RU45226U1 - SMALL FEED GRINDER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to feed choppers and can be used for grinding vegetable feed with a wide range of humidity in the conditions of peasant and farm enterprises. The technical result that can be achieved using the utility model is reduced to versatility and high quality grinding of plant materials with a wide range of humidity, low energy consumption and the ability to quickly reconfigure the device. A small-sized shredder contains a loading hopper 1, knife disks upper 2 and lower 3 located on the drive shaft 4 of the electric motor 5. On the knife disks 2, 3 there are inclined knives 6 with windows 7 under them for cutting (shavings). The knives 6 are placed on the periphery of the disks 2, 3 in pairs in the same direction and with lateral displacement from the axis of rotation by a distance S _x = 1 / 3r. In this case, between the direction of the speed of any point of the knife blade and the normal to it, an angle τ and a tangential velocity V _t directed along the blade arise. There is the effect of "sliding cutting", providing a clean cut of the material and a reduction in energy consumption by 1.4-2.5 times compared with cutting in the "cutting" mode (see Koba V.G. et al. Mechanization and production technology of livestock products - M .: Kolos, 1999, p. 252-263). The lower disk 3 is equipped with throwing blades 8. In the interdisk space there is an impeller 9 connected to the drive shaft 4 through a tapered bearing 10. The impeller 9 is fixed by the upper axial stopper 11 to the drive shaft 4, or by the upper outer stopper 12 to the wall of the hopper 1. Placement on drive shaft 4 and fixing the operating positions of the lower blade disk 3 is made similar to the placement and fixing of the working positions of the impeller 9, the stoppers: the lower axial 13 and the lower outer 14. The electric motor 5 and the drive shaft 4, as well as the connection with them

the impellers 9 and the lower blade disk 3 through the tapered bearings 10 and 15 provide three options: a) - the drive is carried out on both blade discs 2,3 and the impeller 9, b) - the drive is transmitted to the upper blade disk 2 and the impeller 9, c) - the drive is transmitted to the upper and lower blade discs 2, 3. In the feed hopper 1 there is a cone reflector 16 and a wall limiter 17. The hopper 1 is closed by a removable cover 18 with a loading window 19. The discharge neck 20 of the hopper is equipped with an adjustment flap 21. Named nodes and elements posted s on the frame 22, which is a welded frame, and in its central part is mounted an electric motor 5. Il.3, 1 p. of the formula

Description

The technical field to which the utility model belongs.

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to feed choppers and can be used for grinding vegetable feed with a wide range of humidity in the conditions of peasant and small farms.

State of the art

There are various designs of feed choppers equipped with cutting and impact working bodies, which are articulated hammers, milling cutters, pins. These working bodies are quite reliable, durable and versatile, (see Kulakovsky IV and others. Machines and equipment for the preparation of feed. Handbook. Part 1. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, p. 57).

Their disadvantage is the relatively high metal and energy consumption, as well as excessive juice from the ground mass in comparison with the working bodies acting on the material with a cutting blade (cutting) or a wedge (planing). Known disk root cutters of the KPI-4 type, equipped with knife working bodies and intended for grinding feed beets, carrots, potatoes, etc. (see Makarov A.P. Mechanization of preparation and distribution of feed on farms. - M .: Kolos, 1966, p. .147-152).

Their disadvantage is low productivity when grinding thick-stemmed crops, as well as unsuitability for grinding corn cobs of milk-wax ripeness.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect, and accepted by the authors for the prototype is the design of small-sized circular knife choppers like universal

devices manufactured by AOOT Murom Machine-Building Plant (see Agricultural machinery and equipment for farms. Catalog. T.1. - M .: Informationgrotech, 1994, p.212.), as well as a number of their modifications, for example, feed cutter KR-01 production of 000 Uralspetsmash (Miass, Chelyabinsk Region), their disadvantage is the inability to control the degree of grinding, high energy consumption at relatively low productivity due to the operation of the knives in the “cutting” mode, when the peripheral speed of any point of the knife blade coincides with the normal (perpend icular) to this point. The peripheral speed of the points of the knife blade in this case varies tens of times - near the axis of rotation, it is minimum V _min and increases to the periphery to V _max. .

- reduction of energy costs due to the implementation of the design, ensuring the grinding of materials in the sliding cutting mode;

- ensuring high performance by maintaining the working length of the blade;

- improving the quality of work due to the immediate removal from the cutting zone of crushed particles of material;

- varying the degree of grinding cutting from coarse (single) to thin (double) by a simple reconfiguration of the apparatus;

- ensuring ease of maintenance and work safety by choosing the best design solutions.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical result that can be achieved using the utility model is reduced to versatility and high quality grinding of plant materials with a wide range of humidity, low energy consumption and the ability to quickly reconfigure the device.

The technical result is achieved using a small-sized feed chopper consisting of a feed hopper with an unloading neck and a horizontal disk connected to the drive shaft of the electric motor

and equipped with inclined radial knives under which longitudinal, through windows for the passage of the crushed material are made in the body of the disks. The small-sized shredder is equipped with an additional disk, while horizontal disks are placed one under the other, inclined knives with windows under them are placed on the periphery of the disk in pairs in the same direction and with lateral displacement from the axis of rotation by a distance S _x , and the lower knife disk is connected to the drive shaft of the electric motor through a tapered bearing and equipped with a lower axial and lower outer stoppers, with the possibility of fixing the disk either with the drive shaft or with the wall of the loading hopper, and located in the interdisk space the impeller, also connected to the drive shaft through a tapered bearing and equipped with stoppers, which allow alternately fixing the impeller with the drive shaft of the electric motor or with the wall of the loading hopper, and the discharge neck is equipped with an adjustment flap, the electric motor being fixed in the middle part of the frame.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In figure 1. shows a diagram of a compact chopper, general view.

In figure 2. a well-known design with a radial arrangement of knives operating in the cutting mode is presented

In figure 3. placed a knife with an offset S _x from the center of rotation.

Utility Model Implementation

A small-sized grinder contains a loading hopper 1, knife blades upper 2 and lower 3 located on the drive shaft 4 of the electric motor 5 with a power of 2.2 kW. On the blade discs 2,3 there are inclined knives 6 with windows 7 under them for the passage of cutting (shavings). Knives 6 are placed on the periphery of discs 2, 3 in pairs in the same direction and with

lateral displacement from the axis of rotation by a distance S _x = 1 / 3r. In this case, between the direction of the speed of any point of the knife blade and the normal to it, an angle τ and a tangential velocity V _t directed along the blade arise. There is the effect of "sliding cutting", providing a clean cut of the material and a reduction in energy consumption by 1.4-2.5 times compared with cutting in the "cutting" mode (see Koba V.G. et al. Mechanization and production technology of livestock products - M .: Kolos, 1999, p. 252-263). The lower disk 3 is equipped with throwing blades 8. In the interdisk space there is an impeller 9 connected to the drive shaft 4 through a tapered bearing 10. The impeller 9 is fixed by the upper axial stopper 11 to the drive shaft 4, or by the upper outer stopper 12 to the wall of the hopper 1. Placement on drive shaft 4 and fixing the operating positions of the lower blade disk 3 is made similar to the placement and fixing of the working positions of the impeller 9, the stoppers: the lower axial 13 and the lower outer 14. The electric motor 5 and the drive shaft 4, as well as the connection with them cr The stamens 9 and the lower blade disk 3 through the tapered bearings 10 and 15 provide three options: a) - the drive is carried out on both blade discs 2, 3 and the impeller 9, b) - the drive is transmitted to the upper blade disk 2 and the impeller 9, c) - the drive is transmitted to the upper and lower blade discs 2, 3. In the feed hopper 1 there is a cone reflector 16 and a wall limiter 17. The hopper 1 is closed by a removable cover 18c with a loading window 19. The discharge neck 20 of the hopper is equipped with an adjustment flap 21.

The named nodes and elements are placed on the frame 22, which is a welded frame, and in its central part is mounted an electric motor 5.

The work of a small-sized feed chopper is as follows.

Unmilled (solid) material is fed into the hopper 1 through the loading window 19 of the removable cover 18 on the working surface of the knife

disk 2, with the help of the cone of the reflector 16 and the wall of the limiter 17, on the working surface of the upper blade disk 2 rotating on the drive shaft 4 of the electric motor 5 located in the Central part of the frame 22. Inclined knives 6, rigidly connected with the disk 2, cut the chips, which through the window 7 of the disk 2 falls into the space under it, from where the shredded cutting is fed by the impeller 9 out through the discharge neck 20. Coarse grinding of the material occurs.

To perform fine grinding, the upper axial stopper 11 of the impeller 9 connected to the drive shaft 4 is released through the tapered bearing 10, and the upper outer stopper 12 fixes the impeller 9 to the wall of the hopper 1, transferring it from the operation mode of the thrower to the operation mode of the limiter. The lower blade disk 3 connected to the drive shaft 4 through the tapered bearing 15, on the contrary, is fixed with the lower axial stopper 13 to the drive shaft 4, having previously released the lower external stopper 14. The shutter 21 is lowered, blocking the cross section of the discharge neck 20 bordering the interdisk space.

The material passing through the windows 7 of the upper blade disk 2, falls on the lower blade disk 3, where it is repeated (thin) grinding. Having passed through the windows 7 of the lower knife disk 3, the cutting falls into the sub-disk space, from where the blades 8 are thrown out.

Migration from fine grinding to coarse is performed in the reverse order.

When grinding materials of high humidity with a higher specific gravity (for example, fodder beets), cutting work is allowed in the mode when both knife discs (2 and 3) and the impeller 9 are rigidly fixed on the drive shaft 4.

The utility model in comparison with the prototype and other well-known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- versatility and suitability for grinding materials with a wide range of humidity;

- high-quality grinding and high productivity when working in different modes;

- quick reconfiguration of the apparatus with varying the degree of grinding from coarse (single) to thin (double);

- low energy consumption;

- simplicity in service and safety of work.

Claims (1)

Feed shredder, consisting of a feed hopper with an unloading neck and a horizontal disk connected to the drive shaft of the electric motor, and equipped with inclined radial knives, under which longitudinal, through windows are made in the body of the disks for the passage of shredded material, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional disk, horizontal disks are placed one under the other, inclined knives with windows under them are placed on the disk periphery in pairs in the same direction and with lateral displacement from the axis of rotation by distance S _x, and the lower blade disk is connected to the drive shaft of the motor through the bearing cone and provided with a lower axial and lower outer stoppers, with the possibility of fixing the drive or the drive shaft, or with the wall of the hopper, and in interdisk space is an impeller, also associated with drive shaft through a tapered bearing and equipped with upper stoppers, providing the possibility of alternately fixing the impeller with the drive shaft, or with the wall of the loading hopper, and the discharge neck and provided with a regulating valve, wherein the electric motor is mounted in the middle of the frame.