RU2250603C2 - Method of producing tricale hybrid seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, plant selection, may be used for creating of hybrids.

SUBSTANCE: method involves sowing; pollinating gelded ears with tricale pollen under isolation conditions and growing to maturity state; sowing winter and autumn sorts of tricale over coulisse-strip fallow, winter sorts being sown at three periods: first period including time traditional for concrete zone, second period including three-leaves stage of first period plants and third period including time before winter stage of first period plants, and autumn sorts being sown at two periods simultaneously with second and third sowing periods for winter sorts; during pollination of tricale ears with tricale pollen, providing direct and reverse crossings of sorts of one winter type of development as well as of different winter and autumn sorts; using group isolators for isolating of gelded ears, with at least 30 ears being gelded in each hybrid combination.

EFFECT: provision for extended hybridization period and production of greater amounts of hybrid seeds.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to plant breeding, and can be used in the process of creating hybrids.

There is a known method of hybridization, in which the cut stems of wheat plants are placed in a nutrient solution and kept in the refrigerator at a low plus temperature until artificial pollination is carried out (1).

The disadvantage of this method is the low setting of hybrid seeds (13-20%).

In the zone of Western Siberia, often due to the hot weather in June, the earing and flowering phases of the parent forms quickly pass during the hybridization period. The duration of hybridization is reduced, so it is not possible to obtain a sufficient number of seeds for the planned hybrid combinations. Crossbreeding of winter and spring varieties requires additional costs and reorientation of the entire breeding process to the cultivation of spring forms in optimal conditions for them with replanting with spring-sown seeds of winter forms.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method for producing hybrid seeds of triticale, including pollination of castrated wheat ears with triticale pollen, obtaining hybrid seedlings by embryoculture method, their vernalization, spraying hybrid plants with a solution of tomazide in a certain concentration and subsequent cultivation until maturation (2).

However, this method is laborious, requires large expenditures of special equipment and chemicals, and the hybridization period is short.

The objective of the invention is to increase the number of hybrid seeds and extend the hybridization due to a longer combination of earing and flowering of varieties of simultaneously flowering varieties of winter and spring types.

The task is realized by the fact that in the method of producing hybrid seeds of triticale, including sowing, pollination in isolation of castrated ears of triticale pollen and their subsequent cultivation before maturation, sowing of winter and spring varieties is carried out on the rocker pair, while sowing of winter varieties is carried out in three terms : the first - in the terms traditional for a particular zone, the second - in the phase of three leaves for the first term, the third - before leaving the plants for the first term in winter, and sowing spring varieties - in two terms simultaneously with the second and the third period of sowing of winter varieties, and when pollinating, direct and reverse crosses of varieties of both one winter type of development and different varieties - winter and spring are carried out.

The method is implemented as follows. On the backstage pair in the traditional for a particular time period sowing winter varieties of triticale, selected for hybridization.

After some time, sowing of both winter and spring varieties is carried out simultaneously. The term of this sowing is determined by the state of the first term - the phase of three leaves. The peculiarity of the second sowing period is that spring varieties in their development do not reach the exit phase into the tube (this would cause their death in winter). Usually sown at this time the varieties go into the winter in the phase of three leaves or the beginning of tillering. Overwintering of such plants in spring and winter varieties is generally successful on the rocker pair, which provides sufficient snow accumulation (> 30 cm).

Before leaving the first-term plants in winter, simultaneous sowing of winter and spring varieties is carried out, which ensures the emergence of plants in the spring. In winter, the seeds of winter varieties undergo vernalization, and their further development proceeds according to the type of spring forms.

In summer, during the heading period of plants, the ears are castrated by the conventional method using tweezers. For isolation of castrated ears use group insulators. For each hybrid combination, at least 30 ears are castrated. Pollination is carried out by the fuel method during the flowering period of paternal forms as castrated maternal forms are ready, and when pollinating ears of triticale with pollen of triticale, direct and reverse crosses of varieties of both one winter type of development and different winter and spring types are carried out.

Several terms of sowing provide a longer hybridization time, as well as the possibility of obtaining hybrids between winter varieties of different flowering times and between winter and spring varieties in direct and reverse crosses. The method is tested on the experimental field OmGAU.

As a result of the experiments, the duration of the hybridization period increased by two weeks. Hybrid seed setability reached 63%. Up to 500 grains were obtained for each individual hybrid combination.

Sources of information

1. Auth. St. RF number 2180478, cl. A 01 H 1/02.

2. Auth. St. USSR No. 1371635, class A 01 H 1/02.

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining hybrid seeds of triticale, including sowing, pollination under isolation of castrated ears with pollen of triticale and their subsequent cultivation until ripening, characterized in that the winter and spring varieties of triticale are sown on a rocker pair, while winter varieties are sown in three periods : the first - in the terms traditional for a particular zone, the second - in the phase of three leaves of plants of the first term, the third - before leaving the plants of the first term in winter; and sowing of spring varieties - in two terms simultaneously with the second and third terms of sowing winter varieties, and when pollinating ears of triticale with pollen of triticale, direct and reverse crosses of varieties of both one winter type of development and different winter and spring types are carried out. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for isolating castrated ears use group insulators, while at least 30 ears are castrated for each hybrid combination.