RU2416692C1 - Water engineering system on permafrost soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: water engineering system on permafrost soils comprises a ground dam that creates a water reservoir in the water course and is equipped with an antifiltration device and a freezing system, and an open spillway arranged between dead parts of the ground dam. The antifiltration device comprises a screen and an upstream apron made with a watertight geomembrane from polymer material. The underlying layer of the upstream apron is made of low-watertight local soils of a seasonal thawing layer and/or quarried soils. Cooling elements of the freezing system are arranged in soils of the ground dam downstream shell above the upper border of permafrost soils and provide for freezing of seasonal melting layer soils and bed talik of the watercourse in the specified area. The open spillway is arranged in the form of a gabion structure, which is enclosed at the bottom and at the sides into a watertight geomembrane of polymer material, which, within the limits of the spillway head part is coupled with the geomembrane of the screen in a watertight manner to the level of the upper edge of the screen at the area of the ground dam.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to save funds when erecting the water engineering system, to improve its reliability and repairability.

11 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used in the construction of permafrost (permafrost) soils of low pressure, rarely medium pressure waterworks, including a soil dam and an open spillway.

All soil dams built and under construction in the Far North are usually divided into two groups: dams with a permafrost curtain (they are often called frozen, non-filtering or with preservation of negative temperatures at the base for the entire period of their operation - construction principle 1); dams without a frozen curtain (they are called thawed, filtering, or with the assumption of thawing permafrost soils - construction principle 2).

In Russia, in the Far North, on permafrost soils (rocks), a number of thawed dams of classes 1 and 2 were built as part of the hydroelectric power stations of the hydroelectric power station: Vilyui hydroelectric power station, Vilyuy hydroelectric power station 3, Khantayskaya, Kureyskaya, Kolymskaya and Ust-Srednekanskaya (under construction) and others. Each of these dams blocks a high-flowing watercourse, at least its channel part is erected on bedrock rocks, thawing of which does not lead to additional precipitation and a significant increase in filtration costs. At the same time, the channel talik is covered with a cementation curtain, usually made of lost, and in areas with frozen rocks, as the rocks thaw. These dams are characterized by the use of costly, but reliable construction methods, design solutions and high quality construction work, which ensures their reliability.

The situation is different with dams of classes 3 and 4, which were built frozen mainly on low-flowing streams freezing during the cold season. According to the source [1], by the end of the 20th century, over 800 low-pressure hydroelectric facilities with frozen ground dams, including more than 400 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), were built in the permafrost zone of Russia (the same: permafrost zone). All of them are more or less subject to deformations, most of which were destroyed in the first three years of operation.

The waterworks on the Irelyakh River [2 and 3] and the waterworks on the Sytykan River [4], built in the Republic of Sakha in 1964 and 1977, respectively, create reservoirs each with a capacity of more than 17 million m ³ and are almost the only sources of industrial water supply enterprises and settlements with them.

These hydropower facilities are unique in their significance, the features of construction and operation, and they are included in many textbooks on hydraulic engineering. Their soil dams have a maximum height of about 20, and their open coastal spillways are located on rocky foundations and are designed to allow flow rates of about 300 m ³ / s.

Hydro units are characterized by the following general features.

1. For the first time, thawing of permafrost was found in the rocky grounds of spillways. Moreover, at the Irelyakhsky hydroelectric complex 4 years after filling the reservoir, and at the Sytykansky hydroelectric complex - 20 years later. Taliks spread to the right and left of the spillway with an intensity of tens of meters per year, which exceeded all previously made forecasts, while the taliks went beyond controlled limits in depth and width.

2. Hydro units are in almost emergency condition. Work on the creation of a different type of combined cementation-permafrost perfect (dull) anti-filter curtain in filtering soils has not yet been crowned with serious success. At the same time, the costs incurred to restore the curtain and to transfer water from the lower pool to the upper pool are already commensurate with the costs of creating an alternative source of water supply. All this casts doubt on the feasibility of carrying out further repair and restoration work at hydroelectric facilities.

The low reliability and high cost of these two and other similar waterworks on permafrost soils can be explained by the following reasons.

1. The deepening of the spillway into the permafrost rocky soil of the slope leads to a violation of the upper water-gas-tight ice-ground layer of permafrost soil (the same: raincoat, shell, crust). Such a frozen cloak was formed in the initial period of the last cooling (ice age) during unilateral freezing of soils from top to bottom under the conditions of continuous penetration of precipitation into its frost-cracked pores and water pores. At the same time, the thickness of the cloak increased in places from the bottom up due to the deposition of dispersed soils and their subsequent flooding and freezing. At the same time, along the largest stress cracks formed both in previous periods of glaciation-warming and in other geological periods, under the influence of a hydraulic slope, water from the cloak flowed to the nearest discharge sites - taliks of watercourses and reservoirs, groundwater sources, thermokarsts and others. As a result of this, as the lower boundary of permafrost soils further lowers below the cloak, some of the deep cracks remained free from ice and dispersed soils — hollow washed out cracks - forever, until the next global warming [5].

In accordance with the laws of heat engineering, it takes a long time to naturally thaw an artificially created pond of an ice-saturated frozen coat in a natural way. When performing excavation under the spillway, the integrity of the cloak was impaired, which led to the development of intensive filtration of water from the spillway filled with water and, correspondingly, anomalously fast, thawing of permafrost soils. So, at the Irelyakhsky hydroelectric complex, it took 4 years to melt the left side spillway disturbed by the pit, and more than 30 years to melt the unbroken right side side, moreover, presumably as a result of the spread of soil thawing from the spillway.

The integrity of the cloak was also violated during the drilling of wells, carried out during surveys and the implementation of cementation and / or permafrost curtains.

2. After the thawing boundary extends beyond the waterproof ice-saturated frozen cloak, the process of thawing frozen soils takes place with the participation of a system of unfilled ice of various orders of hollow cracks as follows.

From melt-permeable soils through hollow cracks, water enters frozen soils, under the influence of pressure, the shortest path moves around the anti-filter curtain to the downstream to the discharge site and creates thin melt layers on its way in frozen soils. These thawed layers sequentially cut off frozen pillars from the frozen massif and begin to intensively heat them with the heat of filtering water. Both pillars and the opposite side of the frozen mass are thawing, while new frozen pillars of various sizes are cut off with new thawed layers.

Frozen pillars can be quite large. This is facilitated by the circumstance (the author’s hypothesis) that for many thousands of years finely dispersed salt-containing particles could persist and / or accumulate on the surface of hollow cracks, which, when dissolved in pioneer water (the concept is introduced for the first time), increase its mineralization, therefore, lower its initial temperature freezing, which increases the non-freezing path of pioneer water along the crack. Moreover, at the end of the flow of such pioneer water, a moving local cryopeg is formed, the high salinity of the water in which under relatively favorable conditions (permafrost soils are saline, their temperature is high and the thickness is not large) can ensure that the flow of the entire thickness of permafrost soils passes to their lower boundary.

Frozen pillars cut off by thawed layers create a transitional layer between thawed soils and solid frozen soils. The thickness of this transition layer, the concept of which is introduced for the first time, is not maintained. At the same time, large frozen pillars of this transitional layer during drilling create the appearance that the well has reached solid frozen soil, which does not allow to correctly set the depth of the anti-filter curtain.

3. The head of the soil dam freezes and forms a monolithic arch, which hangs over thawed soils, which contributes to the formation of washed cavities with filtering water.

4. Low maintainability of the hydraulic system due to the uncertainty in thawing frozen ice-saturated soils at a depth, high costs when restoring a frozen permafrost curtain and the complexity of monitoring its reliability.

5. High costs when performing the initial anti-filtration curtain and a long one, bypassing a dirt dam of an open spillway.

A frozen soil dam is known, which was erected on a foundation previously frozen from the snow cover from frozen incoherent soils and is covered on the upstream side with an elastic anti-filter element (geomembrane made of a polymeric material) conjugated to the frozen base by means of a tooth [6].

Firstly, the conjugation of a geomembrane with a frozen base by means of a tooth without artificially freezing it during operation is not reliable, especially if the tooth violates the integrity of the upper waterproof frozen layer (cloak). Secondly, the design of the soil dam is not linked to an open spillway, the known structures of which on permafrost soils bypassing the soil dam are complex and / or unreliable.

It is known from the source [7] that at the previously described Sytykan hydroelectric complex in 2004, intensive filtration of water through the coastal part of the reservoir was eliminated by creating an anti-filter screen using a polymer film. At the same time, a film panel of 6000 sq.m. it was laid at the bottom of the reservoir in winter by establishing a panel through the lane by means of ice cables.

This implemented example clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the anti-filter film screen in the Far North.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is a hydroelectric facility on permafrost soils, including a soil dam creating on the watercourse of the reservoir equipped with an anti-filtration device in the form of an ice-ground wall continuous along the dam, made by a freezing system in the central zone of the dam and paired with permafrost soils of the base, and an open spillway made between the dull sections of the soil dam. In this case, the ice-ground wall is formed by the cooling elements (freezing columns) of the freezing system located in the body of the soil dam and its base, and the open spillway is made in the form of an integral flexible gabion structure enclosed from below and from the sides in a waterproof geomembrane made of polymer material [8].

In the known hydraulic system, reliability is improved by performing an open spillway between the deaf sections of the soil dam, i.e. the open spillway is made in the form of a spillway section of a soil dam, which prevents the deepening of such a spillway into permafrost soils, therefore, does not violate the waterproof frozen coat. At the same time, the cost of performing an open spillway was reduced. However, due to the anti-filtration ice-ground, relatively rigid wall running along the entire length of the soil dam, the costs of the hydraulic system as a whole remain high, and the reliability of the hydraulic system and its maintainability are low.

The task to which the invention is directed is saving money, increasing the reliability and maintainability of the hydraulic system.

The technical result from the use of the invention is that:

- completely impaired water resistance of the upper layer of permafrost soils (raincoat) when creating a waterworks;

- thawing of frozen base soils under the whole body of the soil dam is almost completely prevented;

- ensured the transformation of the soil of the lower prism of the dam and at its base into ice soils;

- the maximum level of groundwater in front of the ice-ground element of the dam is limited, more precisely: in front of the lower prism of the dam;

- increased flexibility and deformability of the anti-filtration device of the soil dam;

- improved accuracy of prediction of thawing soils.

This problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in a waterworks system on permafrost soils, including a soil dam creating a reservoir on the watercourse, equipped with an anti-filtration device and a freezing system, the cooling elements of which are located in the soil base of the soil dam, and an open spillway made between the deaf parts soil dam in the form of a gabion structure, enclosed from below and from the sides in a waterproof geomembrane made of a polymer material, according to The anti-filtration device of the soil dam consists of a screen and a ponur made with a waterproof geomembrane made of a polymer material. The cooling elements of the freezing system are located in the soils of the base of the lower prism of the soil dam above the upper boundary of the permafrost soils and provide freezing of the soils of the seasonally thawing layer and channel talik of the watercourse on a given section of the soil dam. The underlying ponur layer is formed from weakly permeable local soils of the seasonally thawing layer and / or quarry soils, and the screen geomembrane is watertightly connected to the geomembrane of the head part of the open spillway to its level in the soil dam section of the upper edge. Additionally:

- the freezing system is made seasonally with forced circulation by means of cold air fans through large-diameter cooling metal pipes, providing inspection and repair of these pipes from the inside, while the inlet sections of the cooling pipes are located in the soil of the channel bed;

- within the ponura, the highly permeable soils of the seasonally thawing layer and in the channel talik are replaced by weakly permeable soils;

- the hydroelectric complex contains a permafrost embankment on each slope of the watercourse, forming a ditch over permafrost soils, which intercepts the surface runoff from the slope year-round, and the ground runoff from the seasonally thawing layer and discharges these runoff into the reservoir beyond the limits of the ponura and / or lower drainage ground dams;

- at least one ditch is made under the melt in melt soils, which is located along the free edge of the geomembrane in the immediate vicinity of it and is filled with co-matting material, capable of undermining melt soils under the meme;

- in the body of the upper prism of the dam at a predetermined level, a tubular drain is made, limiting the maximum level of groundwater in front of a frozen lower prism of the soil dam;

- the inner diameter of the cooling pipes exceeds 1.2 meters;

- as you move towards the upper pool from the soil dam, the permeability of the soil of the underlying layer of the ponur and channel talik of the watercourse decreases;

- the ditch ditch contains a water receiving prism hydraulically connected with a seasonally thawing layer, in which a discharge pipe made of polyethylene with perforation is placed;

- micro-dispersed (nanodispersed) silicon dioxide and / or its modifications and consisting mainly of particles with a particle size of 5 to 80 nm were used as a co-colmatant;

- cryogel obtained from polymer solutions and reducing the water permeability of soils when it penetrates into soils and hardening them when freezing and thawing is used as a co-gelant;

The proposed waterworks is illustrated by ten drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a plan of the site of the waterworks;

figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1;

figure 4 is a section bb in figure 1;

figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a spillway;

in Fig.6 is a section GG in Fig.1;

Fig.7 is a section DD in Fig.6;

in Fig.8 is a section EE in Fig.5;

figure 9 is a section FJ in figure 5;

figure 10 is a section ZZ in Fig.8.

The hydroelectric unit contains a soil dam (hereinafter: dam) 1, which creates a reservoir 3 on a watercourse 2 and consists of two deaf parts 4 and a spillway 5, over which an open type spillway 6 is located. At the same time, the spillway part 5 of the dam 1 is located on its right-bank floodplain area, and the spillway 6 is connected to the watercourse 2 by the discharge channel 7.

The dam 1 in cross section includes three prisms (figure 2), which are made of disconnected soils and with respect to the axis 8 of the dam 1, the head of the waterworks and reservoir 3, respectively, are named: bottom 9, top 10 and protective 11. Dam 1 is equipped antifiltration device and a freezing system working together with it.

The anti-filtration device of the dam 1 consists of a screen 12 and a ponur 13 made with a waterproof geomembrane 14 made of a polymer material. The screen 12 covers the lower slope of the upper prism 10, and its geomembrane 14 is watertightly interfaced with the same geomembrane 14 of the ponds 13. The underlying layer 15 of the ponds 13 is formed from weakly permeable local soils of the seasonally defrosting layer 16 (Fig. 3) and / or quarry soils.

The freezing system is made seasonally with forced circulation by means of two fans 17 of cold air through two cooling pipes (the same: cooling elements) 18 of large diameter. The cooling pipes 18 are located in the soils of the base of the lower prism 9 of the dam 1 above the upper boundary 19 of the permafrost soils 20, are made of metal, their internal diameter exceeds 1.2 meters, and the inlet sections 21 are located in the soils of the channel talik 22. The fans 17 are located on different relative to the watercourse 3 slopes. Such a freezing system provides for a given section of the lower prism 9 of the dam 1, including the channel part, freezing the soils of the seasonally thawing layer 16 and the channel talik 22 at the base of the lower prism 9 of the dam 1 and turning them into ice ground. Moreover, the large diameter of the cooling pipes 18 provides for their inspection and repair from the inside, which increases the reliability and maintainability of the freezing system.

The spillway 6 is made between the deaf parts 4 of the dam 1 in the form of a flexible gabion structure. This design (Figs. 5-10) from below and from the sides is enclosed in a waterproof geomembrane 23 made of polymer material, which within the head part 24 of the spillway 6 to a predetermined height is watertightly mated to the upper edge of the geomembrane 14 of the screen 12. The gabion structure is made of interconnected gabion wire 25, the baskets of which are made of wire mesh, have a box-shaped rectangular shape with dimensions, for example, 1 × 1 × 2 meters and filled with stone material [9].

Within the ponura 13, the highly permeable soils of the seasonally thawing layer 16 and the channel talik 22 are replaced by weakly permeable soils. This replacement of soils is carried out so that as you move towards the upstream from the dam 1, the permeability of the soils of the underlying layer 15 of the ponura 13 and the channel talik 22 of the watercourse 2 decreases.

The hydraulic unit on each slope from the watercourse 2 contains a permafrost embankment 26, which forms a ditch ditch 27 above the permafrost soils 20 (Figs. 1 and 3). The permafrost embankment 26 from the side of the upland ditch 27 contains a water receiving prism 28 hydraulically connected to the seasonally defrosting layer 16 with a discharge pipe 29 placed therein, which is made of polyethylene and with perforation. This permafrost embankment 26 year-round ensures interception from the slope of the surface runoff, and from the seasonally thawing layer 16 of the slope - the ground runoff, after which it drains these drains into the reservoir 3, outside the ponur 13 and / or downstream of dam 1.

The waterworks may contain ditches 30, which are located under the ponorm 13 in thawed soils and are filled with mudding agent 31, which is able to carry out under the ponder clogging of thawed soils (Figs. 1 and 4). It is advisable to arrange one such ditch 30 along the free edge of the geomembrane 14 in the immediate vicinity of the edge. As a colmatant, microdispersed (nanodispersed) silicon dioxide and / or its modifications and consisting mainly of particles with a particle size of 5 to 80 nm can be used [10]. As a colmotant, especially within the drained part of ponur 13 to level 32 drained during the cold season of the year (FIG. 1), a cryogel obtained from polymer solutions can be used. When penetrated into soils, this cryogel reduces their water permeability and strengthens them during freezing and thawing [11].

In addition to all this, in the body of the upper prism 10 of the dam 1, a longitudinal tubular drain 33 (Fig. 2) is made at a predetermined level, which limits the maximum level 34 of groundwater before the frozen lower prism 9 of the dam 1.

In the drawings, other elements of the hydraulic system are indicated, namely:

35 - base (dam);

36 - the initial position of the zero isotherm (in the body of the dam);

37 - final position of the zero isotherm (in the body of the dam);

38 - end position of the zero isotherm (at the base, figure 4);

39 - waterproof raincoat;

40 - stream of water (same: stream);

41 - tray (discharge part of the spillway);

42 - embankment (tray);

43 - water wall;

44 - I-beam;

45 - pipes;

46 - horse branch (pipes);

47 - stone;

48 - bedding (freezing system);

49 - fastening (uphill slope of the dam);

50 - a protective layer of ponur;

51 - air intake bell;

52 - nutrient trench;

53 - laying of non-woven geotextiles;

54 - end part (spillway);

55 - hydraulic nozzles;

56 - brand (Fig.6);

57 - gabion (in place);

58 - diaphragm (from the geomembrane);

59 - spillway threshold (surface);

60 - supporting element (bridge);

61 - bridge;

62 - geotextile (end part of the spillway);

63 - water well;

and _c is the thickness of the seasonally thawing layer before the creation of the waterworks (figure 4);

and _about - additional thawing of soils after the creation of the waterworks;

and _t is the thickness of the layer of thawed soil under the geomembrane after the creation of the hydroelectric complex.

A hydraulic unit is created in the following sequence. First, in the cold period of the first year of construction, on the right-bank floodplain site after freezing the soils of the seasonally thawing layer 16, dead 4 and weir 5 of the dam 1 are erected from the supercooled incoherent soils. Then, during the warm season of the year, a spillway 6 is constructed over the weir 5 of the dam, and on the slopes that are not flooded watercourse 2 - ponur 13, including the replacement of highly permeable soils of the seasonally thawing layer 16 with weakly permeable soils and the implementation of a ditch 30 with a muddle 31.

In the subsequent cold period of the second year of construction, cooling pipes 18 are laid, fans 17 are installed and a freezing system is activated. At the same time, on the prepared and frozen out, due to constant snow removal, base 35 of dam 1, lay supercooled incoherent soil layer by layer and with compaction in the bottom 9 and top 10 of the prism of dam 1. Then, the geomembrane 14 of screen 12 is placed on the top slope of the top prism 10. 13, and its geomembrane 14, is watertightly mated with the geomembrane 14 of the screen 12 and with the geomembrane 23 of the spillway 6. A protective prism 11 of dam 1 is erected, and a permafrost (more precisely: ice-ground) embankment 26 with ditch 27.

The work of the hydraulic system in the construction and operational periods is characterized by the following features.

1. The use of the freezing system during the construction period provides advanced freezing of the channel talik 22 under the bottom prism 9 of the dam 1. The water flowing through the channel talik 22 with a near-zero temperature to the freezing point allows the water-permeable subcooled soil of the lower prism 9 to be converted into pipe and atmospheric cooling into waterproof ice ground. In this case, the zero isotherm after the first cold period of the year has an initial position of 36, and with further operation of the waterworks - the final 37 (figure 2).

2. During the operational period, as a result of the warming effect of the reservoir 3 under it, thawing of the frozen soil of the base to the final position 38 of the zero isotherm takes place (Fig. 4). Thawing of soils, first of all, occurs below level 32 (Fig. 1) of the emptying of reservoir 3, and within the area of ponura 13. Above level 32, soils temporarily thawed when the reservoir is full in the cold season freeze again. Under the upper prism 10 of the dam 1, the thawing of soils is reduced, and under the lower prism 9 the soils are cooled by a freezing system and atmospheric air, therefore they are always in a frozen state.

The soils thawed under ponur 13 are compacted by hydrostatic pressure, and their water permeability is further reduced by the action of colmatant 31, which can be periodically added to ponder 13 during operation of the hydraulic system when the reservoir 3 is operated. According to such a thawed layer, water enters the body of the upper prism 10 in a limited amount and with low temperature, where its level is 34 (intermediate downstream), which reduces the pressure on the screen 12 and ponur 13, but creates pressure on the ice-ground bottom prism 9, is limited by the tubular drain 33. At the same time with this, as the soil thaws, the waterproof raincoat 39 of permafrost soils 20 goes down without violating its water resistance (author's hypothesis).

3. When the flow of water (the same: flow) 40 along the head part 24 and the spillway tray 41, its waterproof geomembrane 23 prevents water saturation of the dam 1 and embankment 42 (Figs. 1 and 8). This increases the stability of the entire gabion structure of the spillway 6 by a shift in the direction of flow 40 and protects the permafrost soils 20 from thawing. In this case, most of the water moves along the tray 41, the water walls 43 of which together with the I-beams 43 provide a differential form of water flow through the tray 41 with the formation of a jump in front of each water wall 43, which provides an intensive damping of the energy of the stream 40. At the same time, the hydrodynamic shear effect of the stream 40 by means of I-beams 44 and pipes 45 it is partially transferred from gabions 25 to the entire head part of the spillway 24 and to dam 1. The latter is achieved due to the fact that pipes 46 are made in the form of siphons, and their upper branches 46 stoned men 47.

Small low-flow costs can be skipped only by low-flow pipes 45 operating in a siphon mode. The method of charging such siphon tubes and the devices necessary for this are set and developed by the project. Moreover, in the middle width of the tray 41, the parts of the pipe 45 can be replaced by large metal profiles.

4. The permafrost embankment 26, forming a upland ditch 27 over permafrost soils 20, intercepts surface and ground (icy) runoff from the slope and thereby protects the mud 13 from damage. Moreover, abnormal freezing of water in a drain pipe made of polyethylene 29 is not dangerous for the pipe.

5. The anti-filtration reliability of the dam 1 is ensured by the joint (simultaneous) operation of the anti-filtration device (screen 12 and ponur 13), freezing system (cooling pipes 17 with fans 17), colmatant 31 and tubular drain 33.

When erecting the proposed waterworks system on permafrost soils, the use of technical features specified in the first paragraph of the formula is mandatory. The need to use additional features indicated in the dependent claims is determined by the project depending on local conditions.

The present invention fully complies with the commandment of Pavel Florensky: "... do not touch the frozen permafrost ... Do not dig into its bowels."

Information sources

1. Zhang R.V. Temperature condition and stability of low-pressure hydroelectric facilities and soil channels in the permafrost zone / Abstract of dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. - Yakutsk, 2001.

2. Biyanov G.F. Dams on permafrost. - M .: Energoizdat, 1983.

3. Waterworks on the river Irelyakh. Restoration of the pressure front in the body and base of the dam. Feasibility study. Explanatory Note 023-ISh-002-PZ. LLC PSK Geostroyproekt. Moscow, 2003.

4. Aleshin D.V., Shishov I.N., Fedoseev V.I. Restoration of the pressure head of the hydroelectric complex on the Sytykan River. // Hydraulic engineering. 2004. No. 12.

5. Yagin V.P., Vaikum V.A. The basic hydrogeological scheme is the hypothesis of permafrost, taking into account the history of geocryological development of the territory and with regard to hydraulic engineering construction. Intellectual product. FGUP VNTIC is registered under the number 73200700080.

6. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2310035, cl. E02B 7/06, publ. 11/10/2007.

7. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2267576, cl. E02B 7/06, publ. 01/10/2006.

8. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2374387, cl. E02B 7/06, publ. 11/27/2009.

9. GOST 52132-2003. Mesh products for gabion structures. Technical conditions

10. Zubchenko G.V. Microdispersed reagents and colmatants are new means of increasing the technical, economic and environmental performance of mining and processing enterprises. // Mountain Journal. 2005. No3.

11. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2289652, cl. E02B 3/16, publ. 12/20/2006.

Claims (11)

1. A hydroelectric facility on permafrost soils, including a soil dam creating on the watercourse of a reservoir equipped with an anti-filtration device and a freezing system, the cooling elements of which are located in the soil of the soil dam base, and an open spillway made between the dull parts of the soil dam in the form of a gabion structure enclosed from below and from the sides into a waterproof geomembrane of polymer material, characterized in that the anti-filtration device of the soil dam consists of screen and ponas made with a waterproof geomembrane made of a polymeric material, and the cooling elements of the freezing system are located in the soils of the base of the lower prism of the soil dam above the upper boundary of the permafrost soils and provide freezing of the soil of the seasonally thawing layer and the channel talik of the watercourse at a given section of the soil dam, while the underlying layer the ponura is formed from weakly permeable local soils of the seasonally thawing layer and / or quarry soils, and the screen geomembrane is up to equal to its portion of a subsurface dam watertight upper edge interfaced with geomembrane head portion open spillway. 2. The hydraulic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the freezing system is seasonally operated with forced circulation of cold air through large-diameter cooling metal pipes, providing inspection and repair of these pipes from the inside, while the inlet sections of the cooling pipes are located in the soil of the channel bed. 3. The hydraulic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that within the ponur, the highly permeable soils of the seasonally thawing layer and in the channel talik are replaced by weakly permeable soils. 4. The hydraulic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a permafrost embankment on each slope from the watercourse, forming a upland ditch over permafrost soils, which intercepts the surface runoff from the slope all year round, and the ground runoff from the seasonally thawing layer and discharges these runoff to reservoir beyond the limits of ponur and / or downstream of the earth dam. 5. The hydraulic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one ditch is made under the melt in the melt soils, which is located along the free edge of the geomembrane in the immediate vicinity of it and is filled with mudding, capable of carrying out the clogging of melt soils under the melt. 6. The hydraulic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that in the body of the upper prism of the dam at a predetermined level, a longitudinal tubular drain is made, limiting the maximum level of groundwater in front of the frozen lower prism of the soil dam. 7. The hydraulic unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the size of the inner diameter of the pipe is more than 1.2 meters. 8. The hydropower facility according to claim 3, characterized in that as it moves away to the upstream from the soil dam, the permeability of the soils of the underlying layer of the ponur and channel talik of the watercourse decreases. 9. The hydraulic unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the upland ditch contains a water receiving prism hydraulically connected with a seasonally thawing layer, in which a discharge pipe made of polyethylene with perforation is placed. 10. The hydraulic unit according to claim 5, characterized in that micro-dispersed (nanodispersed) silicon dioxide and / or its modification and consisting mainly of particles with a particle size of 5 to 80 nm are used as a co-fluid. 11. The hydraulic unit according to claim 5, characterized in that a cryogel obtained from polymer solutions is used as collimant, and it reduces the water permeability of soils when it penetrates into soils, and hardens them when freezing and thawing.

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