grinding unit 4, which begins to rotate, after which grain is fed into the hopper. From the hopper 1, through an additional loading hole 12 in the lid 2, the grain enters the crushing unit 3 of the housing 4, in which the grain is crushed. Then the crushed grain goes outside through the horizontal outlet pipe 7 and can be loaded into additional containers: a box, a bag, etc.

The device has the following advantages:

the ability to operate the device with different types of materials: stems and grains;

simplicity and minimal time spent on reconfiguring the device to work with a different type of material;

compactness and mobility, which allows it to be installed directly at the place where the finished product is used;

small dimensions, which allows materials to be loaded into the bunker manually without the use of additional loading devices;

horizontal outlet of the finished product makes it possible to install additional receiving containers (box, bag), which reduces losses of finished products;

a removable cover provides access to the grinding unit, which simplifies and speeds up the process of servicing the device;

the presence of at least two types of chopping knives ensures high efficiency when working with different types of materials;

The grinding unit is located directly on the electric motor shaft, which simplifies the device and increases its operating efficiency.

Example implementation.

Several prototypes of a device for grinding stem and grain materials of the declared design were manufactured (see photo in Fig. 7). Tests were carried out on grinding both stalk-like materials, without the use of a removable cover 2, and grain materials using a removable cover 2. As a result, it was found that this design of the device makes it possible to simplify and speed up the changeover of the device for grinding grain or stalk-like components, and simplify the maintenance process device, cleaning the knives of the grinding unit and the channel for the movement of raw materials and the finished product. Thus, the claimed technical solution allows to significantly expand the functionality of the device.

A comparative analysis of the claimed design of a grinding device shows that the set of essential features is unknown from the prior art and, therefore, meets the “Novelty” patentability condition.

The information provided confirms the possibility of using the claimed device in agriculture for grinding stem and grain materials, and can find application in farms and individual households, and therefore meets the patentability condition “Industrial applicability”.

Claims (6)

1. A device for grinding stalk and grain materials, containing a cylindrical loading hopper and a housing with a grinding unit installed under it, which are mounted on a stand, at the bottom of which an electric motor is mounted on the frame, the housing contains an outlet pipe, and inside the loading hopper there is a removable lid with a handle, and an additional loading hole is made on the lid, while the grinding unit contains two types of knives: a cross-shaped knife, and under it - knives in the form of plates with notches on the working surface. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that between the loading cylindrical hopper and the housing there is a groove into which a flap is slid, which covers the additional loading hole and is fixed by limiters installed on the removable cover. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motor shaft is located vertically and is connected to the knives of the grinding unit. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet pipe is horizontal, tapering and has a rectangular cross-section. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that reflective elements in the form of plates are fixed on the inner surface of the grinding unit. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that a fractional sieve is located between the outlet of the grinding unit and the inlet of the horizontal pipe.