RU2245424C1 - Fish pass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulic works designed for passing fish spawners through retaining facilities to places of spawning and fattening. Proposed fish contains fish conduit connecting upper and lower ponds of hydraulic works made in form of trough, perforated partitions installed on vertical axles for turning and displacement widthwise the trough by means of drive relative to cross guides provided with slot for displacement of axles of partitions, and swim-in holes formed by extreme vertical end faces of partitions. Perforated partitions are made symmetrical relative to vertical axles and are installed separately in section line of trough for independent displacement in slots of cross guides. Lower guide is made in trough bottom. Perforated partitions can be made with surface and/or bottom swim-in holes.

EFFECT: effective control of modes of fish passing along fish conduit.

7 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and in particular to methods and structures intended for passing fish producers through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

Known fish passage for the passage of fish from the lower tail of the hydraulic system to the upper [1], including the fish passage, made in the form of a tray, perforated transverse partitions installed at an angle to the flow, swimming holes.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of skipping fish in the direction of the upper pool, as well as the complexity of the design of the fish passage.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a fish passage [2], including a fish passage, connecting the upper and lower heads of the hydraulic system, made in the form of a tray, perforated partitions mounted on vertical axes with the possibility of rotation and movement across the width of the tray, through a drive relative to transverse guides having a groove for moving the axes of the partitions and floating holes formed by the extreme vertical ends of the partitions.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of control modes of passage of fish along the fish passage.

The aim of the invention is to create effective conditions for controlling the modes of passage of fish along the fish passage.

The invention consists in the following.

According to claim 1 of the claims. The implementation of the perforated partitions symmetrically with respect to the vertical axes of rotation allows you to get a greater degree of freedom for the partitions and set them in various combinations. In addition, an autonomous installation scheme of partitions improves the conditions of their operation and allows you to quickly change the installation scheme in one transverse section of the fish passage. The presence of bottom guides enables independent rotation of the axes of the partitions.

According to claim 2 of the claims. The implementation of perforated partitions with inlet openings expands the range of influence of partitions and allows the fish to pass into the upper chambers when the live section of the fish passage tray is completely blocked.

According to claim 3 of the claims. The implementation of surface floats increases the likelihood of missing fish living in the surface horizons of the stream.

According to claim 4 of the claims. The implementation of bottom floats increases the likelihood of missing bottom fish species.

According to claim 5, the claims. The combined implementation of swimming holes - surface and bottom, expands the possibilities of partitions for the passage of fish that entered the fish passage.

According to claim 6, claims. The installation of two partitions in one transverse alignment reduces the production time spent on changing their location (angle of rotation) and reduce the operating costs of the drive equipment. The presence of two partitions also allows you to form various combinations of their installation (figure 5).

According to claim 7 of the claims. The implementation of the partitions with a width equal to half the width of the fish passage channel tray allows you to translate the operation mode of the partitions in the case when they completely overlap the cross section of the fish passage channel tray.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of the fish passage for the passage of fish from one head of the hydraulic system to another.

Graphic material that explains the essence of the invention is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 - fish passage, plan, options for installing partitions;

figure 2 is a cross section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is a transverse section bB in figure 1;

figure 4 is a cross section bb in figure 1;

figure 5 - fish passage, plan, installation options for partitions;

6 is a cross section GG in figure 5, the partitions overlap the cross section of the tray and are made with surface and bottom holes;

Fig.7 is a cross section DD in Fig.5, the partitions are half-open and made with surface and bottom holes;

Fig.8 is a transverse section EE in Fig.5, the transverse partitions are half-open and installed at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the fish passage and are made with surface and bottom holes;

Fig.9 - fish passage, plan, installation of partitions;

figure 10 is a transverse section FJ in figure 9;

11 is a fragment of the fish passage, isometry.

The fish passage includes a fish passage path 1 connecting the upper and lower heads of the hydraulic system, made in the form of a tray, perforated partitions 2 mounted on vertical axes 3 with the possibility of rotation and movement along the width of the tray, by means of a drive (not shown) relative to the transverse guides 4 having a groove 5 to move the axles 3 of the partitions 2 and the swimming holes 6 formed by the extreme vertical ends of the partitions 2. The perforated partitions 2 are symmetrical with respect to the vertical axes 3 and installed independently but in the transverse alignment of the tray with the possibility of independent movement in the grooves 5 of the transverse guides 4, and the lower guide is made in the bottom of the tray.

In addition, the perforated partitions 2 can be made with inlet holes.

In addition, the float holes can be made surface 7.

In addition, the float holes can be made bottom 8.

In addition, partitions 2 can be made with surface 7 and bottom 8 inlet openings.

In addition, in one transverse section of the fish passage two partitions 2 can be installed.

In addition, partitions 2 can be made with a width equal to half the width of the tray of the fish passage tract 1.

Fish passage works as follows.

To commission the fish passage, by means of a drive (not shown) along the entire length of the fish passage tract 1, transverse perforated partitions 2 are installed, while the axles 3 are moved in the transverse guides 4 in the grooves 5. Then, the shutter of the power unit (not shown) is lifted to the extreme upper the position, as a result, from the upper pool, the estimated water flow is supplied, which is passed through the fish passage path 1, while normal hydraulic conditions for the passage of fish are created inside the path 1 (Fig. 1), by forming vertical wash holes 6. At the same time, from the downstream side, the estimated ox flow forms a “trail” of speeds that attracts the fish, focusing on which, the fish enters the fish passage 1. To improve the hydraulic conditions inside the fish passage 1, partitions 2 are made with perforation holes 9 (Fig. 11), which allows a larger flow rate of water to be passed through the fish passage and, accordingly, to form effective conditions in the downstream for attracting fish to the fish passage 1, as well as to form uniform filtration across the whole and the fish pass tray.

To improve the passage of fish from one chamber of the fish passage to another chamber, the perforated partitions 2 can be made with surface 7 and / or bottom 8 inlet openings (Figs. 4, 6, 7, 8, and 10). A variant of the combined use of swimming holes (for example, figure 10 and 11), which allows for simultaneous and efficient passage of fish living in different horizons of the stream.

The design of the partitions 2 allows you to set them in various combinations:

- with one inlet hole located along the longitudinal axis of the fish passage;

- with two lateral and central swimming inlets;

- a completely overlapped cross section of the fish passage tray and bottom 8 and / or surface 7 inlet openings made on the perforated surface of the partitions 2.

Depending on the type of fish entering the fish passageway 1 (living in the bottom or surface horizons of the stream), appropriate installation options for partitions 2 are set and, accordingly, favorable hydraulic conditions are formed (speed mode and planned speed diagram), both in width and in along the length of the fish passage 1.

The proposed fish passage allows you to create effective hydraulic conditions in the fish passage path for moving fish into the upper pool, by changing both the layout and the angle of rotation of the partitions. In addition, its design allows you to quickly manage its operation modes. which is especially important under conditions of exploitation during the period of mass migration of fish that spawn, as the main elements of the fish passage take into account the biological characteristics of the object of the pass.

Sources of information

1. A.S. USSR No. 1592435 (USSR). IPC E 02 B 8/08 "Fish passage". Authors: A.A. Chistyakov, V.N. Shkura, V.A. Cherkasov and I.I. Parulava. Publ. 1990. B.I. Number 34.

2. RF patent №2022097. IPC E 02 B 8/08 "Fish passage". Authors: A.A. Chistyakov and V.N. Shkura. Publ. 1994. B.I. No. 20.

Claims (7)

1. A fish passage, including a fish passage, connecting the upper and lower heads of the hydraulic system, made in the form of a tray, perforated partitions mounted on vertical axes with the possibility of rotation and movement along the width of the tray by means of a drive relative to transverse guides having a groove for moving the axes of the partitions, and floating holes formed by the extreme vertical ends of the partitions, characterized in that the perforated partitions are symmetrical with respect to the vertical axes and automatic it is possible in the transverse alignment of the tray with the possibility of independent movement in the grooves of the transverse guides, the lower guide being made in the bottom of the tray. 2. Fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated partitions are made with float holes. 3. The fish passage according to claim 2, characterized in that the float holes are made surface. 4. The fish passage according to claim 2, characterized in that the float holes are made bottom. 5. Fish passage according to claim 2, characterized in that the partitions are made with surface and bottom swimming inlets. 6. Fish passage according to any one of paragraphs. 1 to 5, characterized in that in one transverse section of the fish passage two partitions are installed. 7. Fish passage according to claim 6, characterized in that the partitions are made with a width equal to half the width of the fish passage channel tray.

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