RU2308569C1 - Fish pass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic structures, particularly permitting fish passage through support structures to fish hatchery and growth areas.

SUBSTANCE: fish pass comprises fish-passing canal, which connects upper and lower pools, as well as inlet head made as hollow cylinder with rotary gutters of rectangular cross-sections. The rotary gutters may rotate in horizontal plane about hollow cylinder axis by means of drive. Rotary gutter bottoms are connected with guiding means, which are radial to cylinder having walls of corrugated material. The corrugated material is placed in gaps between rotary gutter outlets and fish-passing canal inlet. Upper and lower edges of corrugated material are secured to annular guiding means. Outer edges thereof are connected to side walls of rotary gutters and fish-passing canal. Rotary gutter width is less than that of fish-passing canal. Fish-pass has additional feeding unit connecting hollow cylinder interior with upper pool through supply waterway. Supply waterway end is coaxial to hollow cylinder and closed with grid. Outlet orifice of additional feeding unit is provided with deflector, which is coaxial thereto and having concave surface facing additional feeding block. Deflector and hollow cylinder bottom define slot-like orifice extending along outer deflector edge perimeter.

EFFECT: improved conditions for fish attraction from lower pool.

5 cl, 21 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and in particular to methods and structures intended for passing fish producers through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

Known fish passage [1], including a fish passage with transverse baffles having apertures, an outlet head arranged in the upper pool, and an inlet head having independent autonomous heads made in the form of trays equipped with gates and located in the plan at different angles with respect to to the longitudinal axis of the downstream flow.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of attracting fish to the fish passage.

Known fish passage [2], including a fish passage, connecting the lower and upper ponds, an input head with a rotary tray formed by vertical side walls, which can be rotated by means of a drive in a horizontal plane relative to the longitudinal axis of the fish passage.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of attracting fish to the fish passage.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a fish passage [3], including a fish passage, connecting the lower and upper ponds, an input head made in the form of a hollow cylinder with rotary trays with a rectangular cross-section, which can be rotated by means of a drive in a horizontal plane relative to the axis a hollow cylinder, the bottom of the pivoting trays connected to the guides located radially to the cylinder, and the cylinder walls are made of corrugated material, located beneath the gaps between the exits of the rotary trays and the entrance to the fish passage path, the corrugated material being fixed with its lower and upper edges on the annular guides, and with the outer end edges with the side walls of the rotary trays and the fish passage, the width of the rotary trays being less than the width fish passage tract.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the insufficiently efficient allocation of the stream to attract fish from the lower pool.

The aim of the invention is to create effective conditions for attracting fish from the downstream.

The invention consists in the following.

According to claim 1 of the claims. Providing the fish passage with an additional power supply unit connecting the inlet space of the hollow cylinder with the upper pool allows an additional flow rate of water to be supplied to the inlet head. Due to this, the attracting fish flow is better allocated against the background of the search zone, and the speed of the attracting flow increases.

The execution of the end part of the inlet conduit coaxially with the hollow cylinder of the inlet head is the most optimal layout option.

The presence of a lattice in the end part of the inlet conduit extinguishes part of the energy of the additional flow rate and stabilizes the conditions for its exit to the inlet head.

The supply of the outlet of the additional power supply unit with a deflector made coaxially with the concave surface facing it allows the concave surface to be used to quench the kinetic energy of the flow and for its uniform distribution inside the hollow cylinder.

The formation of a slit hole with the deflector and the bottom of the hollow cylinder along the entire circumference of the outer edge of the deflector allows you to create the optimal shape of the water outlet.

According to claim 2 of the claims. The implementation of the input head with sector gates allows, depending on the operating mode of the fish passage and the hydraulic conditions of the downstream, to quickly manage the working flow pass without additional labor costs for changing the layout of the rotary trays.

According to claim 3 of the claims. The implementation of the corrugated material in the form of metal-plastic plates increases the reliability of the cylinder wall.

According to claim 4 of the claims. The implementation of the track roller with a vertical axis of rotation, located under the bottom of the swivel tray from the side of the base of the cylinder, allows you to create a stop-hinge, perceiving the load from the tray, and also increases the efficiency of rotation of the tray relative to the vertical axis of the input head.

According to claim 5, the claims. The perforated deflector surface can not only improve the conditions for quenching the kinetic energy of the additional flow, but also provides a more uniform distribution of the additional flow inside the hollow cylinder of the inlet head.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of the fish passage, which allows to increase the efficiency of attracting fish from the downstream due to an increase in the volume of attracting consumption. Graphic material that explains the essence of the invention is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 - input tip, side view;

figure 2 - input tip, isometry;

figure 3 - input tip, plan;

figure 4 - section aa in figure 3;

5 is the same, an embodiment of a perforated deflector;

6 is an input tip, a plan, a variant with a sector shutter;

Fig.7 is the same, the option of attracting to one tray;

Fig - the same, the attraction in the other direction;

Fig.9 - input tip, a variant with a sector shutter, isometry;

figure 10 is a section bB in figure 6;

11 is the same, an option when the deflector is made perforated;

Fig - construction of a sector shutter, a longitudinal section;

Fig - input tip, plan, enlarged fragment;

Fig.14 is the same, an option with sector shutters;

Fig is a fragment of a longitudinal section of the input tip;

Fig.16 is a view In Fig.15;

Fig is a fragment of the wall of a hollow cylinder made of corrugated material;

Fig. 18 is an example of a layout of a spiral fish passage with the proposed inlet tip, isometry;

Fig - an example of the layout of the fish passage with the proposed input tip in the hydroelectric structure, plan;

Fig.20, 21 - the same options;

The fish passage includes a fish passage path 1 connecting the lower 2 and upper 3 downstream channels, an inlet head 4 made in the form of a hollow cylinder 5 with rotary trays 6 with a rectangular cross-section, which can be rotated by a drive (not shown) in a horizontal plane relative to the axis of the hollow cylinder 5 wherein the bottom of the rotary trays 6 is connected with guides 7 arranged radially to the cylinder 5, and the walls of the cylinder 5 are made of corrugated material 8 located in the gaps between the outputs of the rotary trays 6 and the entrance to the fish passage tract 1, while the corrugated material 8 is fixed with its lower and upper edges on the annular guides 9, and the outer end edges with the side walls of the rotary trays 6 and the fish passage 1, and the width of the rotary trays 6 is made smaller than the width fish passage 1.

The fish passage is equipped with an additional power supply unit connecting the internal space of the hollow cylinder 5 with the upper 3 downstream channel 10, while the end part of the water supply pipe 10 is aligned with the hollow cylinder 5 and is blocked by the grill 11, and the outlet of the additional power unit is equipped with a deflector 12 made aligned with it and facing it with a concave surface, and the deflector 12 and the bottom of the hollow cylinder 5 form a slit hole 13 along the entire circumference of the outer edge of the deflector 12.

In addition, the input tip 4 may be provided with sectorial gates 14, the axis of rotation of which is made coaxially with the axis of rotation of the rotary trays 6, while rollers 15 are made along the perimeter of the lower edge of the gates 14.

In addition, the corrugated material 8 can be made in the form of metal-plastic plates.

In addition, the bottom of the rotary trays 6 from the side of the base of the cylinder 5 can be performed with track rollers 16 with a vertical axis of rotation.

In addition, the surface of the deflector 12 can be perforated.

The fish passage tract 1 has transverse baffles 17 having inlet holes 18. The exit tip 19 of the fish passage is located in the upper pool 3 of the dam 20.

Fish passage works as follows.

The operation service submits a working water flow rate, which creates favorable hydraulic conditions for attracting fish to the inlet head 4 against the background of the downstream stream 2. The “loop” of speeds attracting the fish is formed due to the flows created by the rotary trays 6. The working flow comes from the upper pool 3, flowing through the fish passage path 1 and the inlet openings 18 made in the transverse partitions 17. To increase the power of the “loop” of speeds that attract the fish, an additional flow of water is supplied to the hollow cylinder 5, s from the supply water conduit 10, an additional power supply. Even distribution of this flow rate is ensured by the grill 11, the deflector 12 and the slotted hole 13.

The fish, being guided by the attracting flow created by the rotary trays 6 (Fig. 2), enters the inlet head 4 and then into the fish passage 1 and gradually, overcoming the swimming holes 18, reaches the outlet head 19 of the fish passage 1, where it goes into the upper pool 3 .

The rotary attracting trays 6 by means of a drive (not shown) have the ability to rotate relative to the axis of the hollow cylinder 5 and, depending on the ichthyological situation in the lower pool 2, are installed at different angles to the longitudinal axis of the fish passage tract 1.

Possible operation of the fish passage, when the hollow cylinder 5 is equipped with sectorial valves 14 (Fig.6, 7, 8, 9). The shutters 14 allow you to overlap the live section of the trays 6, thereby the working flow is redistributed into the remaining open trays 6. This moment makes it possible to enhance the effect of the attracting fish "loop" by adjusting the speed in the input head 4, and adjust it depending on the swimming ability of migrants concentrated in the downstream 2.

The design of the input head 4, which includes rotary attracting trays 6, can be used for various types of fish passages (Figs. 18, 19, 20 and 21), as well as for various layout of fish passages in the downstream 2 of the waterworks.

The implementation of the corrugated material 8 in the form of metal-plastic plates increases the reliability of the walls of the hollow cylinder 5 (Fig.17).

The implementation of the track rollers 16 with a vertical axis of rotation, placed under the bottom of the rotary trays 6 from the base side of the hollow cylinder 5, allows you to create a stop-hinge, perceiving the load from the trays 6, and also increases the efficiency of rotation of the tray 6 relative to the vertical axis of the input head 4.

The execution of the surface of the deflector 12 perforated (figure 5, 11) not only improves the conditions for damping the kinetic energy of the additional flow, but also provides a more uniform distribution of the additional flow inside the hollow cylinder 5 of the inlet head 4.

The proposed fish passage allows you to maximize the efficiency of attracting fish from the downstream due to the design of its inlet head, which consists of several (three) autonomous fishing trays, setting them at different angles with respect to the downstream flow, achieve the attraction of fish from places with its maximum concentration.

Information sources

1. Skin V.N. "Fish gateways and fish lifts." - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1990. - p. 23, Fig. 10.

2. A.S. USSR (SU) No. 1703781. "Method for passing fish through a retaining structure and device for its implementation." IPC Е02В 8/08. Authors: Shkura VN, Chistyakov AA and Cherkasov V.A. Publ. Bull. No. 1, 1992.01.07.

3. Patent of the Russian Federation (RU) No. 2262571. "Fish passage". IPC Е02В 8/08. Authors: Chistyakov A.A., Shkura V.N. Publ. Bull. No. 29, 2005.10.20.

Claims (5)

1. A fish passage, including a fish passage, connecting the lower and upper ponds, an input head made in the form of a hollow cylinder with rotary trays with rectangular cross-section, which can be rotated by means of a drive in a horizontal plane relative to the axis of the hollow cylinder, while the bottom of the rotary trays is connected to guides located radially to the cylinder, and the cylinder walls are made of corrugated material located in the gaps between the outputs of the rotary trays and the entrance to the fish passage the path, the corrugated material being fixed with its lower and upper edges on the annular guides, and with the outer end edges on the side walls of the rotary trays and the fish passage, the width of the rotary trays being smaller than the width of the fish passage, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional unit supply connecting the inlet conduit to the interior of the hollow cylinder with the upstream, while the end part of the inlet conduit is made coaxially to the hollow cylinder and is overlapped by a grill, and ypusknoe aperture additional power unit is provided with a deflector formed coaxially to it and facing it the concave surface, wherein the deflector and the bottom of the hollow cylinder form the slot opening along the entire circumference of the outer edge of the deflector. 2. The fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that the input tip is equipped with sector gates, the axis of rotation of which is made coaxially with the axis of rotation of the rotary trays, while rollers are made along the perimeter of the lower edge of the gates. 3. Fish passage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the corrugated material is made in the form of metal-plastic plates. 4. Fish passage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bottom of the rotary trays from the side of the base of the cylinder is made with track rollers with a vertical axis of rotation. 5. The fish passage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surface of the deflector is perforated.

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