RU2568135C1 - Method of reduction of groundwaters on populated areas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.

SUBSTANCE: common network of drainage channels is created for the whole territory of the populated area on the lower edge of the populated place in lowering the terrain of the coastal zone, in which the drain channels are formed with the depth of 2-3 meters, transverse to the flow of the main river bed, and arranged parallel to each other at a distance of several hundred meters. Creation of each subsequent channel is selected using the (lowered) negative land forms near the river bed. Joining of all the formed drainage channels is carried by the total cross-channel extending along their edges from the first to the last which is directed to the river bed.

EFFECT: increase in efficiency of the method, expanding the area of lowering the ground water level.

Description

The invention relates to the field of ecology and environmental protection and may find application in lowering the level of groundwater in a populated area on the banks of flat rivers.

A known method of lowering groundwater of a vertical type in the basement of residential buildings, office buildings and storages, including the organization of the depressive zone in the area of the basement due to the installation of pits and a filtering trench. Inside the perimeter of the basement, a prefabricated filtering trench (well) of arbitrary shape is mounted, and pits are located in the depression zone formed in the area of the prefabricated filtering trench (patent No. 2464382 from 01.20.2012).

The known method is complicated by the installation of additional technical structures, which requires additional financial investments for the construction and maintenance, and is also intended for one separately taken premises of a residential building or office building and storage. All this reduces the efficiency of the method and increases the cost of its implementation.

The closest technical solution is a method of reducing water in the basement of residential buildings, office buildings and storage facilities, including digging out drainage channels, installing a prefabricated filtering well, laying in the channels of filtering material or perforated pipes with filtering elements, installing a water discharge pump in the well from a well and providing with an automatic switch on and off (patent No. 2395642 from 07.27.2010).

However, the known method of drainage canals is complicated by the installation of technical structures, including a pump, which is energy-intensive and financially expensive, and most importantly - is intended for one single room of a residential building or an administrative-industrial building and storage. Moreover, the water diverted from the well also requires additional technical installations for their rational use or discharge into the sewer system.

The elements of the technical solution indicated in the prototype method are complex, which reduces efficiency. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the method, the expansion of the area of lowering the groundwater level.

The technical solution of the claimed object is that they create a common drainage network of canals for the entire area of the populated area on the lower edge of the village to reduce the relief of the coastal zone, in which form drainage channels 2-3 meters deep, transverse to the main river channel and arranged in parallel to each other at a distance of several hundred meters, and the creation of each subsequent channel is selected using (lowered) negative landforms closer to the river bed, and the connection is entirely ex formed drainage channels are carried out due to the common transverse channel passing along their edges from the first to the last, which goes into the river bed.

The method is as follows.

The creation of drainage canals with a depth of 2-3 meters is justified by the depth of groundwater. Channels are created transversely to the course of the main channel of the river, flowing to the right, left or along the banks of the inhabited territory. For technical simplification and reduction of work on digging channels, lowered places of relief are chosen. Each subsequent channel is dug closer to the floodplain and river bed, so that the last channel is as close to them as possible.

The formed transverse channel is directed into the riverbed, which allows returning the allocated groundwater to the surface water stream, making a water circulation and thereby maintaining the water balance of river and coastal ecosystems.

In addition, the transverse connecting channel, unloading the water of the transverse channels, facilitates drainage and eliminates the possible consequences of stagnant water (bacterial contamination, overgrowing, waterlogging of the terrain, creeping of the coastal sides of the canals, etc.). Strengthening and protective barriers with a height of 1-1.5 meters are formed along the channels from the excavated material.

Unlike well-known technical solutions, the proposed method is designed to lower the groundwater level of large areas and is aimed not only at improving the operating conditions of buildings, but also at regulating soil moisture in household plots, large areas of agricultural land, in general, at environmental comfort and protection the natural environment of the populated territories. Well construction in well-known analogues can lead to disruption of the regular directions of groundwater flows and their seasonal dynamics, which will negatively affect the water balance of soils and the living conditions of soil microorganisms. Moreover, each well created will collect groundwater from the immediate vicinity, thereby maintaining their constant level in the territory of the home ownership area, which will lead to the creation of an increased electromagnetic field harmful to human health.

By creating a common drainage network of canals, financial costs and volumes of work are significantly reduced, useful areas of private landowners and the public land fund are preserved. With the removal of the drainage network of canals outside the village, more comfortable climatic and safe environmental conditions are created.

The formation of drainage canal networks on the banks of lowland rivers of the first and second order is proposed.

Example

On the left bank of the second order river Urukh (the left tributary of the Terek River) within the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, there is a settlement - the village of Ozrek. In the outlying, lower part of the village along the river there is a widespread release of groundwater, which leads to flooding of basements, waterlogging of household plots and a high degree of morbidity and mortality. It is proposed that a drainage network be formed on the northern outskirts of the village of 5 channels, transverse to the river, 2-3 meters deep, 500 to 100 meters long (the first canal is 500 m, the second canal is 400 m, the third canal is 300 m, the fourth canal is 200 m , the fifth channel - 100 m). The distance between the channels increases with distance from the outskirts of the village: between the first and second - 100 m, the second and third - 200 m, the third and fourth - 300 m, the fourth and fifth - 400, the fifth and the river bed - 500 m.

Claims (1)

A method of lowering groundwater in a populated area, including digging out drainage channels and draining water from them, characterized in that they create a drainage network of channels for the entire area of the populated area on the lower outskirts of the village to reduce the relief of the coastal zone in which drainage channels are formed with a depth of 2 -3 meters, transverse to the main river bed and parallel to each other at a distance of several hundred meters, and the creation of each subsequent channel is selected using reduced forms of p the relief is closer to the river channel, and the connection of all formed channels is carried out due to the common transverse channel, passing along their edges from the first to the last, sent to the river channel.