RU2618693C1 - Method for draining lands with close groundwater bedding while building aerodrome runways - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method involves draining shallow-contour marshes before and after the elevating portion of an aerodrome runway. To do this, open manifolds 4 are made from the lowered part of the marsh 1 with the discharge drainage channel 6. Further, the open manifold 4 is connected to the brook 5. In the runway section 3 of the aerodrome, between the open manifolds 4, 7, a closed drainage is constructed, with a slope on both sides of the ramp towards the closed manifold 17, 18, one of which 17 is connected to the brook, and the other 18 - to the open manifold 7. Then the whole stream of water enters the creek 5, in the lower part of which a storage pond 12 of drainage water is built in the side-hill fill. When forming the open manifolds 4, 7, by means of excavating soil from the bank line of the marshes, the construction of a road 9, 10 is started, using the same soil. The closed draining network of the drainage system consists of drains 15, 16 made of polyethylene drainage pipes, for example, with the diameter of 63 mm, laid in channels with a slope towards the closed manifolds 17, 18 and pre-wrapped with geotextile. The entire surface of said geotextile is filled with profiled and compacted granite crushed stone, the surface of which is covered with a layer of geotextile and then the soil is laid, creating conditions for drainage of the closed system. Wherein the drainage pipes are connected at an acute angle to the closed manifold. The proposed technology for the construction of a drainage system of the runway can carry out its long-term operation at all seasons.

EFFECT: drainage, mainly upland, allows to effectively use the features of the structure and properties of the land plot for the construction of aerodrome runways near shallow-contour marshes in general, thereby several times reducing the costs and duration of drainage.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction and land reclamation and can be used to drain the runways of airfields, roads and railways.

From the patent literature, a method of draining land is known, which includes, at the first stage of the survey, the installation of a conductive, enclosing network, a water intake, preliminary drainage channels, and at the second stage, backfilling of the preliminary drainage network, additional surveys and the laying of drainage, at the first stage, the regulatory network of drains with distances determined by the maximum conductivity of the drained aquifer from a series of data obtained as a result of surveys, and in the second stage, the actual ical rate of change of groundwater levels in the drains is governed by a network of drains of the first stage, based on which further pave the regulatory network between the drains of the first phase (Author's Certificate SU №1559044, E02B 11/00 from 23.04.1990).

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into account the water-physical properties of soils, for example, the slope of the surface of shallow bogs, from which water flows, as well as the surface of a number of areas with microreliefs lying on its path, the structure of its soil sections, is not taken into account. water-physical properties of these soils, in particular the magnitude and direction of soil filtration. As a result, the number of dehumidifiers increases, while the volume of earthwork increases. In addition, it does not take into account the slope of groundwater corresponding to the slope of the surface for most drained plots, in which the structural features of plots of various types (top-convex, lowland-floodplain, etc.) are not used. In addition, to obtain reliable information about the direction of planned filtering, it is necessary to carry out a large amount of preliminary field surveys of both small-contour bogs (ravines) and the towering sections between them. Therefore, when creating a drainage system, it is advisable to take as a basis not the direction of the maximum filtration coefficient, but the direction of the filtration costs of groundwater.

Groundwater movement along the direction line of the maximum filtration coefficient is possible only if the specified direction and the direction of the maximum filtration flow coincide, i.e. the creation of artificial slopes, which requires an increase in the volume of earthwork, while the drainage efficiency is low.

Closest to the proposed method of draining peat bogs during the construction of runways of aerodromes, which includes regulating the channel of the stream in its lower part flowing out of the swamp and blocking the influx of water into the swamp by means of a water outlet pipe that is interfaced with the ends on the mineral parts of the swamp dug several pits to the depth of the peat deposit, after which pumps are installed in the pits with the discharge lines through the damper wells to the lower part of the stream, they dig the bridges and let the water out of the swamp into the pits, and then turn on the pumps and pump it out into the stream, after the surface and partially ground water have been pumped out and peat has settled, they begin to dig an open drainage network, interfacing it through the bridges with the pits and continuing to pump out the water pumps, while from the coastline of the peat bog they begin to peat and replace peat with mineral soil, while installing perforated wells in the deepest places at the bottom of the former peat, pre-wound with geotextile, into which drainage pumps are placed, and groundwater is pumped into the lower part of the stream, thus lowering groundwater and creating conditions for the final replacement of peat with mineral soil.

The disadvantage of this method is that to drain the swamps they dig ditches, install drainage pumps, damping wells, spend a large amount of electricity, then forcefully pump water into the stream, etc.

However, the use of drainage pumps in pits and the further construction of damping wells leads to a significant increase in capital, energy and operating costs due to the significant cost in general. Thus, the drainage of the marshes is gradually distributed deep into the peat bog, while peat is precipitated, i.e. depends on the peat layer in the swamp, which does not reduce the amount of excavation and drainage costs, thereby also increasing the drainage time. In addition, the drawback is the low efficiency of drainage, and the frequency of peat bogs is associated with the forced removal of water from it, since the general slope of the surface of the drained part of the swamp is not taken into account, and the structural features of the drained areas located between the swamps of various types (top -convex, lowland-floodplain, etc.). In addition, to obtain reliable information about the direction of planned availability of filtration, it is necessary to perform a complex and large amount of preliminary field surveys on hard-to-reach peat bogs.

The technical task of the invention is to reduce costs and intensify drainage of a site with an elevated microrelief and near the border of shallow separately located swamps (beams).

The technical problem is solved by the proposed method of drainage of land with a close occurrence of groundwater during the construction of runways of airfields, including regulation of the channel of the stream in its lower part from the swamp and blocking the flow of water into the swamp, drainage of groundwater to the lower part of the stream, thereby lowering , groundwater, water drainage is carried out at the first stage by sequentially forming open collectors by excavating the ground and building a road laying along the collector in the lowest topograph At the second stage, the construction of a drainage-regulating closed drainage network with collectors in the area between the swamps is used, using its structure, while the regulating closed network of polyethylene pipes wrapped with geotextile, for example, with a diameter of 63 mm, fill the surface of the drainage drainage network with granite rubble with a total thickness of not less than 20 and not more than 70 mm, profiling and compacting the surface of the specified granite crushed stone of the drainage system cover the entire surface of the granite crushed stone of the drainage system of the runway with a geotextile layer, fill and compact the surface of the closed drainage network, while at the second stage, taking into account the slope of the aquifer obtained from these surveys, determine the actual direction of the underground maximum water with a bias towards the surface drained area and open collectors (collective) laid along the edges, connected to the stream, and the slopes of the closed drainage network with collectors from The slope is from the central longitudinal axis of the elevations of the relief of the drained area, while open collectors are built to a depth exceeding 2 m greater than the standard depth of the enclosed drainage network of drains with collectors, and a brook in its lower part is deepened and a blocking bulk dam is built close to the volume runoff of shallow bogs and groundwater of the airfield runway in the form of a storage pond with regulatory facilities as part of this runway, while lowering, thus groundwater, create conditions for the removal of fertile soil and the construction of the runway of the airfield.

In addition, to monitor the groundwater level on the runway of the aerodrome, sections of observation wells are provided along the edges of its section.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

FIG. 1 - a diagram of land drainage with a close occurrence of groundwater during the construction of runways of airfields is as follows.

The drainage of shallow bogs 1 and 2 (beams) before and after the planned elevated section of the runway 3 of the airfield, begin with the regulation (removal) of water, first carry out the preparatory stage, which subsequently allows preliminary drainage. To do this, open the collector 4 from the lower part of the swamps 1, which runs with a slope, and connect it to a discharge in the stream 5. The distance from the swamp 1 to the open collector 4 is performed by a drainage drain channel 6. At the same time, the collector 4 of the swamp 1 is open in the planned located near the border of the shallow swamp 2 (above it) an open collector 7 is laid and is also connected with a slope 5 with a slope, just as a swamp 2 is connected by a drain channel 8 with a stream in its lower part.

Thus, the plot of land planned for development between the small-contour bogs 1 and 2 has bulk fences with roads 9 and 10, for which excavation is used from open collectors 4 and 7, from which water flows into stream 5, which allows water to accumulate (collect) in its lower part of the stream with a recess in the form of a blocking bulk dam 11 of the storage pond 12 with a water flow regulator 13 and with a discharge overflow automatic discharge through the well 14.

The drainage at the first stage of bogs 1 and 2 continues continuously by gravity in stream 5.

At the second stage, drainage in a dedicated area under the runway of the airfield 3 between open collectors 4 and 7 is as follows.

First, a closed drainage is built by excavating the channels for drains 15 and 16, and sequentially form closed collectors 17 and 18 located on both sides of the ramp (section - runway 3 strips), which have a slope of collector 17, respectively, towards stream 5, and the collector 18 towards the open collector 7, which intensifies the drainage of underground drainage water and creates favorable conditions for water collection by regulatory networks, representing drains 15 and 16 for runoff, the water receivers of which are closed collectors 17 and 18. Slope s at the base of the drainage layers are made on two slopes from the Central longitudinal axis "A" of the runway 3.

The natural slope of the earth's surface coincides with the runoff of groundwater, corresponding to the maximum filtration costs through drains 15 and 16, so each of the closed collectors 17 and 18 captures the maximum amount of groundwater, i.e. It works with greater efficiency, while the number of collectors decreases, and the volume of earthwork decreases accordingly.

The use of such a drainage system for the runway for aerodromes will make it possible to abandon the use of damping wells and drainage pumps, and makes it possible to reduce energy and operating costs when draining underground drainage water.

The construction technology of the drainage system of this section 3 (runways of airfields) includes the sequential removal of the fertile soil layer, the drainage control drainage network, containing drains at an acute angle towards the closed collector, the latter being connected to the stream and to the open collector. A closed drainage network with drains 15 and 16 is made of polyethylene drainage pipes, for example, with a diameter of 63 mm, is laid in channels (trenches) with a slope towards the closed collectors 17 and 18, while the preliminary drains 15 and 16 are wrapped with geotextile in the soil thickness of the drainage layers groundwater, and water flows unhindered through geotextiles. Then the surface of the drainage drainage network is covered with granite rubble with a total thickness of at least 20 mm and not more than 70 mm, profiling and compacting the surface of the specified granite crushed stone of the drainage system. A second layer of geotextile is covered with the entire surface of granite crushed stone, the surface of a closed drainage network is poured and compacted, the slope of the aquifer obtained as a result of this survey is taken into account, and the actual direction of the underground maximum water with a slope towards the slope surface of the drained section (runway) and laid along the edges of open collectors (collective) connected to the stream.

Open collectors are built to a depth exceeding more than 2 m, exceeding the standard depth of the enclosed drainage network from drains with collectors.

To monitor the level of groundwater on the runways for aerodromes, sections of observation wells (not shown) are provided along the edges of the site. After that, they begin the full construction of runways for airfields using special earthmoving equipment.

Concrete example

Consider an example of a specific implementation, when the proposed method for the location of shallow marshes is located near a plot of land under construction under the runway for the airfield in the village of Blizeno, Kameshkovsky district, Vladimir region, which leads to swamping of nearby land. The method of drainage on the site is to lower the level of groundwater and water of the upper water type and the organization of water drainage is carried out by closed drainage from plastic pipes with a diameter of 63 mm, wrapped with geotextiles with a fraction of at least 20 mm and no more than 70 mm of drainage layers of the drainage system filled with granite crushed stone. The area of the plot is at least 300 hectares.

The distance between drains can be determined by the directory of land reclamation and water management / Edited by B.S. Maslov, -M.: Agropromizdat, 1985, or calculation according to Averyanov.

As a result of the calculations, as well as taking into account the operational efficiency, the inter-drainage distances and runoff modules depending on the thickness of the upper soil layer in this section to a depth of 1 m, the drainage distance varies from 10 to 24 m, respectively, in all cases the runoff modulus was 1 l / s.

The collector-drainage network on an area of 300 hectares is designed with plastic pipes wrapped with geotextiles with a surface of granite crushed stone at least 20 and not more than 70 mm with a total thickness of not less than 150 mm and not more than 250 mm, and is protected from siltation. They cover the entire surface of the granite crushed stone of the drainage system of the site (runway) with a geotextile layer, then fill the channels with the excavated soil. With this arrangement of the runway for aerodromes, the drainage system remains operational for many years, reliable and quick drainage of groundwater and surface water is ensured, and a strong coating of the drainage system is maintained.

For the drainage system of the runway for aerodromes, at the first stage, open collectors with an acceptable slope towards the outflow of water into the stream are first built in lowered areas on the border of shallow swamps.

The open collectors are fastened with plates, the width along the bottom will be 1.0 m and the slopes m = 1: 1.5. Reinforced concrete slabs are laid on the preparation of crushed stone with a layer of 10 cm. The fastening width is taken from the condition of a pass of 10% of the water supply security. Above slabs, slopes are strengthened by sowing herbs with 5 cm thick plant soil.

At the intersection of open collectors with the designed roads, tubular crossings are provided in accordance with SNiP P-50-74.

In places of water accumulation in the lower part of the stream, a storage pond with a bulk blocking dam, which is designed for the maximum possible accumulation of water, is built in a half-recess. In case of need of water, the storage pond is equipped with a regulating device for supplying water, in addition, a well with automatic catastrophic discharge of excess water into the stream is provided.

When constructing open collectors, it is imperative to observe their slope when connecting to a stream, while taking into account the pronounced microrelief of the entire section for the construction of the runway for airfields.

It should be noted that, along the boundaries of the developed drainage site, it is necessary to provide for the monitoring wells of monitoring wells for which samples of the state of groundwater in this drainage area will be taken during operation. The depth of groundwater in this drainage area ranges from 0.5 to 5.0 m. Groundwater is supplied by atmospheric precipitation and due to hydraulic connection with the location around the waters of the river. Klyazma, shallow marshes and stream.

Thus, the foregoing indicates that when using the claimed invention the following combination of conditions:

the claimed invention in its implementation is intended for the use of runways of airfields, namely in construction, in particular in the design of the drainage system and the presence of shallow swamps and a flowing stream;

for the claimed invention in the form described in the independent claim, the possibility of its implementation using the methods and methods described above or known prior to the priority date is confirmed.

The claimed invention in its implementation is able to ensure the achievement of a technical result.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the "industrial applicability".

Claims (2)

1. A method of draining land with a close occurrence of groundwater during the construction of runways of airfields, including regulating the channel of the stream in its lower part from the swamp and blocking the flow of water into the swamp, diverting ground water to the lower part of the stream, thereby lowering groundwater, characterized in that the water is removed at the first stage by sequentially forming open collectors by excavating and constructing a road laying along the collector at the lowest topographic marks contour bogs, let gravity flow along a slope in a stream, at the second stage they form the construction of a drainage-regulating closed drainage network with collectors in the area between the swamps, using its structure, while regulating a closed network of polyethylene pipes, for example, 63 mm in diameter, wrapped with geotextiles fill the surface of the drainage drainage network with granite crushed stone with a total thickness of at least 20 and not more than 70 mm, profiling and compacting the surface of the specified granite crushed stone of the drainage system, cover it all on top the granite crushed stone of the drainage system of the runway with a geotextile layer, the surface of the closed drainage network is poured and compacted, and in the second stage, taking into account the slope of the aquifer obtained from these surveys, the actual direction of the underground maximum water with a slope towards the surface of the drained area is determined and laid along the edges of the open collector connected to the stream, and set the slopes of the closed drainage network with collectors on the side of the ramp from the central the longitudinal axis of the elevation of the relief of the drained area, while open collectors are built to a depth exceeding 2 m greater than the standard depth of the enclosed drainage network of drains with collectors, and a brook in its lower part is deepened and a blocking bulk dam is constructed close to the drainage volume of shallow bogs and groundwater of the runway of the airfield in the form of a storage pond with regulatory structures as part of the runway, while lowering groundwater in this way, create conditions tions for removal of fertile soil and construction of airport runways, posadachnoy strip. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for observing the level of groundwater on the runway of the airfield, sections of observation wells are provided along the edges of its section.

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