RU2245024C2 - Greenhouse for growing of plants with low content of carbon 14 isotope - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: greenhouse has vented space, apparatus for removal of carbonic acid gas from atmospheric air and carbonic acid gas generator for generating of carbonic acid gas with low content of carbon 14 isotope. Temperature mode inside greenhouse is reliably maintained by air conditioning and by employment of shock resistant light-transmitting covering tending to retain infrared heat energy. Self-cleaning of light-transmitting covering is provided by means of oxide coating. Sealing capacity of greenhouse is not affected by passage of personnel and equipment therein owing to employment of double door, wherein doors are mutually blocked. Soil air drainage is used for preventing gaseous carbonaceous soil decomposition products from getting into inner atmosphere of greenhouse. Intensified ripening of plants is enabled by addition of ethylene into inner atmosphere of greenhouse.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and simplified construction.

14 cl, 1 ex

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to devices for growing plants in greenhouses, and is intended for growing plants with a low content of carbon isotope 14.

BACKGROUND

Known greenhouse for growing plants with a low content of carbon isotope 14 according to US patent No. 5956896, class. U.S. 47 / 58.1, IPC A 01 G 007/02. The greenhouse (“apparatus for growing plants” according to claim 9) contains a ventilated structure with an internal space, a device for removing carbon dioxide from the surrounding air, a carbon dioxide generator with a low concentration of carbon isotope 14.

The system works as follows: to maintain a low carbon isotope 14 content in the atmosphere of the greenhouse, the internal space of the greenhouse is sealed from ambient air, the internal air is replenished by supplying external air that has gone through two stages of preparation: at the first stage, atmospheric carbon dioxide is removed using a carbon dioxide absorption device gas, in the second stage carbon dioxide with a low carbon isotope content 14 is added to this air.

The disadvantages of the known greenhouse are the lack of a system for regulating the temperature of the internal air, the lack of a system for maintaining tightness when personnel and equipment are allowed inside the greenhouse, and the absence of a system for removing carbon dioxide from the soil.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is the provision of growing plants in strictly controlled conditions of the air environment, in particular in the air environment with a low content of carbon isotope 14.

Ordinary greenhouses are used to grow certain types of plants that cannot be grown in the open ground of a given area or in a certain season of the year.

The proposed greenhouse is used for growing plants not according to the climatic conditions of the terrain, therefore, for economic reasons, it should be located in those climatic conditions where, on the one hand, the lighting conditions are sufficient, and on the other hand, it will be cheaper to maintain the necessary temperature regime of plant growth, and it is desirable regardless from the time of year. Illumination conditions improve with the placement of the greenhouse at lower latitudes, but this complicates the task of maintaining the required air temperature, as a rule, there is a need for air cooling. Intuitively, the tropic mountains or coastal areas with a short shelf seem to be most advantageous, with the possibility of easy access to deep cold sea waters (for example, upwelling areas) or the presence of cold river flows, usually near mountain ranges. Given the formulated conditions for the use of the greenhouse and the stringent requirements for tightness, the main task is to maintain the air temperature inside the greenhouse within the best plant growth. The solution to this problem is achieved by using an air conditioner. The type of air conditioner used depends on the climatic conditions in which the greenhouse is used. The most common compression-type air conditioner is the most versatile and suitable for any type of climate, in addition, it can work reversely, that is, not only to cool, but also to warm the air, if necessary, but at the same time requires large energy costs. With low atmospheric humidity (up to 50%) and a small temperature difference (up to 20 degrees Celsius), an evaporative type air conditioner can be used. In the case of a low temperature of atmospheric air (below the temperature necessary for growing these plants), it is possible to use an air-type heat exchanger for cooling the internal air. If there is a water source near the location of the greenhouse having a temperature below the temperature necessary for growing these plants, an air-water type heat exchanger can be used, the inside air of the greenhouse is passed through the air side of the heat exchanger, and water is passed through the water side. In case of water shortage, a closed cycle of its circulation can be applied, in which a cooling tower is connected in series with the heat exchanger.

An additional means of temperature stabilization is the use of a material that delays electromagnetic radiation in the infrared region of the spectrum as a transparent coating of the greenhouse for visible light.

The problem of sealing during the passage of personnel and equipment is solved by the use of a tambour, while the effectiveness of the tambour increases with the use of a door lock system, in which only internal or only external doors can be opened at a time.

Violation of the sealing of the greenhouse inevitably leads to atmospheric air entering the inner atmosphere of the greenhouse and, due to the introduction of carbon dioxide containing the carbon isotope 14, can degrade the quality of plants. The most likely case of sealing failure can be considered the destruction of transparent to visible light coating, usually made of silicate glass. The present invention proposes to use a translucent coating of impact-resistant material, for example triplex, or polymeric materials with high impact strength, for example polycarbonates.

The gradual contamination of a translucent coating requires periodic cleaning procedures. Coating the surface of the translucent coating with an oxide film, for example, tin oxide, reduces surface contamination by reducing dirt retention and, as a result, reduces the need to clean the surface of the translucent coating.

Soil in a greenhouse is a substance that usually contains organic substances whose decomposition products are gases (mainly carbon dioxide and methane), which in turn contain carbon isotope 14. To prevent the gaseous decomposition products from entering the interior of the greenhouse a soil air drainage system was applied, which is made in the form of adding a soil mulching layer from a non-emitting carbon-containing gas material with a specific gravity significantly lower than the specific the weight of the soil, for example, from expanded clay crumb, and the porous subsoil layer of inert material, for example gravel, among which drainage pipes are laid having holes along the entire length, while the ends of the drainage pipes exit the greenhouse. The increased air pressure inside the greenhouse ensures the constant removal of these gases. The low specific gravity of the above-ground mulching layer allows it to always remain on the surface of the soil during irrigation or tillage, for example loosening, and to prevent the penetration of gases released from the soil into the internal atmosphere of the greenhouse.

To accelerate the ripening of plant crops, ethylene is introduced into the inner atmosphere of the greenhouse. Ethylene is introduced only during the ripening period of plant crops and in amounts close to the amount of added carbon dioxide.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention can be used in various design options, the specification of which depends primarily on the set of plant species that need to be grown, and on the solution of the question in which geographical area the greenhouse will be located.

For example, for growing lettuce, you need to maintain the air temperature not higher than 18 degrees Celsius, the lighting can be weak (from 300 to 1000 lux) and at the same time around the clock. For growing tomatoes, the air temperature should not be lower than 16 degrees Celsius and the lighting should be strong, direct sunlight is desirable, but with a short daytime. Therefore, to grow lettuce, the greenhouse can be located in high latitudes, and in summer plants (or a greenhouse) need to be shaded, and it is easier to grow tomatoes by placing a greenhouse, for example, in the mountains of the tropics (where the tomatoes come from, by the way).

Example: A greenhouse is designed to grow greens and vegetables. Located in the Moscow region. The greenhouse contains a sealed interior, having a coating transparent to light, a device for removing carbon dioxide from outside atmospheric air, a device for producing carbon dioxide with a low carbon isotope 14, a system for controlling the temperature of the air inside the greenhouse, a vestibule for personnel and equipment to pass through inside the greenhouse, soil air drainage system, a system for adding ethylene greenhouses with a low carbon isotope content to the internal atmosphere of the air 14. The system for controlling the air temperature consists of a radiator located inside the greenhouse, while the radiator is blown by a fan, and water from an underground well at a temperature of about 4 degrees Celsius is used as coolant in the warm season, during this cold season the radiator is supplied with hot water for heating. The tambour for the passage of personnel and equipment inside the greenhouse is made in the form of an additional passage room, which has both sealed entrance doors and sealed doors to enter the greenhouse, while the doors have a mutual lock, that is, both doors cannot be opened together, which eliminates the violation sealing the greenhouse.

The system of air drainage of the soil is as follows: when laying ridges or racks inside the greenhouse, at first, in the places of future ridges or racks, plastic pipes (for example, from polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride) are laid with a diameter of 100 mm, in which small holes are made along the entire length (hole diameter from 5 to 10 mm). Pipes have a slight bias in one direction, from which they go out of the greenhouse. Above the pipes are covered with gravel. Then soil is poured (for growing vegetables, usually the thickness of the soil layer is at least 30 centimeters). After planting seedlings on the soil, a mulching layer of expanded clay crumb is poured from 1 to 2 centimeters thick. When growing plants, a conventional technology for growing plants is used with the following differences. The greenhouse always remains airtight, while the temperature regime is maintained only by changing the intensity of cooling or heating. When growing tomatoes during fruit ripening, in order to accelerate their reddening, ethylene gas with a low carbon isotope 14 content can be added to the greenhouse atmosphere. The ethylene concentration in the greenhouse atmosphere can be increased to 0.03%. Ethylene produced by industry is produced either from natural gas or from petroleum feedstocks, which practically do not contain a carbon isotope 14.

Claims (13)

1. A greenhouse for growing plants with a low content of carbon isotope 14, containing a ventilated interior with a transparent coating for light, a device for removing carbon dioxide from outside atmospheric air, a device for producing carbon dioxide with a low content of carbon isotope 14, characterized in which additionally contains a system for regulating the air temperature inside the greenhouse, a vestibule for the passage of personnel and equipment inside the greenhouse, an air soil drainage system s, a system for adding an ethylene greenhouse with a reduced carbon isotope 14 to the internal atmosphere of the air, a transparent transparent coating of the greenhouse made of impact-resistant material that traps electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum, and has an oxide layer. 2. A greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that an air conditioner is used as a system for controlling the temperature of the air inside the greenhouse. 3. The greenhouse according to claim 2, characterized in that the evaporative type air conditioner is used. 4. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the system for controlling the temperature of the air inside the greenhouse is made in the form of an air heat exchanger, while both the inner and outer sides of the heat exchanger can be equipped with air fans. 5. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the system for controlling the temperature of the air inside the greenhouse is made in the form of a water-air heat exchanger, while the air of the heat exchanger is passed through the air of the greenhouse using an air fan, and water is supplied through the pipes to the water side at help water pump. 6. A greenhouse according to claim 5, characterized in that the water for the air-water heat exchanger comes from a water intake installed in a water source, such as a river, lake, artificial pond or sea. 7. The greenhouse according to claim 5, characterized in that, if necessary, preferential cooling of the water and saving water, a closed cycle of water circulation can be applied, in which a cooling tower is connected in series with the air-water heat exchanger. 8 The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the vestibule for allowing personnel and equipment to enter the greenhouse has a door locking system, in which only internal or external doors can be open at the same time. 9. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the air drainage system of the soil is made in the form of adding a porous subsoil layer of inert material, for example gravel, among which drainage pipes are laid having the entire length of the hole, while the ends of the drainage pipes exit the greenhouse . 10. The greenhouse according to claim 9, characterized in that the air drainage system of the soil further comprises a subsoil mulching layer of non-carbon-emitting gas material with a specific gravity significantly lower than the specific gravity of the soil, for example, expanded clay crumb. 11. A greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that a soil water drainage system is used as the soil air drainage system, while the ends of the drainage pipes exit the greenhouse. 12. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the system for adding to the internal atmosphere of the greenhouse ethylene with a reduced content of carbon isotope 14 consists of a container containing ethylene and an ethylene dispenser. 13. The greenhouse according to claim 12, characterized in that ethylene is added to the internal atmosphere of the greenhouse only during the ripening period of plant crops and in amounts close to the amount of added carbon dioxide. 14. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxide layer of the transparent transparent coating of the greenhouse is made of tin oxide.