RU2248308C2 - Method of transportation and loading of large-sized cargoes into aircraft cabin and unloading from cabin and system for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation; transportation of large-sized and long-cut cargoes from Manufacturer's plant.

SUBSTANCE: transportation of cargoes is performed by means of transportation-transfer unit including truck tractor and semi-trailer; container secured on semi-trailer platform by means of dowel pins and stops is delivered to aircraft ramp at gap of 100-150 mm and semi-trailer is hoisted to one level with cargo floor of aircraft; after sinking the dowel pin, container is loaded into aircraft. System for transportation, loading and unloading cargo containers 1 includes transportation-transfer unit consisting of truck tractor 3 and semi-trailer 2 with jacks; semi-trailer platform is equipped with roller tracks over entire length and baffling units excluding transversal motion of container 1 during its motion on tracks. Mounted on floor of cargo cabin and aircraft ramps 4 are roller beams which form roller track and baffling units together with roller tracks of semi-trailer. Stops mounted on front part of platform are engageable with container. Container bottom has slots for dowel pins fitted on semi-trailer platform along its longitudinal axis; one dowel pin on side of tail part of semi-trailer is sinkable.

EFFECT: reduced loading and unloading time; extended field of application.

5 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport aviation and is intended for the mechanization of technological processes used in the transportation of bulky and long loads from the manufacturer to the dispatch aerodrome and from the dispatch aerodrome to the destination, their loading and unloading from the cargo compartment of the aircraft without the use of cranes.

Delivery of bulky goods, in the absence of waterways, by road and air transport (multimodal transportation) is the most expeditious due to the limited size of goods imposed by rail.

Depending on the technology of automobile transportation, loading cargo into an airplane, and cargo requirements for transportation conditions (mechanical stress, cleanliness, etc.), the composition of the transport equipment changes, which, in general, significantly affects the efficiency of aviation and automobile transportation.

A known method of loading and unloading containers and a system for its implementation (RU, patent No. 2083435, 64 1/22, 64 D 9/00, authors Nedzelsky L.V., Netrebko B.I., Pshenichny A.M. , Anikaev G.L., Vorobyov Yu.V., Golubev Yu.V., Klimov V.T., Sorokin E.M., Applicant Kazan Design Bureau of the JSC A.N. Tupolev Aviation Scientific and Technical Complex ", 1997), used in the aviation industry. Its essence is that large containers are transported on a trailer, and the containers are loaded through a hatch made in the passenger compartment floor by lifting the container to be loaded vertically up to the upper deck level and then moving the container along it to an empty place. The container loading system provides for a platform mounted in the floor of the lower luggage compartment, which, after placement and fixation of the container on it, rises to the level of the cargo compartment floor using an external forklift placed under the fuselage. The actuator rod is connected to the specified platform through an opening in the bottom of the fuselage and is supported by a carriage for perceiving reactions from distortions and deviations.

One of the disadvantages of this method is the limited mass of loaded containers (not more than 20 tons) and their length (less than 10 m). This limits the technological capabilities of this method.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed solution is a method of craneless transshipment and transportation of large-sized products and large-weight products to the aircraft platform and means for its implementation, used in mechanical engineering (RU, patent No. 2142390, B 64 D 9/00, B 65 G 67/00, В 60 Р 1/64, authors Petrishchev V.V., Tolmachev V.I., applicant Closed Joint-Stock Company “Volgo-Dnepr Airlines”, 1999) According to this method, the cargo is first installed on the trailer platform including a power mechanism for under lifting and changing the height of the platform and extendable supports for fixing the platform, the cargo platform with roller devices attached in two rows from below, guide profiles of the W-shaped section with transverse beams of the base attached from below and pull ropes. Elements of the loading platform and cargo are secured with tow cables between each other and to the trailer platform and transported to the airport. The trailer is installed in one axis with the axis of the aircraft, its platform and the elements of the front load of the aircraft are supported on height-adjustable screw supports, then the product is lifted using the trailer's power mechanism to the level of the vehicle platform - the load of the aircraft, and it is fixed with the help of the trailer's retractable supports. After that they set the platform of the trailer with height-adjustable screw supports on the same plane with the elements of the front load gate and the cargo floor of the aircraft at an angle of inclination of 2-3 ° to the horizontal. Then, a track of guide profiles of the W-shaped section is installed on the elements of the front load gate and the cargo floor of the aircraft, equal to the track on the platform of the trailer. Using winches and a tackle system, a cargo platform with an article is transported along the guides to the cargo compartment of the aircraft.

The disadvantages of the method adopted for the prototype are:

high cost, equipment complexity, for example, an additional platform with a power mechanism for lifting and changing its height;

a large number of auxiliary equipment (platform, guide profiles of Ш-shaped section with bottom crossbeams attached to the bottom and cables), which increases the cost and increases the duration of the transportation and loading cycles in the aircraft, and consequently, the aircraft freight time increases, which leads to an increase in transportation costs ;

the need for more careful positioning, as W-shaped guide beams, which are simultaneously fenders, must be continuous (large dimensions of the guide beams);

the need to dock the trailer with the aircraft, and therefore, the need to install the aircraft on jacks not only in the nose of the aircraft, but also in the tail of the aircraft;

the height of the transported cargo decreases due to the height of the additional platform;

uneven loading of the aircraft floor in the case of transportation of long loads.

A prior art device is also known for loading, unloading and transporting large-sized products and large-weight products, mainly in aircraft (RU, patent No. 2107015, 65 G 67/00, 63/02, 69/28, authors Tolmachev V. I., Petrishchev V.V., Fayzzulin A.N., Yuzhikov G.G., applicant - Closed Joint-Stock Company “Volga-Dnepr Airlines”, 1998). The invention relates to aeronautical engineering, in particular to devices for loading, unloading and transporting large-sized products and products of large mass, mainly in aircraft such as the An-124-100 heavy transport aircraft. The device comprises a base (overpass), roller devices for moving cargo and a loading platform, the specified base is metal beams installed in two parallel rows on the floor of the cargo compartment of the aircraft, on which the guide profiles of the W-shaped section are fixedly fixed, while the indicated loading platform consists of interchangeable frames that are mounted with the possibility of installation under the power elements of the transported product, with grooves made in the lower part of the frames, combining the grooves of the guide profiles of the W-shaped section, and the said roller devices are fixedly mounted on the frame and placed in the said grooves with the possibility of forming at least two tracks in each groove of the frame, each of these roller devices consisting of a housing with rollers, which are installed with the possibility of rotation around the middle part of the specified housing.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- a large number of equipment: cranes, flyovers, auxiliary transport equipment, etc .;

- the long duration of the operation, due to the assembly of the flyover and crane transshipment of cargo from the trailer to the flyover (simple aircraft);

- the need to install special devices on the bottom of the load (container), preventing lateral movement of the load when moving along the roller beams;

- high costs;

- low efficiency in serial transportation of the same type of cargo.

An object of the invention is to reduce the time and cost of transportation and transshipment of bulky long loads, mainly containers, into the cargo compartment of an airplane by reducing loading operations, simplifying the design and quantity of transport equipment involved and expanding the range of goods transported.

The technical problem of the method of transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods into the cargo compartment of an aircraft is solved by transporting a container mounted on roller tracks and secured with the help of couplers of the semi-trailer to the aircraft by transporting and handling unit containing the tractor and the trailer, including lifting the semitrailer with jacks on the same plane with the cargo floor of the aircraft and loading the container into the aircraft using the pulley system and the airplane winch and, at the same time, the container is fixed on the platform of the semitrailer using pins and stops, and the transport and handling unit with the container with a gap of 100-150 mm in front of the ramp is set up, fenders are installed on the semitrailer platform, fenders and roller beams on the cargo floor and the ramp aircraft, before loading the container into the plane with the help of winches and the tackle system, select the slack of the cables, remove the ties, insert the pin and, after moving the container, moor it and unload the container from Mallett produced in the reverse order when the container flows downhill under gravity.

The technical task of the system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods into the cargo compartment of the aircraft is solved by the fact that it contains a transport and loading unit, including a tractor and a semi-trailer with jacks, the platform of which is equipped with fenders that prevent lateral movement of the container, roller tracks for the entire length of the semi-trailer and screeds, roller beams located on the floor and stairs of the aircraft, and mooring sockets of the floor of the cargo compartment of the aircraft, and on the front of the platform the stops interacting with the container were prevented to prevent the container from rolling when the semi-trailer was tilted, and grooves were made on the bottom of the container for pins that are mounted on the platform of the semi-trailer along its longitudinal axis, one of which, mounted on the side of the rear of the semi-trailer, is made recessed and on the cargo floor fenders are installed on the plane and the ramp, while the transport and handling unit with the container is installed with a gap of 100-150 mm in front of the ramp, in this case, if a semi-trailer is installed in the tilted position and with the tractor supporting and connecting gear uncoupled, the hitch is mounted between the tractor and the semitrailer, the hitch is mounted between the tractor and the tractor wheels, and for ensuring longitudinal and transverse movements of the semitrailer, the semitrailer jacks are equipped with hydraulic thrust bearings, and the containers have bottoms reinforced in the installation area on roller beams, or equipped with skis for their installation and movement along roller tracks, and surfaces on the sides of containers in their lower part Ensuring the passage of the wheel fenders.

Signs that distinguish this technical solution from the prototype in the known analogues are not found,

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods in the cargo compartment of the aircraft, General view;

figure 2 - part of the system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods in the cargo compartment of the aircraft, the transport and handling unit in position when loading the container into the aircraft;

figure 3 - part of the system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods in the cargo compartment of the aircraft (see remote element III in figure 2);

figure 4 - part of a system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods in the cargo compartment of the aircraft, transport and handling unit, top view;

5 is a part of a system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods into the cargo compartment of an airplane, a handling unit, a cross section;

6 is a part of the system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods in the cargo compartment of the aircraft (see node I in figure 5);

Fig.7 is a part of a system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods in the cargo compartment of an airplane (see remote element II in Fig.1);

Fig - part of a system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods in the cargo compartment of the aircraft, the cross section of the cargo compartment of the aircraft;

Fig. 9 is a part of a system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods into the cargo compartment of an airplane, a locking mechanism for a semitrailer when it is on jacks during loading of a container into an airplane;

figure 10 - part of a system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods in the cargo compartment of the aircraft, the option of loading a container with a narrow bottom on skis to the plane.

11 - part of a system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods in the cargo compartment of the aircraft (see remote element IV in figure 10);

The system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods 1 into the cargo compartment of the aircraft contains a semi-trailer 2 (FIG. 1), a truck tractor 3 (FIG. 1), a transport aircraft 4 (FIG. 1), a support 5 for a ramp (not shown in the drawing) ) of an airplane 4 (FIG. 1), transitional sections 6 (FIG. 1), roller beams 7 for the cargo floor and the ramp of the airplane 4 (FIG. 8), fenders 8 installed on the cargo floor and ramp of the airplane 4 (FIG. .8), winches 9 and standard mooring chains (not shown in the drawing) of aircraft 4 (Fig. 1), devices for locking the transport -peregruzochnogo unit comprising mountain abutments 10 and coupler 11 (Figure 9).

The semi-trailer includes:

- platform 12 of the transport and handling unit (figure 2);

- hydraulic lever - goose 13, which provides the squatting of the semitrailer 2 without undocking from the vehicle tractor 3 and adaptation to the road profile (figure 2);

- jacks 14 with thrust bearings 15 (4 pcs.) for hanging the semi-trailer 2 and precise positioning in front of the ramp 4 during transshipment operations (Fig.9);

- roller tracks 16 (2 pcs.) for the entire length of the platform 12 with an axle distance similar to (multiple) the step of the mooring nests (not shown) on the floor of the aircraft 4-3144 mm (figure 4);

- fenders transport-reloading unit 17, preventing lateral movement of the container 1 when moving along the roller tracks 16 when loading or unloading it from the aircraft 4 (figure 4);

- guiding pins 18 (FIG. 3) for installing the container 1 on the platform 12 of the semi-trailer 2 with cranes and securing the load from Z (transverse) movements;

- safety stops 19 (Fig. 3), preventing the container 1 from rolling along the roller tracks 16 when the semi-trailer 2 is tilted at an angle of 1 ° 40 ’;

- mooring units 20 (figure 3);

- couplers adjustable 21 (figure 3) for mounting the container 1 on the platform 12;

- grooves 22 on the bottom of the container 1 (figure 3);

- the gap 23 between the platform 12 of the transport and handling unit and the ramp of the aircraft 4 (Fig.7);

- skis 24 of the container 1 in the case of transporting a container with a narrow bottom for their installation and movement along the roller tracks 16 of the semi-trailer 2 of the transport and handling unit and the roller beams 7 of the aircraft 4 (figure 10).

The system for transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods in the cargo compartment of the aircraft is as follows.

The cargo with the help of overhead cranes of the factory’s outlet workshop is installed on the roller tracks 16, which are equipped with the platform 12 of the transport and handling unit. For the exact placement of the container 1 on the platform 12 of the transport and handling unit, guiding pins 18 are used, mounted on the platform 12 of the transport and handling unit along its longitudinal axis, one of which, mounted on the side of the rear of the semi-trailer, is made recessed, and the grooves 22 on the bottom of the container 1 (see figure 3).

Roller tracks 16 can be made in the form of rollers installed with a certain step by means of brackets or in the form of roller beams used to load transportation objects into an An 124-100 type 4 aircraft.

To secure the container 1 on the platform 12, length-adjustable screeds 21 and two safety stops 19 are used installed in front of the platform 12 (see Fig. 3).

To exclude the displacement of the container 1 in the transverse direction when moving it along the roller tracks 16 on the lateral surfaces of the platform 12 are installed fenders 17, which are brackets with wheels. Depending on the width of the container 1, the position of the brackets is changed and fixed by struts (see Fig. 4).

Three to four pairs of fender devices 17 provide accurate movement of the container 1 and exclude distortions of the container 1 during the transition from roller tracks 16 of the transport and handling unit to the roller beams 7 of the aircraft 4.

Then the container 1 is transported at the transport and handling unit from the manufacturer to the airfield, positioned with aiming aids, preparation of the transport and handling unit for handling operations. At the same time, aircraft 4 are being prepared for loading container 1:

- installation of aircraft 4 according to marking on a special loading area;

- squatting of aircraft 4 on the front landing gears until a cargo floor slope of 1 ° 40 ’(1 ° 40’-3 °) is obtained;

- under the ladders of the front load carrier in the unfolded state and under the standard bearings of the aircraft 4 in the region of the 20th frame, special supports 5 and two sections-cabinets 6 are installed (see Fig. 7);

- the front cargo ladder ladders are exposed to the plane of the floor of the cargo compartment of the aircraft 4;

- roller beams 7 with a center distance of 3144 mm are installed on the floor of the cargo compartment and the ramp of aircraft 4, and the distance from the tangent to the surface of the roller extreme from the transport and handling unit to the aerodrome coating surface is, for example, 1612 ± 100 mm;

- preparing the tackle system and mooring equipment.

Transport and handling unit with a container 1 (cargo), using markings, string, etc., are positioned in front of the ramp 4 with a gap of 23, for example, 100-150 mm (see Fig.7). The specified gap 23 allows you to not install jacks on the rear of the fuselage of the aircraft 4, as the subsidence of the aircraft 4 during loading of the container 1 is compensated by the corresponding movements of the aircraft 4 along the longitudinal axis. Then, with the help of four jacks 14 of the platform 12, the transport and handling unit is set on the same plane with the floor of the cargo compartment of the aircraft 4. (Control using a laser goniometer and reflectors mounted on the platform of the trailer).

A multi-tackle system is connected to the mooring unit 20 of the container 1, using the winch 9 an interference is created (the slack of the cables is selected).

The couplers are removed, which regulate the 21 fastening of the container 1 to the platform 12 of the transport and handling unit, the tail pin guide 18 is sunk.

The container 1 with the help of winches 9 with a speed of up to 3.5 m / s moves along the roller tracks 16 of the transport and handling unit into the cargo compartment of the aircraft 4, and the fender devices 17 prevent the container 1 from skewing and shifting in the transverse direction. To increase safety and prevent rolling of the container 1 along the roller tracks 16, safety tie-down chains are used, which are fixed in turn to various tie-down units 20 as the container 1 moves along the cargo compartment of the aircraft 4.

After the container 1 has moved to a place defined in accordance with the marking scheme, it is moored in chains.

Unloading the container 1 from the aircraft 4 is carried out in the reverse order, while the winch 9 is used as a brake, because container 1 moves downhill due to gravity. For insurance on the left and right mooring units 20 of the container 1 are installed on one safety chain.

The application of the proposed method of transportation, loading and unloading of containers and systems for its implementation allows you to:

- to provide transportation and loading in an inclined position of the cargo floor of the aircraft and the platform of the transport and handling unit along roller tracks and equipped with fenders of a wide range of containers with a smooth bottom (platform);

- reduce the time for transportation and loading of large containers in the cargo compartment of the aircraft;

- reduce the cost of transportation and loading of large containers in the cargo compartment of the aircraft.

Claims (5)

1. A method of transporting, loading and unloading bulky goods into the cargo compartment of an aircraft, including transporting a transport and handling unit containing a tractor and a semitrailer to an airplane of a container mounted on roller tracks and secured with a coupler of the semitrailer, positioning it on an airplane, including raising the semitrailer using jacks in the same plane with the cargo floor of the aircraft and loading the container into the aircraft using the pulley system and the winch of the aircraft, characterized in that the container EPER is fixed on the platform of the semi-trailer with the help of pins and stops and the transport and handling unit with a container with a gap of 100 - 150 mm in front of the ramp is set up, fenders on the semi-trailer platform, fenders and roller beams on the cargo floor and on the airplane ramp are installed, before loading the container with the help of winches and a tackle system, the slack of cables is removed into the plane, the couplers are removed, the pin is sunk and after moving the container, it is moored and the container is unloaded from the plane out in reverse order with the container driving downhill under gravity. 2. A system for transporting, loading and unloading large containers into the cargo compartment of the aircraft, comprising a transport and handling unit including a tractor and a semi-trailer with jacks, the platform of which is equipped with fenders that prevent lateral movement of the container, roller tracks for the entire length of the semi-trailer and couplers, roller beams located on the floor and stairs of the aircraft, and mooring nests of the floor of the cargo compartment of the aircraft, characterized in that on the front of the platform installed stops acting on the container to prevent the container from rolling when the semi-trailer is tilted, and grooves are made on the bottom of the container for pins that are mounted on the platform of the semi-trailer along its longitudinal axis, one of which, mounted on the side of the rear of the semi-trailer, is made recessed and on the cargo floor and there are fenders installed on the ramp of the aircraft, while the transport and handling unit with the container is installed with a gap of 100-150 mm in front of the ramp. 3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that a hitch is installed between the tractor and the semi-trailer, and mountain stops are placed under the tractor’s wheels. 4. The system according to p. 2 or 3, characterized in that the semitrailer jacks are equipped with thrust bearings with hydraulic drive, providing longitudinal and transverse movements of the semitrailer. 5. The system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the containers have bottoms reinforced in the installation area on the roller beams, or are equipped with skis for their installation and movement along the roller tracks, and surfaces on the sides of the containers in their lower part, providing passage of wheels of fenders.

Images