RU2249072C1 - Method for complex multilayer engineering protection of territory to be developed against underflooding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic and reclamation building, particularly in permafrost zones.

SUBSTANCE: method involves creating planned embankment on territory to be developed; performing surface water drainage from embankment. Embankment slope provide water flow to water receiving means and drainage of surface water from adjoining areas. Ground water flowing from adjacent areas are drained during and/or after embankment erection and removed from embankment body. Motor roads and in-territory water draining channel systems are used as water receiving and draining means within the boundaries of territory to be developed. Water diversion ditch system is used for water removal from outside the territory to be developed. Water diversion ditch system are formed along embankment perimeter and above slopes reinforced from embankment side. Motor roads are built on embankment top, wherein motor road pavements are located beneath embankment surface. Embankment has slopes directed towards roads. Motor roads have longitudinal and transversal slopes providing surface water flow along roads to water draining channel system, which drains water into water diversion ditch system. Surface water flows into water diversion ditch system from embankment areas located at a distance from motor roads due to inclining above areas towards water diversion ditch system, which directs water to purification system or to natural temporary or permanent water channels. For ground water removal from embankment body drainage layer is placed in embankment so that drainage layer diverts accumulated water to water diversion ditch system, which is also used to remove ground water entering from areas located adjacent territory to be developed.

EFFECT: simplified structure, reduced labor inputs, provision of stable and effective protective system operation.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering and land reclamation construction and is intended for drainage, engineering preparation of built-up areas and their engineering protection against flooding, mainly in areas of permafrost distribution, and can also be used to drain any land, including agricultural land in the perennial zone permafrost.

Flooding of the developed territories is an urgent problem for many northern objects of economic activity. Severe climatic conditions greatly complicate the tasks associated with the development of effective measures for the engineering protection of the developed territories. Water saturation of soils negatively affects their properties, which complicates the construction work and operation of structures and ultimately leads to a significant increase in operating costs. The present invention is based on the concept of preserving the water balance of the territory and is a comprehensive solution to the problem of flooding by creating a multi-level engineering protection system, mainly in areas of permafrost, performing the function of local water storage in relation to groundwater of upstream aquifers.

The prior art method of thermal land reclamation in the permafrost zone, including thawing permafrost, and for agricultural use of land in the permafrost zone on rough terrain, a layer of drainage material is poured across the slope, and above the slope, next to it, a platform is buried below the daytime surface by the size of the plant layer (USSR author's certificate No. 1148936, IPC E 02 B 11/00, published 07.04.85).

There is also a known method of draining land in the permafrost zone, including draining into open drainage channels of surface and ground water along a permafrost, which is biased towards the drainage channels, and to speed up drainage, the soil is treated by continuous milling with simultaneous mixing and aeration of the crushed soil ( USSR copyright certificate No. 1467136, IPC E 02 B 11/00, published March 23, 89).

The disadvantages of the above methods of drainage are the large volumes of work on the excavation, movement and processing of soil, as well as the lack of measures for the removal of surface and groundwater from adjacent territories.

The closest analogue of the present invention in terms of technical nature and in the number of similar features is a method of complex multi-level engineering protection of the developed territory from flooding, including the creation of a general planning embankment on the area of the developed territory and the organization of measures for the removal of surface water from the said embankment, the surface layout of which is made with slopes, providing a drain to devices for receiving and discharging surface water, and from adjacent territories and produced in time and / or after the creation of the embankment of measures for the removal of groundwater coming from the adjacent territories and the removal of groundwater from the body of the embankment (USSR author's certificate No. 1583535, IPC E 02 B 11/00, published on 07.08.90).

In the conditions of the permafrost zone, the disadvantages of this known method are the considerable complexity and laboriousness of carrying out works on laying a closed drainage network with devices for receiving and discharging surface and ground water coming from adjacent territories, as well as a decrease in the efficiency created during the first several seasons in this way, drainage systems in connection with the mudding and the formation of ice plugs that do not have time to thaw during the short summer season.

The objective of the present invention is to simplify and reduce the complexity of the work on creating a system of integrated multi-level engineering protection of the developed territory from flooding, including in the permafrost zone, as well as ensuring stable performance of the system under these conditions.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of complex multi-level engineering protection of the developed territory from flooding, including the creation of a general planning embankment on the area of the developed territory and the organization of measures for the removal of surface water from the said embankment, the surface planning of which is carried out with slopes that provide drainage to receiving devices and removal of surface water, and from adjacent territories and during and / or after the creation of the embankment of measures for the removal of groundwater water flowing from the adjacent territories and the removal of groundwater from the body of the embankment, according to the invention, roads and a system of intra-area drainage ditches are used as devices for receiving and discharging surface water on the area of the territory being developed, and outside the area of the territory being developed, a system of off-site drainage systems is used ditches that run along the perimeter of the general embankment with slopes reinforced from the side of the embankment, while cars are laid on the general embankment roads with a paved surface, the surface of which is buried relative to the surface of the embankment, which has slopes towards the roads, and is made with longitudinal and transverse slopes, providing runoff of surface water on roads to the system of indoor drainage ditches, along which surface water is diverted to the system of off-site drainage ditches moreover, the runoff of surface water from the surface of the sections of the embankment located along its periphery at a distance from highways, and from the natural surface territories adjacent to the embankment are sent to the system of off-site drainage ditches by imparting slopes to the named surfaces towards the off-site drainage ditches, and according to the latter, all the water entering them is diverted to treatment facilities or to natural temporary or permanent streams, in addition, to remove groundwater from the body the embankments lay a drainage layer in it with the possibility of the latter collecting the collected water into the system of off-site drainage ditches, which are also used to drain groundwater, entering them from the adjacent to the developed territory.

In special cases, the implementation of the proposed method of integrated multi-level engineering protection of the developed territory from flooding:

- the drainage layer is performed using materials that are reinforcing for the layer of bulk soil, from which create a general planning embankment;

- drainage funnels are made in the upper layer of the general embankment embankment, which are brought from the surface of the embankment to the drainage layer and filled with coarse material;

- when the territory being developed is located in the zone of distribution of permafrost underlying rocks, a heat-insulating screen is laid under the drainage layer;

- in front of the general embankment, along its perimeter or in separate sections of the latter, create an anti-filtration curtain on the groundwater flow path coming from adjacent territories;

- in the northern regions, an ice-soil curtain, which is created using vertical cooling units and surface heat-insulating screens, is used as an anti-filtration curtain.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows the system created by the proposed method, a comprehensive multi-level engineering protection of the developed territory from flooding, plan; figure 2 is the same, a section aa in figure 1.

The method of integrated multi-level engineering protection of the developed territory from flooding is as follows.

A general planning embankment 1 is created on the territory of the territory under development, and measures are taken to divert surface water from embankment 1, the surface planning of which is carried out with slopes that provide drainage to devices for receiving and discharging surface water, and from adjacent territories 2 and produced during and / or after the creation of the embankment 1 measures for the removal of groundwater coming from the adjacent territories 2, and the removal of groundwater from the body of the embankment 1. As devices for receiving and discharging surface water in the area of roads and the system of on-site drainage ditches 4 are used in the territory being excavated, and outside the territory of the territory being developed, the system of off-site drainage ditches 5 is used, which are performed along the perimeter of the general embankment 1 with slopes reinforced from the embankment 1. At the same time, automobile roads are laid on the general embankment 1 roads 3 with a road surface, the surface of which is buried relative to the surface of the embankment 1, which has slopes towards the roads 3, and is performed with a longitudinal and transverse slopes that provide runoff on roads 3 of surface water to the system of on-site drainage ditches 4, by which surface water is diverted to the system of off-site drainage ditches 5. Runoff of surface water from the surface of sections 6 of embankment 1 located at its periphery at a distance from highways 3 , and from the natural surface of territories adjacent to the embankment 1, 2 are directed into the system of off-site drainage ditches 5 by imparting slopes to the named surfaces towards the off-site drainage canals ав 5. According to the latter, all the water entering them is diverted to treatment facilities or to natural temporary or permanent streams (not shown in the drawings). To remove groundwater from the body of the embankment 1, a drainage layer 7 is placed in it with the possibility of the latter collecting the collected water into the system of off-site drainage ditches 5, which are also used to drain groundwater coming from the adjacent to the developed territory 2. To drain the drainage layer 7 of the collected water into the system of off-site drainage ditches 5 it is performed with slopes towards the latter and with the outputs of the end parts of the drainage layer 7 above the slope of the corresponding off-site drainage ditch 5 with Orono mound 1.

The drainage layer 7 can be performed using materials that are reinforcing for the bulk soil layer, from which the general planning embankment 1 is created. Materials such as extruded geogrids can be used as such reinforcing bulk soil.

In the upper layer of the general embankment 1, drainage funnels 8 can be made, which are brought from the surface of the embankment to the drainage layer 7 and filled with coarse material.

With the location of the developed territory in the zone of distribution of permafrost underlying rocks 9 under the drainage layer 5 lay a heat-insulating screen 10.

Before the general embankment 1, along its perimeter or in separate sections of the latter, an anti-filtration curtain 11 is created on the groundwater flow path coming from adjacent territories 2.

In the northern regions, an ice-soil curtain, which is created using vertical cooling units 12 and surface heat-insulating screens 13, is used as an anti-filtration curtain 11.

In addition, the drawings further indicate:

14 - the sole layer of seasonal freezing - thawing;

15 - the roof of the permafrost 9.

As a result of the implementation of the above method, at the stage of operation of facilities located in the territory being developed, after completion of construction work, surface water diversion will be organized by a system for protecting the territory from flooding, which has four levels (see figures 1 and 2). At the first level, there is a concentration of surface runoff within most of the territory that does not have a hard surface. At the same time, part of the moisture that has leaked into the bulk soil is discharged outside the embankment 1 along the drainage layer 7. The slope of the embankment 1 surface is set so that the runoff is carried out on the carriageway of roads 3, which form the second level watershed, because elevations of the surface of roads 3 are slightly lower than elevations of the surface of the adjacent part of embankment 1. The movement of water along roads 3 is provided by their slopes in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and the discharge of water from the surface of roads 3 is carried out into the system of intra-area drainage ditches 4, which form the third drainage level . With the help of the on-site drainage ditches 4, water is drained outside the embankment 1 into the system of off-site drainage ditches 5 located along the perimeter of the embankment 1 and forming the fourth level of the catchment. Among other things, off-site drainage ditches 5 receive surface water that accumulates in the adjacent area 2 at the slopes of embankment 1. Water is discharged from the off-site drainage ditches 5 in the direction of natural drains (runoff streams, temporary and small streams). Thus, the water balance of the district is maintained.

Strengthening the channels of on-site and off-site drainage ditches 4 and 5 is carried out using such material as volumetric geogrids. The use of this material makes it possible to create ditches 4 and 5 of a transverse profile of various shapes with variable dimensions along the length of ditches 4 or 5, which is quite difficult to accomplish using rigid structural elements. In the case of deformation of the channels of such on-site and off-site drainage ditches 4 and 5, their functioning is practically not disturbed and erosive erosion of bulk soils along the sides of drainage ditches 4 and 5 does not occur. The use of non-rigid materials for the construction of off-site drainage ditches 5 allows minimizing the impact on natural soils during works on laying channels of ditches 5.

In cases where there is a risk of stagnation of surface water within the embankment 1, drainage funnels 8 are filled in bulk soil to the depth of the drainage layer 7, filled with coarse material.

The inflow from the outside into the embankment 1 of permafrost water is prevented by the creation along the embankment 1, where necessary, of anti-filtration ice-soil curtains 11. Ice-soil curtains 11 are created on the path of groundwater filtration by freezing soils using special cooling units 12 - vertical vapor-liquid stabilizers of plastic and year-round frozen soils actions.

This invention provides:

- the possibility of organizing an effective drainage system and its functioning already in the early stages of construction;

- the implementation during the entire period of operation of comprehensive protection of the bulk layer from water saturation by water coming from the surface of the embankment itself, as well as surface and ground water coming from adjacent territories;

- preservation of the natural water balance of the region and normal environmental conditions.

Claims (6)

1. A method for comprehensive multi-level engineering protection of the developed territory from flooding, including the creation of a general planning embankment on the area of the developed territory and the organization of measures for the removal of surface water from the mentioned embankment, the surface planning of which is carried out with slopes that provide drainage to devices for receiving and discharging surface water, and from adjacent territories and during and / or after the creation of the embankment, measures for the removal of groundwater coming from the adjacent territories and the removal of groundwater from the body of the embankment, characterized in that as devices for receiving and discharging surface water in the area of the territory being developed, roads and the system of intra-area drainage ditches are used, and outside the area of the territory being mastered, a system of off-site drainage ditches is used that perform the perimeter of the general embankment with slopes reinforced from the embankment side, while roads with a paved surface are laid on the general embankment, the surface of which they are buried relative to the surface of the embankment with slopes towards the roads, and are made with longitudinal and transverse slopes, which ensure the flow of surface water along the roads into the intra-drainage ditches system, through which the surface waters are diverted to the non-drainage drainage ditches system, and the surface water drain from the surface sections of the embankment located on its periphery at a distance from highways, and from the natural surface of the territories adjacent to the embankment are sent to the system at off-site drainage ditches by imparting slopes to the named surfaces towards off-site drainage ditches, and along the latter, all water entering them is diverted to treatment facilities or into natural temporary or permanent streams, in addition, a drainage layer is laid in it to remove groundwater from the body of the embankment with the possibility of the latter withdrawing the collected water into the system of off-site drainage ditches, which are also used to drain groundwater coming from adjacent to the developed territory . 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the drainage layer is performed using materials that are reinforcing for the layer of bulk soil, from which create a general planning embankment. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in the upper layer of the unplanned embankment carry out drainage funnels, which from the embankment surface are brought to the drainage layer and filled with coarse material. 4. The method according to p. 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that when the development territory is located in the distribution zone of permafrost underlying rocks, a heat-insulating screen is laid under the drainage layer. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in front of the general embankment, along its perimeter or individual sections of the latter, an anti-filtration curtain is created on the groundwater flow path coming from the adjacent territories. 6. The method according to p. 5, characterized in that in the northern regions as an anti-filtration curtain, an ice primer curtain is used, which is created using vertical cooling units and surface thermal insulation screens.

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