RU2280731C1 - Intake fish pass head (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic building, particularly fish pass structures permitting fish passage through support structures to fish hatchery and growth areas.

SUBSTANCE: intake head comprises fish passing canal communicated to lower pool of hydrosystem and connecting upper and lower hydrosystem pools. Intake head also comprises fish guiding means made as stream-training wall adjoining intake head wall, which is outermost in fish movement direction. The stream-training wall is installed in lower pool bed and extends at an angle to water flow direction in the bed and in intake head so that the wall may be rotated around vertical axis by means of drive. The axis adjoins intake head wall, which is outermost to fish movement direction. The stream-training wall comprises several layers. Each layer is provided with independent drive. Stream-guiding wall has flow stabilizing means arranged in horizontal plane. The stabilizing means are connected to lower end part of upper stream-training wall layer. The stabilizing means define segment in plan view. Intake head made in accordance with the second embodiment comprises upper layer of stream-training wall provided with flow stabilizing means. The flow stabilizing means is arranged in horizontal plane and defines segment in plan view. Central part of stabilizing means is fastened to lower end part of upper stream-training means.

EFFECT: provision of hydraulic fish-attracting conditions in intake fish pass head.

7 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to fish passage facilities designed to allow fish producers to pass through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

Known fish passage [1], including the input head and fish guide walls that interface the input head with the channel of the downstream.

The disadvantage of this structure is the low efficiency of the control attracting fish flow.

Known input tip of the fish passage [2], including a section of the fish passage connecting with the upper and lower pools of the hydraulic system that mates with the lower pool of the hydraulic system.

The disadvantage of this structure is the low efficiency of the control attracting fish flow.

Known input tip of the fish passage structure [3], including a water supply path made in the form of a channel, the head of which is equipped with a fish guide device in the form of a louvre system connected to the drive.

The disadvantage of this structure is the complexity of this structure.

Known input head of the fish passage structure [4], including a water supply path made in the form of a channel, the head of which is equipped with a fish-guiding device in the form of a louvre system connected to the drive, while the blinds are made in tiers.

The disadvantage of this structure is the complexity of this structure.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the input tip of the fish passage [5], which includes a section of the fish passage connecting to the upper pool of the hydraulic system connecting the upper and lower pools of the hydraulic system, and a fish-guiding device in the form of a directional wall adjacent to the wall of the input shaft far from the direction of movement of the fish while the flow guide wall is installed in the channel of the downstream at an angle to the direction of the flow of water in the channel and in the inlet head.

The disadvantage of this structure is the low efficiency of the control attracting fish flow.

The aim of the invention is the creation of effective hydraulic conditions in the inlet head of the fish passage.

The invention consists in the following. According to claim 1 of the claims. The execution of the directional wall with the possibility of rotation relative to the vertical axis allows under the conditions of changing the discharge mode of flow through the dam, as well as in the case of fluctuations in the water level in the downstream (the flow velocity structure changes), to form the optimal external boundary of the fish attracting flow formed in the input zone tip. With an increase in the angle of installation of the guide wall with respect to the longitudinal axis of the fish passage tract, the coordinates of the external boundary of the attracting fish stream increase, while the width and range of propagation of the attracting stream increases.

The implementation of the directional wall of the longline, for example in two tiers, allows you to effectively manage the boundaries of the surface and bottom horizons of the watercourse. In this case, independent formation of the external borders of the above horizons is possible, which is greatly facilitated by the availability of autonomous drives.

The implementation of the flow guide wall with flow stabilizers, while the stabilizers are located in a horizontal plane and are fixed from the upstream side, to the lower end part of the upper tier of the flow guide wall and to the upper end part of the lower tier of the flow guide wall, and the stabilizers, in plan, have the shape of a segment, which allows with independent rotation of the upper and lower tiers relative to each other, provide shielding of the transit stream of the river channel from the stream fed directly to the entrance oh well head fish ladder. In addition, this arrangement does not allow migrants to penetrate through the directional wall (s) in the direction of the upper pool. In addition, the stabilizers also perform a flow-forming function, separating the surface and bottom horizons of the transit flow discharged from the dam side.

According to claim 2 of the claims. Performing the height of the upper tier of the directional wall is less than the height of the lower tier of the directional wall allows you to deepen its upper face under the water level and to form an overflow of part of the transit flow, while an additional stream attracting fish is fed into the inlet of the fish passage. The velocities on the formed spillway are insurmountable for migrants, since the directional wall in interaction with the transit stream of the river creates an additional backwater level, and at the place of installation of the wall, the effect of the velocity head is especially effective.

According to claim 3 of the claims. The vertical end part of the flow guide wall from the upstream side, equipped with a turbulator, while the pressure plane of the turbulator is perpendicular to the plane of the guide wall, allows the formation of a hydrodynamic field along the outer boundary of the flow of fish attracting. Thus, the external boundary of the attracting stream scares off migrants and does not allow them to leave the attracting stream and go towards the spillway dam. The perpendicular execution of the pressure plane of the turbulator relative to the plane of the jet guide wall allows us to form the maximum resistance to the transit flow and, accordingly, the spectrum of turbulent pulsations with maximum intensity.

According to claim 4 of the claims. The implementation of the turbulator in the form of a solid partition is a special case of its execution. With this option, turbulent fluctuations with a maximum frequency spectrum are formed, which scare away the fish and prevent it from moving in the direction of the spillway front.

According to claim 5, claims. The implementation of the turbulator in the form of discretely installed elements makes it possible to increase and expand their frequency spectrum while reducing the intensity of turbulent pulsations.

According to claim 6, claims. The implementation of the vertical end part of the flow guide wall from the upstream side, equipped with flexible elastic bands cantileverly fixed to its vertical end part, allows you to create a filter fish-repelling screen, which is a logical continuation of the flow guide wall. Flexible elastic bands under the influence of the transit stream of the river are constantly in a dynamic state, while the stream makes them oscillate both in horizontal and vertical planes.

According to claim 7 of the claims (option). The implementation of the flow guide wall of the upper tier with a flow stabilizer, while the stabilizer is located in a horizontal plane and is fixed in its central part to the lower end part of the flow guide wall of the upper tier, and the stabilizer is in the form of a segment in plan, allows simplifying the design of the stabilizer. At the same time, the presence of one stabilizer allows you to create a screen for the transit stream and to separate it from the stream flowing from the alignment of the input head of the fish passage. When the upper tier wall is rotated (clockwise or counterclockwise), the stabilizer plane and the upper horizontal edge of the lower tier guide wall in a given range of angles provide shielding of the transit stream and the stream coming from the fish passage. Location of the stabilizer in a horizontal plane creates minimal resistance to transit flow. The segment shape in plan is the most optimal for this arrangement and also provides shielding of two streams.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of the input head of the fish passage and its variant. Graphic material that explains the essence of the invention is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 - fish passage, plan;

figure 2 - input tip, isometry;

figure 3 - flow guide wall, top view;

4 is a view a in figure 3;

5 is the same, the walls of the upper and lower tiers are installed at different angles;

6 - the walls of the upper and lower tiers are installed at a minimum angle to the longitudinal axis of the input head;

7 is a variant of the installation of the walls of the upper tier at a minimum angle, and the walls of the lower tier at a maximum angle;

Fig. 8 is a variant of the inlet head with the formation of a spillway face through the upper face of the upper tier wall, and an additional power unit is formed in the surface horizon of the flow, isometry;

Fig.9 is a cross section of a flow guide wall in the case of its operation as a surface spillway;

figure 10 is a variant of the guide wall provided with a turbulator made in the form of a solid partition, plan;

11 is a variant of the flow guide wall provided with a turbulator made in the form of a solid partition, isometry;

12 is an embodiment of a flow guide wall provided with a turbulator made in the form of discrete elements, isometry;

Fig. 13 is an embodiment of a flow guide wall provided with a turbulator made in the form of flexible elastic tapes, isometry;

Fig. 14 is an embodiment of a flow guide wall equipped with one segment stabilizer in plan, shape, plan;

Fig is the same, isometry;

Fig - hydraulic structure of the flow in the zone of influence of the input tip of the fish passage, plan.

The input tip of the fish passage includes a section of the fish passage 2, which is connected with the lower pool 1 of the hydraulic system, connecting the upper 3 and lower 1 of the hydraulic pipe pool, a fish guide 4 in the form of a guide wall 5 adjacent to the far end wall of the input head 6, while the guide wall 5 installed in the channel of the lower 1 pool at an angle to the direction of the flow of water in the channel and in the inlet head 6. The guide wall 5 is mounted for rotation, by means of a drive (not shown), relative to rtikalnoy axis 7, adjacent to the downstream wall of fish movement input tip 6. Struenapravlyayuschaya wall 5 is tiered, each tier - upper 8 and lower 9 may be provided with an independent drive. The flow guide wall 5 is made with flow stabilizers 10, while the stabilizers 10 are located in a horizontal plane and are fixed from the top 3 of the downstream side to the lower end part of the upper 8 tier of the flow guide wall 5 and to the upper end part of the lower 9 tier of the flow guide wall 5, and the stabilizers 10, in plan, have the form of a segment.

In addition, the height of the upper 8 tier of the flow guide wall 5 may be less than the height of the lower 9 tier of the flow guide wall 5, while its upper face is flooded under the water level of the channel of the lower 1 pool.

In addition, the vertical end part of the flow guide wall 5 from the side of the upper 3 downstream may be provided with a turbulator 11, while the pressure plane of the turbulator 11 is made perpendicular to the plane of the flow guide wall 5.

In addition, the turbulator 11 can be made in the form of a solid partition 12.

In addition, the turbulator 11 can be made in the form of discretely installed elements 13.

In addition, the vertical end part of the flow guide wall 5 from the side of the upper 3 downstream can be equipped with flexible elastic bands 14, cantileverly fixed to the vertical end part of the flow guide wall 5.

In addition, the flow guide wall 5 of the upper 8 tier can be made with a flow stabilizer 10, while the stabilizer 10 is located in a horizontal plane and is fixed in its central part to the lower end part of the upper 8 tier of the flow guide wall 5, and the stabilizer 10 has a segment shape in plan .

Fish passage tract 2 is equipped with an outlet tip 15, arranged in the alignment of the dam 16.

The input tip of the fish passage works as follows.

The fish attracted from the lower 1 pool to the inlet head 6, enters the fish passage 2, where it gradually overcomes the partitions with swimming holes and moves towards the upper 3 pool head of the waterworks, goes to the outlet head 15 and then to the reservoir. Efficient hydraulic conditions for attracting fish from the lower 1 downstream is provided by the fish guide 4, made in the form of a directing wall 5. Thanks to the installation of the directing wall 5 on the axis of rotation 7, the fish passage operation service has the ability to change the mode of attracting fish from the search zone of the lower 1 downstream of the hydraulic system. Taking into account the mode of discharge flow through the dam 16, as well as taking into account the general hydrological and hydraulic situation in the water area of the lower 1 pool, the boundaries of the flow of fish attracting fish can be changed. By means of a drive, the flow guide wall 5 is set at a predetermined angle with respect to the transit flow vector (FIG. 1). In this case, both the external boundary of the stream attracting the fish and the hydraulic structure are formed directly in the zone of influence of the inlet head 6, which is characterized by whirlpool areas with lower values of the water flow velocity. When the external environmental conditions change, the installation angle of the jet guide wall 5 changes again.

Thanks to the execution of the fish guide device 4 in the form of two tiers - the upper 8 and the lower 9, forming a directing wall 5 (figure 2), the possibilities for controlling the behavior of fish are expanded. To rotate each tier 8 or 9 of the jet guide wall 5, an autonomous drive is used, setting them at predetermined angles (FIGS. 5, 6 and 7). This arrangement allows you to transform the hydraulic structure of the water stream, highlighting the external boundaries of the surface and bottom horizons of the stream, which creates effective conditions for attracting fish living in them.

To improve the efficiency of the conditions for distinguishing the external borders of the flow attracting fish, the tiers 8 and 9 of the jet guide wall 5 are equipped with flow stabilizers 10 (Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). Flow stabilizers 10 located in a horizontal plane provide directional movement of water masses in the surface and bottom horizons. In addition, they prevent the gap in the continuity of the screen created by the tiers 8 and 9 of the guide wall 5.

A possible embodiment of the flow guide wall 5 with the flooded upper face of the tier 8, while part of the transit stream enters directly into the inlet head 6 and serves as an additional power supply (Figs. 8 and 9).

A possible embodiment of the flow guide wall 5 with a turbulator 11, made on its vertical end part 5, from the side of the upper 3 downstream. In this case, the pressure plane of the turbulator 11 is made perpendicular to the pressure plane of the flow guide wall 5 (FIGS. 10 and 11). The presence of a turbulizer 11 allows the formation of a hydrodynamic field along the outer boundary of the attracting fish stream. Thus, the external boundary of the attracting flow scares off the migrants and does not allow them to leave the attracting stream and go to the side of the spillway dam 16. The perpendicular execution of the plane of the turbulator 11 relative to the pressure plane of the directional wall 5 allows us to form the maximum resistance to the transit flow and, accordingly, the spectrum of turbulent pulsations with the maximum intensity.

The turbulizer 11 can be made in the form of a solid partition 12 (Fig.11) or in the form of discrete placed elements 13 (Fig.12). In the second embodiment, the implementation of the turbulator 11 in the form of discretely installed elements 13 allows to reduce their frequency spectrum while reducing the intensity of turbulent pulsations.

A possible embodiment of the jet guide wall 5 and tiers 8 and 9 with flexible elastic bands 14 (Fig. 13), fixed to its vertical end part, allows you to create a filter fish repellent screen, which is a logical continuation of the jet guide wall 5. Flexible elastic bands 14 under the influence of transit flow rivers are constantly in a dynamic state, while the flow makes them fluctuate both in horizontal and vertical planes.

A possible embodiment of the flow guide wall 5 and tiers 8 and 9 with one flow stabilizer 10 (Figs. 14, 15 and 16), while the stabilizer 10 is located in a horizontal plane and is fixed in its central part to the lower end part of the flow guide wall 5 of the upper tier 8 moreover, the stabilizer 10 in the plan has the shape of a segment, which simplifies the design of the stabilizer 10. At the same time, the presence of one flow stabilizer 10 allows you to create a screen for the transit stream and to separate it from the stream flowing from ora input tip 6 fish ladder. When the wall of the upper tier 8 is rotated (clockwise or counterclockwise), the plane of the flow stabilizer 10 and the upper horizontal edge of the flow guide wall 5 of the lower tier 9 in a given range of angles provide shielding of the transit stream and the stream coming from the fish passage. The location of the stabilizer 10 flow in the horizontal plane creates minimal resistance to transit flow. The segment shape in plan is the most optimal for this arrangement and also provides shielding of two streams.

Information sources

1. US patent No. 2978873, "Fishway structure", IPC E 02 B 8/08, J.M. Wardle, 1961, April 11.

2. Kharchev G.K. Fishery facilities. Leningrad-Moscow, Gosstroyizdat. 1940, p. 151-152, fig. 111.

3. A.S. USSR No. 1703781, "Method for attracting fish to a fish passage and head of a fish passage", IPC E 02 B 8/08, V.N. Shkura, A.A. Chistyakov, V. A. Cherkasov. BI No. 1, 1992.

4. A.S. USSR No. 1767081, "A method for attracting fish to a fish passage and the head of a fish passage", IPC E 02 B 8/08, A.A. Chistyakov, V.N. Shkura, V.A. Cherkasov. BI No. 37, 1992.

5. A.S. USSR No. 1788137, "Entrance head of the fish passage structure", IPC E 02 B 8/08, A.V. Ivanov. BI No. 2, 1993.

Claims (7)

1. The inlet head of the fish passage, including the section of the fish passage connecting with the upper and lower ends of the hydraulic system connecting the upper and the downstream ends of the hydraulic system, the fish guide device in the form of a directional wall adjacent to the far end wall of the inlet head, while the directional wall is installed in the lower channel at an angle to the direction of water flow in the channel and in the inlet head, characterized in that the flow guide wall is rotatably mounted by means of a drive relative to the vertical axis adjacent to the farthest in the direction of the fish wall of the inlet head is made tiered, each tier is equipped with an independent drive, in addition, the directional wall is made with flow stabilizers, while the stabilizers are located in a horizontal plane and are fixed from the upstream side to the lower end part of the upper tier of the flow guide wall and to the upper end part of the lower tier of the flow guide wall, and the stabilizers in plan have a segment shape. 2. The heading of claim 1, characterized in that the height of the upper tier of the directional wall is less than the height of the lower tier of the directional wall, while its upper face is flooded under the water level of the downstream channel. 3. The head according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vertical end part of the flow guide wall from the upstream side is provided with a turbulator, while the pressure plane of the turbulator is perpendicular to the plane of the guide wall. 4. The head according to claim 3, characterized in that the turbulator is made in the form of a solid partition. 5. The head according to claim 3, characterized in that the turbulator is made in the form of discretely installed elements. 6. The head according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical end part of the flow guide wall from the upstream side is provided with flexible elastic bands cantileverly fixed to the vertical end part of the flow guide wall. 7. The inlet head of the fish passage, including the section of the fish passage connecting with the upper and lower ends of the hydraulic system connecting the upper and the downstream ends of the hydraulic system, a fish-guiding device in the form of a directional wall adjacent to the far end wall of the inlet head, while the directional wall is installed in the lower channel at an angle to the direction of water flow in the channel and in the inlet head, characterized in that the flow guide wall is rotatably mounted by means of a drive relative to the vertical axis adjacent to the far in the direction of the fish wall of the inlet head, and made longline, each tier is equipped with an independent drive, in addition, the upper tier of the directional wall is made with a flow stabilizer, while the stabilizer is located in a horizontal plane and is fixed in its central parts to the lower end part of the upper tier of the guide wall, and the stabilizer in plan has the shape of a segment.

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