RU118881U1 - SMALL UNIVERSAL GRINDER OF VEGETABLE MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

Small-sized universal shredder of plant materials, characterized in that for crushing woody plant material there are two toothed rolls of different diameters and a pressure plate with a screw for adjusting the gap between the roll and the bunker wall; the closed-type knife section is equipped with a damper for a more thorough chopping of non-woody plant material with different stem structures; in addition, rollers are provided on the frame to move the universal grinder in the horizontal plane.

Description

The utility model relates to the device of shredders used in the field of agriculture. The device is intended for grinding and mixing of gardening and field crop wastes put into compost.

Known universal stationary chopper-mixer feed consisting of a conveyor for loading stalk feed, pressure conveyor, hoppers for loading concentrated feed and root crops, choppers, auger-mixer, electric motors, gear motor. All units of a universal feed chopper-mixer are mounted on a single frame [Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 23237338, publ. 06/27/2008, bull. No. 18].

The disadvantage of this universal shredder-mixer is its inadequacy for grinding woody plant materials, as well as the cumbersomeness, complexity and non-mobility of the design, which makes it difficult to use it in peasant farms and household plots.

Known small-sized stationary farm chopper-mixer of agricultural products, including a vertical shaft with knives fixed on it and a thrower with blades, a loading tray in the form of sidewalls and a base, as well as an outlet pipe mass [A. 1831255 A3 USSR, MKI A01F 29/02, B02C 18/22. Publ. 07/30/1993, Bull. No. 28].

The disadvantage of such a grinder-mixer is the possibility of grinding only non-woody plant materials - stalked feed and root crops, as well as its mobility.

Known crusher for small-sized wood waste, consisting of a housing with loading and unloading funnels and counter-knives, a rotor with cutting knives or hammers and installed inside the housing under the rotor of the sieve [Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 23237338, publ. 06/27/2008, bull. No. 18].

The disadvantage of this crusher is that it is designed to chop only wood waste, not mechanized and not mobile.

Known wood-vegetable waste shredder, made on a stationary frame and having two sections with a single drive shaft; one section with a cutting apparatus in the form of a gear roll is intended for chopping branches, the second with a cutting apparatus in the form of knives mounted on pins and directly on the shaft, is designed for grinding fibrous plant material. The lower part of the hopper is a common chamber, made in the form of a truncated cone, with a shutter [Utility Model Patent of the Russian Federation No. 111967, publ. 01/10/2012, bull. No. 1].

The disadvantage of this grinder is that its handling requires auxiliary handling equipment; the grinding section for woody plant material is demanding on the initial diameter of the branches due to the inability to adjust the gap between the grinding roller and the wall of the hopper; the knife section of the open type, as a result of which the fibrous plant material does not stay in the chopper chamber and after passing through the knives, it immediately enters the mixing chamber, which does not allow it to be crushed if necessary.

The technical result of the utility model is solved by the use of a universal small-sized grinder of plant materials, characterized in that for grinding wood plant material there are two gear rolls of different diameters and a pressure plate with a screw for regulating the gap between the roller and the hopper wall; the closed knife section is equipped with a damper for more thorough grinding of non-woody plant material with different stem structure; in addition, rollers are provided on the frame to move the universal chopper in a horizontal plane.

The use of a universal shredder of wood-and-vegetable waste will make it possible to obtain a homogeneous mass of particles necessary for composting size.

Thus, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences" and ensures the achievement of a positive effect, indicated by the purpose of the utility model.

Figure 1 schematically shows the proposed universal shredder of plant materials. Structurally, a small-sized universal shredder consists of a two-section hopper 1 made of metal sheets, in the walls of which, a horizontal shaft 7 is fixed in bearings with a cutting device in the form of knives 2 mounted on pins and knives 3 mounted directly on the shaft to grind non-woody plant material in one section with a shutter 13, as well as a cutting apparatus for grinding wood material in the form of gear rolls 4, 5 of various diameters and a pressure plate 6 with a screw in the second ktsii. The lower part of the hopper is made in the form of a truncated cone 8, with a shutter 9 and an unloading channel 10. The hopper is mounted on a frame 11 with rollers 12 for moving the chopper.

Figure 2 presents a diagram of a universal grinder of wood-and-vegetable waste, side view.

The device operates as follows. When the shutters are closed, with the help of a cutting apparatus in the form of gear rolls and a knife apparatus, branches and fibrous plant material are crushed, which comes from the wood material chamber immediately after the rolls pass, and from the non-wood material chamber only after the shutter is opened into the lower part of the hopper, made in the form of a truncated cone, where it is mixed in free fall and unloaded in any container intended for composting or transportation. With the help of rollers mounted on the frame, the chopper can be moved directly to the place of compost laying.

Thus, the grinding and mixing of wood-vegetable waste intended for composting takes place.

Claims (1)

Small-sized universal shredder of plant materials, characterized in that for grinding wood plant material there are two gear rolls of different diameters and a pressure plate with a screw for regulating the gap between the roll and the wall of the hopper; the closed knife section is equipped with a damper for more thorough grinding of non-woody plant material with different stem structure; in addition, rollers are provided on the frame to move the universal chopper in a horizontal plane.