JP2009268377A - Plant cultivation greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant cultivation greenhouse enabling plant cultivation not affected by seasonal change in sunshine or temperature in order to expand year-round cultivation and crop harvest free from constraint due to seasons or areas. <P>SOLUTION: A plant cultivation greenhouse 100 includes: a house 200 configured so that a roof 210 and an outer wall 220 cover a ground 400 (floor surface) so as to shield the sunlight via the roof 210 and the outer wall 220; a lighting means (fluorescent lamp 310) for irradiating with light plants 300 cultivated inside the greenhouse 200; a heat releasing means (roof outer surface 212) set to the roof 210 for releasing the heat inside the house 200 to the outside of the house 200 by heat release; and an indoor heat-insulation means (heat-insulating ceiling 230, heat-insulating wall 250) for insulating at least part of the heat transmitted from the outside to the inside of the room. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a house for plant cultivation. More specifically, in a plant cultivation house using lighting, heat from the outside is insulated, and the internal temperature is stabilized by effectively accumulating or radiating the heat from the lighting and the heat from the ground, The present invention relates to a plant cultivation house that enables the annual cultivation of plants.

  Agriculture has been an industry that has been influenced by the seasons and sunshine since ancient times, and is strongly influenced by seasonality and regionality. There are fertilization, sowing and harvesting as the contents of the work of agriculture.Furthermore, in agriculture carried out in the natural environment, there is spraying of pesticides to prevent damage from diseases and pests, etc. It is forced. As means for solving these problems, for example, greenhouse cultivation, hydroponic cultivation, and plant cultivation such as plant factories or horticultural techniques have been developed.

  Institutional cultivation techniques such as greenhouses, hydroponics, and plant factories have been developed for the purpose of expanding agricultural yields to make year-round cultivation and simplifying labor-intensive work. However, these in-house cultivation technologies have advantages that have brought benefits to current farmers, but have various problems that are not fundamentally solved by agriculture.

  For example, greenhouses are effective in maintaining temperatures for growing vegetables in cold seasons in relatively warm regions, but in cold regions such as heavy snowfall areas, sunlight is blocked by snow accumulation, so the benefits inherent in greenhouses can be obtained. Cannot be used. Moreover, in summer, due to the influence of strong solar radiation, there were problems such as excessive temperature rise and limited operation period.

  Hydroponic cultivation is faster than conventional fields and contributes to increased yields. However, under natural sunlight, the daylight hours or temperatures vary greatly depending on the season, so the anniversary. There was a problem that it was difficult to realize cultivation.

  To overcome these challenges, plant factories are being developed and are becoming popular. In plant factories, mainly hydroponic beds are stacked in multiple stages to effectively use the land, and light is stably supplied by using artificial light sources for sunshine necessary for plant cultivation. At the same time, by stabilizing the temperature with an air-conditioning system, it is possible to expand the year-round cultivation and yield. However, cultivation using an artificial light source in a plant factory has a problem that a running cost is very high because, for example, an air conditioning system using electric power is used to maintain a stable temperature and environment.

  For example, in an air conditioning system in a plant factory, the water in the regenerator heat tank is cooled and stored using nighttime electricity, and heat exchange is performed between the cooled cold water and air. And the system which utilizes the cooled air for an air conditioning is disclosed (patent document 1). In addition, for the purpose of reducing the heating and cooling load caused by the heat generated by the artificial light source used in the plant factory, the artificial light source is surrounded by the light source enclosure and the air in the light source enclosure is circulated through a conduit that conducts to the outside air space. Is disclosed (Patent Document 2). However, in order to be profitable using these facilities, a certain scale or more is required and a large amount of funds are required for the facility costs. there were.

  In addition, attempts have been made to suppress heat generation from illumination by using an LED light source as an artificial light source used in a plant factory (for example, Patent Document 3). However, the LED light source has a problem that the illuminance per price of the irradiated light is insufficient, and it is difficult to use the LED light source as the main illumination of the plant factory with only the LED light source.

Also, some conventional plant factories are equipped with a shading / lighting control device such as a blind in a daylighting area such as a sunroom in order to adjust the temperature in the house (for example, Patent Document 4). However, the light shielding / lighting control device such as a blind is intended to appropriately adjust the intensity of sunlight in the house. With only the light shielding by the blind, heat transmitted directly from the outside, for example, heat conducted from the roof and sunlight. It was difficult to insulate the radiant heat and adjust the temperature in the house.
JP 2000-93010 A JP 2007-236235 A JP-A-8-103167 JP-A-8-308397

  In view of the above-mentioned problems with conventional agricultural production, the present invention enables plant cultivation that is not affected by seasonal sunshine or temperature fluctuations, for example, year-round cultivation and expansion of patterns that are not tied to the season or region. The primary purpose is to plan.

  In addition, the present invention enables plant cultivation with a minimum initial investment as much as possible so that the farmer can perform agricultural production within a range that does not cause financial difficulty, and the running cost for plant cultivation, for example, equipment The second object is to reduce costs and air conditioning costs.

  Furthermore, the third object is to simplify the agricultural work by eliminating the need for agrochemical spraying work, to facilitate the hygiene management of agricultural products, and to improve the safety of agricultural products.

  The house for plant cultivation according to the present invention is formed by covering a floor with a roof and a wall, and irradiating light to a house that is cut off sunlight by the roof and the wall and a plant cultivated inside the house. Illumination means and a roof provided on the roof, heat radiation means for radiating heat inside the house to the outside of the house by thermal radiation, and heat transmitted from the outside of the house to the inside of the house at least partially insulated Indoor heat insulation means.

  A user of a house for plant cultivation according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a farmer or an agricultural worker) performs plant cultivation using light irradiated by illumination means inside the house in a house where sunlight is blocked. . Farmers do not use sunlight for plant cultivation, but use light (artificial light) inside the house, so they can grow plants without being subject to seasonal sunshine fluctuations. Moreover, since the house for plant cultivation according to the present invention includes a heat radiating means for releasing the heat generated inside the house, for example, a farmer uses the heat radiating means to heat the heat inside the house at night at the lowest temperature of the day. It is possible to suppress an increase in the temperature inside the house by radiating heat to the outside. There are three types of methods for releasing (carrying out) heat: heat radiation, heat transfer, and heat conduction. The heat radiating means according to the present invention mainly describes a method for releasing heat by heat radiation. Depending on the area where the plant cultivation house is used, heat may be released by heat transfer or heat conduction.

  In addition, the house for plant cultivation according to the present invention includes an indoor heat insulating means that at least partially insulates heat transferred from the outside. The house for plant cultivation insulates the heat from the outside by indoor heat insulation means, so in summer the rise in the temperature inside the house due to heat transfer from the outside is suppressed, mainly by the soil floor with little temperature change throughout the year. It is cooled. In winter, the temperature in the house is prevented from lowering due to the heat in the house being transferred to the outside, and is mainly warmed by the soil floor. Therefore, since the house for plant cultivation does not receive a change in the external temperature by the indoor heat insulating means, it becomes possible to stabilize the temperature (air temperature) inside the room where the plant is grown. If the farmhouse uses the house for plant cultivation according to the present invention for plant cultivation, the farmer can grow the plant without being affected by sunshine and temperature fluctuation. In other words, the farmer can, for example, cultivate the year and expand the pattern that is not tied to the season or region. The facility cultivation using the plant cultivation house according to the present invention can increase the yield for the farmer and improve the farmer's profit, because it can cultivate the year or grow the crop compared to the conventional farming. Can be achieved.

  The plant cultivation house according to the present invention blocks sunlight and performs plant cultivation using illumination means (artificial light, for example, a fluorescent lamp). Therefore, it is possible to use midnight power as the power required for the illumination means without being influenced by the sunlight time of sunlight. Since late-night power can be used at a lower cost than normal daytime power, it is possible to procure power costs at a lower cost by using late-night power. Furthermore, the heat radiation from the roof or the roof and the heat radiation means by radiation cooling and the indoor heat insulation means that can be opened and closed to form a ceiling are combined to perform controlled heat radiation. In this way, the excess and deficiency of the heat leaking from the indoor heat insulation means and the heat released from the floor and irrigation is finely adjusted throughout the day and night. As a result, the air conditioning equipment necessary for temperature adjustment in the house is not necessary in most cases.

  The floor surface of the house for plant cultivation of the present invention is composed of the ground, and the plant cultivated in the house is a plant cultivated by the soil on the ground. Since the floor is ground, the initial investment in the floor is reduced, and the heat from the ground (geothermal) can be used to adjust the temperature in the house, eliminating the need for air conditioning in the house. Or, it has the effect of lowering the air conditioning cost. Moreover, since it grows with soil, the pattern of the plant to grow is not limited.

  The indoor heat insulating means of the plant cultivation house according to the present invention can be opened and closed. Farmers should choose whether to activate the heat insulation from the roof by opening or closing the heat insulation from the roof or heat radiation by heat radiation, or to activate the heat insulation by the indoor heat insulation means. Is possible. When the indoor heat insulating means is opened, the heat inside the house is transferred from the roof to the outside of the house by heat transfer or radiation, so that cooling is effective. When the indoor heat insulating means is closed, the heat from the roof to the outside of the house is cut off, so that the temperature inside the house when the lights are turned off in the daytime is stabilized. For example, in summer, farmers can operate a plant cultivation house as follows. The farmer opens the indoor heat insulation means while irradiating with illumination means at night. Although the temperature inside the house rises due to the irradiation of the lighting means, the heat inside the house is released by the heat radiating means because the indoor heat insulating means is opened. The heat dissipating means releases the heat generated by the lighting to the outside of the house at night by radiation cooling or heat transfer to the outside. On the other hand, in the daytime, the farmer does not irradiate the lighting means and closes the indoor heat insulating means. Since the illumination means does not perform irradiation, the temperature inside the house does not increase due to the illumination means. Moreover, since the indoor heat insulation means is closed, the heat transfer from the outside of the house is interrupted. Therefore, the temperature inside the house becomes stable without being affected by external heat. In addition, for example, when the temperature inside the house decreases during winter lighting, the farmer may close the indoor heat insulating means and adjust the temperature inside the house using the heat of the lighting. As described above, since the indoor heat insulating means of the house for plant cultivation according to the present invention can be opened and closed, the farmer can adjust the temperature inside the house, and plant cultivation that is not affected by seasonal sunshine or temperature fluctuation is possible. It becomes.

  The indoor heat insulation means of the house for plant cultivation according to the present invention comprises at least one of an indoor heat insulation layer that insulates conduction heat from the outside of the room and an indoor heat insulation layer that shields radiant heat to the inside of the room. Have. Since the indoor heat insulating means has an indoor heat insulating layer that insulates the conduction heat, for example, the indoor heat insulating means is made of a material having low conductivity, and insulates heat from entering the house from the outside of the house. Moreover, since the indoor thermal barrier layer has a low emissivity layer on the indoor side, it shields and suppresses radiant heat into the room. The heat insulation performance required for the plant cultivation house varies depending on the climate of the region where the plant cultivation house according to the present invention is installed. The farmer can arrange the thermal insulation performance necessary for the plant cultivation house by adjusting the thickness of the indoor thermal insulation layer and the indoor thermal insulation layer according to the local climate. Farmers can reduce the initial cost (installation cost) by making the heat insulation performance of the plant cultivation house the minimum necessary.

Alternatively, the heat radiating means of the plant cultivation house according to the present invention is a substance having a reflectance in the visible light and near infrared region of 80% or more and an emissivity in the far infrared region of 70% or more. It is the exterior of at least some painted roofs.
Or the thermal radiation means of the house for plant cultivation which concerns on this invention is the outer surface of the at least one part roof coated with the substance containing a titanium oxide.

If a material having a high emissivity with respect to the far infrared is used for coating the outer surface of the roof, the radiation efficiency of the roof surface is increased, so that the temperature in the plant cultivation house can be lowered more efficiently. In particular, when the emissivity in the far infrared region is 70% or more, the effect of radiation cooling is high.
In addition, by coating a material with high reflectivity in the visible light and near-infrared regions, the radiant heat incident on the house directly or indirectly from the sun is rebounded by reflection. This suppresses an increase in the temperature of the roof, that is, an increase in the temperature inside the house due to heat transfer from the roof, so that the temperature can be adjusted more easily.

  One example of a substance having a reflectance of 80% or higher in the visible light and near infrared region and an emissivity of 70% or higher in the far infrared region is titanium oxide. Titanium oxide is mainly used for white paints and sunscreens, and is relatively easy to obtain. If a material containing titanium oxide is coated on the outer surface of the roof, it is possible to easily provide a heat dissipation means having a high reflectance and a high emissivity.

  The heat radiating means of the plant cultivation house according to the present invention can be prepared, for example, by painting the above-described high emissivity material on the roof of a conventional greenhouse or vinyl house that is an existing facility. By using an existing facility, it is possible to reduce the initial investment (for example, equipment cost) of a farmer necessary for creating a heat dissipation means.

  The house for plant cultivation which concerns on this invention has a geothermal heat insulation means which insulates the geothermal heat transmitted from the soil outside a house to the soil corresponding to the inside of a house. Generally, the temperature of the soil near the surface (also referred to as underground temperature or geothermal) is affected by changes in the temperature of the outside air, so the soil up to 10cm from the surface is day and night, the soil up to 2m underground is seasonal, and the temperature changes large. However, in the ground below 2 m below ground, especially below 5 m, the soil is less affected by the temperature change of the outside air and the temperature change is small. The house for plant cultivation according to the present invention includes a geothermal heat insulating means, and since the geothermal heat insulating means blocks conduction heat from the soil outside the house to the soil inside the house, it is possible to suppress the temperature change of the soil inside the house. It becomes possible. Since the temperature of the soil inside the house is stabilized, the temperature change of the air inside the house is also reduced.

  The geothermal heat insulation means of the plant cultivation house according to the present invention is a wall portion extending toward the ground. Since the wall extends toward the ground, the soil inside the house is insulated from the geothermal heat that is transferred in the lateral direction from the soil outside the house where the temperature changes greatly during the day or night. Therefore, the temperature of the soil inside the house is not affected by the temperature change of the soil outside the house.

  The house for plant cultivation according to the present invention includes a shade that collects light emitted from the illumination means in the direction of the plant, and a cylindrical body that extends upward from the top of the shade and discharges heat generated from the illumination means upward. It comprises. Since the cylindrical body extending upward from the top of the shade is provided, it is possible to discharge the air around the lighting means and the surroundings of the plant heated by the heat generated from the lighting means to the upper side of the chamber. The heated ambient air around the illumination means has a lower density than the air above the cylinder, and therefore moves up due to the chimney effect of the cylinder. Compared with the case where heat is exhausted simply by providing an opening at the top of the shade, the warmed air can be moved upward.

  The plant cultivation house according to the present invention includes a light reflecting plate that reflects light directly irradiated by illumination means at the base of the plant and light collected by the shade. When the plant grows, the light reflecting plate is irradiated directly by the illumination means when the plant grows, passes through the plant, reflects the light, and irradiates the plant again. The plant is located between the shade and the light reflector arranged like a mirror and repeatedly receives the light emitted from the illumination means, so that the plant makes the best use of the light emitted from the illumination means. Photosynthesis can be performed. Since there is no waste in the power to irradiate the light necessary for plant cultivation from the lighting means, the effect on the power cost of the lighting means (for example, plant growth) is increased, the irradiation time by lighting is reduced, and the running cost is reduced as a result. To do.

  The house for plant cultivation according to the present invention has a radiation heat suppression layer having an emissivity of 10% or less for suppressing radiant heat radiated from the roof having heat toward the inside of the house, at least a part of the roof. On the inner surface. That is, the house for plant cultivation is provided with a low emissivity layer (radiation heat suppression layer) for suppressing radiant heat radiated from the outer surface of the roof toward the interior of the house on at least a part of the inner surface of the roof. The material of the low emissivity layer is, for example, aluminum foil. The low emissivity layer of the plant cultivation house reduces, for example, radiant heat radiated from the outer surface of the roof toward the interior of the house due to heat accumulated on the outer surface of the roof. In this way, the low emissivity layer prevents the temperature inside the house from rising due to radiant heat and facilitates temperature adjustment inside the house.

The house for plant cultivation according to the present invention has a plant heat shielding means which is located above the lighting means and shields radiant heat from the outside of the house radiated to the plants or from the roof where heat is accumulated. .
Since it has a plant heat shielding means for blocking radiant heat radiated to plants, for example, even when indoor heat insulation means is opened, the radiant heat radiated to the plant and soil is shielded. It is possible to prevent an increase in the temperature around the plant.

The house for plant cultivation of the present invention comprises a sensible heat exchanger that exchanges the heat of the air inside the house and the heat of the air outside the house, and discharges moisture contained in the air inside the house to the outside of the house.
Since the house inside the house for plant cultivation according to the present invention is surrounded by indoor heat insulating means for insulating heat from the outside, it is in a sealed state or a highly confidential state, and water vapor is not released to the outside and the inside of the house There is a possibility of high humidity. In order to reduce the humidity inside the house, a dehumidifier using a compressor may be used. However, compressors require a lot of power, which can greatly increase power costs. The house for plant cultivation of the present invention uses, for example, a sensible heat exchanger equipped with a filter that blocks pests at the air intake, stabilizes the temperature inside the house by exchanging only sensible heat, and further, Dehumidify by discharging moisture. Although the structure of the sensible heat exchanger will be described later, the sensible heat exchanger does not use a compressor, and dehumidifies by blowing air inside and outside the house using a blower provided in the sensible heat exchanger. Compared with compressors, the power required to blow air from the blower is small. Therefore, if farmers use the sensible heat exchanger for dehumidification in the house for plant cultivation, the running cost necessary for dehumidification, for example, the power cost Can be suppressed. In addition, when ventilation is required while keeping the humidity and temperature in the house, a total heat exchanger with a filter is installed.

  The house for plant cultivation according to the present invention comprises a bed temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the nutrient solution used for plant cultivation and adjusting the temperature of the straw that is the soil around the plant by heat conduction from the nutrient solution. It has. The house for plant cultivation according to the present invention is, for example, cultivated by hydroponics, and drip the nutrient solution (water containing nutrients for cultivation) adjusted to the temperature as needed into the straw (soil around the plant). Or sprinkle water. The surface temperature of the cocoon is adjusted by the penetration of the instilled nutrient solution. You may adjust the temperature of the surface of a ridge by the heat of conduction from the nutrient solution which passes a water channel. Since the surface of the cocoon is directly transferred from the nutrient solution, the farmer can adjust the temperature of the surface of the cocoon more quickly and accurately than heat transfer by convection of air inside the house.

  The house for plant cultivation according to the present invention includes, for example, a circulating water channel that circulates water, a pump that circulates water in the circulating water channel, and a water storage tank that temporarily stores water. To do. Since water having a constant temperature is circulated through the floor, for example, even when the temperature of the soil inside the house is lowered, it is possible to make the temperature of the soil around the plant, particularly the part corresponding to the root, constant. If well water or groundwater having little temperature change throughout the year is used as the water to be circulated, the temperature of the floor surface can be made stable and the cost for maintaining the water temperature can be suppressed.

  The house for plant cultivation according to the present invention is formed on the surface of a nutrient solution used for hydroponics of a water tank formed by digging a floor surface and covered with an impermeable layer that does not allow water to pass through, and a plant stored in the water tank. And a light reflector that reflects the light irradiated by the illumination means toward the illumination means. Further, the light reflector supports the plant so as to be positioned on the surface of the culture solution. Furthermore, the house for plant cultivation according to the present invention comprises a bed temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the nutrient solution and circulating it, thereby adjusting the temperature of the floor surface by heat conduction from the nutrient solution.

  The house for plant cultivation according to the present invention can be used not only for soil cultivation such as hydroponics, but also for hydroponics such as thin film hydroponics, submerged hydroponics, rock wool hydroponics, gravel cultivation, etc. . Conventional hydroponic cultivation has a function of adjusting the growth conditions of the plant stems by circulating a nutrient solution whose temperature is controlled to the optimum condition in a molded nutrient solution tank using foamed polystyrene or the like. On the other hand, in the plant cultivation house according to the present invention, digging the straw into the shape of the required nutrient solution tank and laying a thin vinyl sheet or the like on it so that the nutrient solution does not leak A so-called nourishing water that supports a plant by storing a nutrient solution and floating a light reflector made of a light plastic with a specific gravity that reflects light (artificial light) irradiated by illumination means coming from the top of the plant on the nutrient solution You can also plow. In this case, the temperature of the floor and thus the temperature of the room can be controlled by circulating the nutrient solution while controlling the temperature. By this, the problem of the conventional hydroponics culture which requires the nutrient solution tank which is expensive and whose size and shape cannot be made free can be solved.

  The house of the plant cultivation house according to the present invention is a chamber sealed by a roof and a wall. Since the inside of the house is sealed, the safety of crops is increased. For example, the possibility that pests enter the house for plant cultivation is reduced, and it is not necessary to spray agricultural chemicals to prevent damage by pests. Since agricultural chemicals are not sprayed, the safety of crops is improved and labor for spraying agricultural chemicals is reduced, so that the profits of farmers can be improved. Since there are few pests, hygiene management of crops becomes easy.

(Embodiment 1)
A plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the plant cultivation house according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a view showing another example of the indoor heat insulating means of the plant cultivation house according to Embodiment 1, and FIG. 2 (a) shows a case where a sheet-like heat insulating sheet is used as the indoor heat insulating means. FIG. 2B is a partial cross-sectional view showing a case where a plate-like ceiling member is used for the indoor heat insulating means. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the annual fluctuation of the outside air temperature and the underground temperature. 4 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of a lighting unit and a basket of the plant cultivation house according to Embodiment 1, FIG. 4 (a) is a vertical cross-sectional view of the lighting unit, and FIG. Fluorescent lamp (an example of illumination means) is a cross-sectional view showing a row of illumination units, and FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view of a fluorescent lamp showing two rows of illumination units. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the circulation channel of the plant cultivation house according to Embodiment 1, and FIG. 5A is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating the installation status of the circulation channel of the plant cultivation house. 5 (b) is a plan view showing the installation status of the circulation channel. FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing an example of a straw when hydroponics is performed using a plant cultivation house.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment includes a roof 210, a beam 290, a pillar 292, an outer wall 220, and the ground 400 (an example of a floor surface). The house 200 includes a roof 210, an outer wall 220, and a ground 400, and forms a space for growing plants. The house 200 blocks sunlight by the roof 210 and the outer wall 220 and does not have a window for taking sunlight. The ground 400 is soil, and the plant 300 is planted and cultivated in a plurality of straws 324 on the ground 400. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the roof 210 is a triangle, but the cross-sectional shape of the roof 210 may be a semicircular (kamaboko-shaped) shape such as a one-story or a vinyl house.

  Plants 300 cultivated inside the house 200 are, for example, vegetables, fruit vegetables, and flower buds. Specifically speaking, vegetables are lettuce, spinach, radish, carrot, cucumber, tomato, and the like. In the present embodiment, plant cultivation is described as a cultivation method using soil, but plant cultivation may be hydroponics. In the case of hydroponics, for example, lettuce and spinach are cultivated. In the present embodiment, four rows of straw 324 are on the ground 400 in parallel along the long side of the building, and plants 300 are cultivated in two rows in each straw 324. Between the two rows of plants 300, there is provided a hydroponic water channel 322 for supplying water to the plants 300.

  The plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment includes a fluorescent lamp 310 (an example of an irradiation unit) that irradiates light to a plant 300 cultivated inside the house 200. In the present embodiment, a row of fluorescent lamps 310 is installed for each of the baskets 324. If more intense light is required for the plant 300, two or more fluorescent lamps 310 may be installed for each basket 324. In this embodiment, the fluorescent lamp 310 is used as the illuminating means. However, the illuminating means is not particularly limited to the fluorescent lamp, and known illumination such as an HF fluorescent lamp (high-frequency lighting dedicated fluorescent lamp), a white lamp, and a mercury lamp. Sodium lamps and LEDs can be used.

  The plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment includes a roof 210 that constitutes the house 200. The outer surface 212 (an example of a heat dissipation unit) of the roof 210 radiates heat inside the house 200 raised by the fluorescent lamp 310 to the outside of the house 200 by heat radiation. That is, the roof 210 absorbs heat inside the house 200 from the inner surface of the roof 210 by heat transfer, and transfers heat to the outside from the outer surface 212 of the roof 210 to radiate it. Particularly at night on a clear day, heat is radiated to the night sky due to the radiation cooling phenomenon, so that the temperature of the roof 210 decreases and the temperature inside the house 200 also decreases. Also, on a cloudy and windy day or rainy weather, a lot of heat is removed to the outside by heat transfer. Considerable heat is removed by natural convection even on days without wind.

  In order to increase the efficiency of radiation, i.e. to reduce the temperature of the roof 210 as much as possible by radiative cooling, it is desirable that the emissivity of the outer surface 212 of the roof 210 is high. As a method of increasing the emissivity, for example, there is a method of coating the outer surface 212 of the roof 210 with a substance having a high emissivity in the far infrared.

The roof 210 whose outer surface 212 is coated with a material having a high emissivity is likely to radiate heat particularly at night. However, it has a problem that it easily absorbs and accumulates heat received from sunlight in the daytime. Therefore, it is preferable to coat the roof 210 with a material that highly reflects sunlight and emits heat, that is, far infrared rays. Specifically, the outer surface of the roof is coated with a material having a reflectance of 80% or more in the visible light and near infrared region and an emissivity of 70% or more in the far infrared region. It is more desirable to use a substance having a reflectance of 90% or more in the visible light and near infrared regions and an emissivity of 90% or more in the far infrared region. An example of a material that satisfies this condition is titanium oxide. By coating the outer surface 212 of the roof 210 with a material containing titanium oxide, it is possible to form a roof 210 (an example of a heat radiating means) that reflects sunlight during the day and radiates heat by radiative cooling at night.
Note that the color of the roof painted with a material containing a substance having a reflectance of 80% or more in the visible light and near-infrared region is close to white.

  An aluminum foil 214 is attached to the inner surface of the roof 210 as a radiant heat suppression layer. The aluminum foil 214 strongly suppresses heat radiated from the outer surface of the roof 210 toward the inside of the house 200. The aluminum foil 214 absorbs the heat inside the house 200 into the roof 210 by conduction heat, but strongly suppresses the radiation of heat from the outside, thereby preventing the temperature inside the house 200 from rising.

  The plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment includes a heat insulating ceiling 230 between the roof 210 and the plant 300 being cultivated. The heat insulating ceiling 230 is an example of an indoor heat insulating means. The heat insulating ceiling 230 is supported by the beam 290, for example. The heat insulating ceiling 230 in the present embodiment is composed of a foam material 241 having a thickness of about 10 cm and a plurality of plate-like members (ceiling member 231) having aluminum foil 242 attached to both the front and back surfaces. The foam material 241 is an example of an indoor heat insulating layer, and insulates the conduction heat from the outside. The aluminum foil 242 is an aluminum thermal barrier layer formed by rolling aluminum into a thin paper shape. The aluminum foil 242 shields and shields the radiant heat from the outside of the house 200 with high strength.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the heat-insulating ceiling 230 has a plurality of ceiling members 231 each having a plate shape with a width of about 1 m arranged in parallel on a beam 290. Each ceiling member 231 has a hinge at both ends of the long side, and is connected to the adjacent ceiling member 231 so that it can be folded. Therefore, the heat insulating ceiling 230 is folded in a bellows shape as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 1 so that the ceiling can be opened.

  The plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment further includes indoor heat insulating means arranged around the house 200. Specifically, the indoor heat insulating means is a heat insulating wall 250 made of a heat insulating material provided inside 220 of the outer wall of the plant cultivation house 100. The heat insulating wall 250 insulates heat transferred from the outside of the house 200 to the inside of the house 200, for example, heat from the outer wall 220 that is overheated by convection heat from the outside air or direct sunlight. The heat insulating wall 250 is a wall using a foam material 251 having a thickness of about 20 cm, and an aluminum foil 252 is attached to the inside (inside the house). The foam material 251 is an example of an indoor heat insulating layer that insulates heat conduction from the outside of the house, and the aluminum foil 252 attached inside is an example of an indoor heat shielding layer that suppresses radiant heat into the house. It is. The larger the thickness of the foam material 251, the better the heat insulation effect, but a thickness of about 10 cm to 20 cm is preferable considering the equipment cost.

The folding of the heat insulating ceiling 230 may be performed manually by an agricultural worker. Moreover, you may be made to fold automatically, when an agricultural worker turns on the switch which instruct | indicates the operation | movement content using an electric motor. It is also possible to fold the heat insulating ceiling 230 automatically depending on the time and the environment in the house. For example, in a system (not shown) having a computer, a temperature sensor, and an electric motor, a signal indicating the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is transmitted to the computer, and the computer detects the temperature in the house from the transmitted signal. It is determined whether or not a predetermined temperature stored in the storage unit of the computer has been exceeded. When the computer determines that the temperature measured by the temperature sensor exceeds a predetermined temperature, the computer transmits a control signal for opening the heat insulating ceiling 230 to the electric motor. The electric motor that has received the control signal opens the heat insulating ceiling 230. When the computer determines that the temperature in the house measured by the temperature sensor falls below a predetermined temperature, a signal for closing the heat insulating ceiling 230 is transmitted to the electric motor. The computer stores a predetermined time for opening and closing the heat-insulating ceiling 230 in advance in a storage unit of the computer, and when the computer determines that the predetermined time has elapsed using a timer, an open signal or a closing signal is sent to the electric motor. A signal may be transmitted.
The above control is preferably feedforward control in consideration of the heat capacity of the house.

  The plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment insulates the indoor heat insulating means by closing the indoor heat insulating means 230 from the folded state during the day when sunlight is irradiated, that is, the plant. Prevent temperature rise inside the house where you grow. At night, the plant 300 is cultivated by the light emitted by the fluorescent lamp 210. The heat inside the house 200 is transmitted to the roof 210 by folding the heat insulating ceiling 230 and opening the ceiling portion. The heat accumulated in the roof 210 is dissipated by a nighttime radiative cooling phenomenon or heat transfer to the outside. Thus, the farmer performs temperature adjustment inside the house 200 by opening and closing the heat insulating ceiling 230.

FIG. 2 shows another example of a method for opening and closing the indoor section means. The indoor cross-sectional means may be formed using a foam sheet made of a foam material having a thickness of several millimeters. The foam sheet is slightly inferior in heat insulation effect compared with a foam material having a thickness of 10 cm, but has an advantage that it is easy to handle because of the sheet shape. A sheet in which an aluminum foil is pasted on either the front and back sides of the foam sheet or on one side of the front and back sides is called a heat shield sheet. FIG. 2A shows a cross section when a sheet-like heat insulating sheet 233 is used as the indoor heat insulating means. When the indoor heat insulating means shown in FIG. 2A is opened, the heat insulating sheet 233 is wound into a tubular shape, and when closed, the ceiling portion is opened by spreading the tubular heat insulating sheet 233. The heat shielding sheet 233 may be wound in a cylindrical shape from the vicinity of the center of the beam 290 in both the left and right directions (E direction and F direction) to open the ceiling. Farmers can adjust the open area of the ceiling and adjust the temperature in the vicinity of the plant 300 by increasing or decreasing the amount of the heat shield sheet 233 wound into a cylinder.
FIG. 2B shows a method of opening and closing the indoor heat insulating means by rotating the plate-like ceiling member 231. The farmer opens the heat-insulating ceiling 230 by providing the shaft 243 on one of the ends on the short side of the ceiling member 231 and rotating the ceiling member 231 downward as indicated by the dotted line. By positioning the shaft 243 at the center of the short side of the ceiling member 231, the indoor heat insulating means may be opened and closed in a blind shape.

Next, the utilization method of the geothermal heat of the plant cultivation house 100 of this Embodiment is demonstrated.
Fig. 3 shows the annual fluctuations of the outside temperature and underground temperature in Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture, as measured by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The temperature of the outside air changes from 2 degrees to 25 degrees throughout the year, and the temperature at 5 cm underground near the ground surface also changes from 2 degrees to 28 degrees, almost the same as the change in the temperature of the outside air. That is, the vicinity of the ground surface is affected by the temperature of the outside air and changes. On the other hand, the underground temperature from 2 m to 5 m underground is a temperature change from 10 degrees to around 17 degrees, and the change in temperature is small compared to the vicinity of the ground surface. In other words, the temperature of the soil near the surface changes drastically due to the radiation heat from the sun and the heat transfer from the air on the surface, but the temperature in the ground deeper than 2m from the surface is relatively stable throughout the year.

Therefore, the plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment uses the geothermal heat deeper than 2 m to insulate the geothermal heat transmitted from the soil 410 outside the house 200 to the soil inside the room (ground 400). An underground heat insulating wall 253 (an example of a geothermal heat insulating means) is provided.
A description will be given with reference to FIG. 1 again. The underground heat insulation wall 253 is a wall portion buried toward the ground. In the underground heat insulating wall 253 of this embodiment, the heat insulating wall 250 surrounding the house 200 is extended in the underground direction to form a wall portion. The portion embedded in the ground is not necessarily the same as the heat insulating wall of the ground portion, and may be embedded as a separate member by changing the material of the wall. For example, the underground wall portion may be an air layer having a certain width. However, since the temperature difference between the underground temperatures is large even in the vicinity of 1 m underground, the depth of the underground heat insulating wall 253 from the ground surface (H in FIG. 1) needs to be at least 2 m or more. Desirably, the depth of the underground heat insulating wall 253 from the ground surface is desirably 5 m or more.
In the present embodiment, the underground heat insulating wall 253 only insulates the geothermal heat from the side surface direction (for example, the C direction in FIG. 1) and does not insulate the geothermal heat from the underground direction (downward). . This is because the heat from the underground direction is less affected by the outside air and is stable, and the heat from the underground direction is used more stably than the heat insulation from the underground direction, which leads to stabilization of the temperature in the house. When the geothermal heat from the underground direction is insulated, the temperature of the soil in the house may depend on the temperature inside the house 200. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, it is desirable that the geothermal heat insulating wall 253 is formed so as to insulate geothermal heat from the side surface direction and not in the underground direction. By forming in this way, the temperature of the soil on the ground 400 in the house is stabilized by the geothermal heat from the underground direction, and the temperature in the house is stabilized.

Next, the dehumidification method of the plant cultivation house 100 of this Embodiment is demonstrated.
Since the plant cultivation house 100 of the present embodiment is sealed by the roof 210, the outer wall 220, and the heat insulating wall 250, moisture tends to accumulate inside the house 200, and the humidity increases. When the humidity is high, mold or metal rust or electric equipment leakage occurs inside the house 200 due to condensation. Electric leakage is dangerous, and mold or metal rust adversely affects the growth of plants. Therefore, it is necessary to dehumidify the inside of the house 200 to an appropriate humidity.

  A normal dehumidifier can be used to dehumidify the interior of the house 200. However, dehumidification using a normal refrigeration system or compression system dehumidifier uses a compressor, and thus there is a problem that the power cost is high and the running cost is high. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a sensible heat exchanger 338 is provided to reduce the humidity. The sensible heat exchanger 338 exchanges heat (mainly sensible heat) when exchanging air inside the house 200 and outside air, and releases the inside air containing moisture to the outside. Humid air, that is, air containing water vapor is released to the outside, so that the humidity inside the house 200 decreases. On the other hand, since the heat between the outside air and the inside air is exchanged, the temperature in the house hardly changes.

  A sensible heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat between two fluids through a partition wall. For example, sensible heat can be exchanged by using specially processed paper or plastic for the partition wall. Device. The sensible heat exchanger consists of a specially processed partition wall made up of a non-breathable partition plate and a partition plate, an exhaust fan for blowing the air inside the house to the outside of the house through the partition wall, and the air outside the house through the partition wall. And an air supply blower for blowing air into the house. The air in the house and the outdoor air are exchanged through the partition walls by the exhaust blower and the air supply blower included in the sensible heat exchanger, and the sensible heat of each air is exchanged when passing through the partition walls. When the air is exchanged, the water vapor is not moved by the partition walls. That is, since air containing moisture is released while exchanging sensible heat of air, the temperature change in the house can be reduced and dehumidification can be achieved. The plant cultivation house 100 of the present invention does not use a compressor with high power cost because of heat exchange only by air blowing. Since the sensible heat exchanger 338 does not use a compressor unlike a general dehumidifier, the power cost for dehumidification is suppressed and the running cost is reduced. As the sensible heat exchanger 338 for dehumidification, for example, there is LOSSNAY (registered trademark) for exhausting moisture.

A method for using the sensible heat exchanger 338 used in this embodiment will be described below.
In Japan, particularly in Honshu, from autumn to spring (October to April), if the fluorescent lamp 310 (an example of lighting means) is not turned on, the temperature in the house 200 is the ground wet with irrigation. Since it becomes lower than 400 soil temperature, the necessity of dehumidification arises in order to prevent dew condensation. This is because mold grows, rusts, or leaks as described above. Fortunately, the external absolute humidity is low during the fall and spring seasons, so it must be discharged using the sensible heat exchanger 338.
On the other hand, even when the fluorescent lamp 310 is not lit during the summer (June to September), the minimum temperature in the house 200 is higher than the soil temperature of the ground 400 (temperature near the soil, dew point). It is not necessary to use the sensible heat exchanger 338. Furthermore, in summer, the absolute humidity may be higher outside, and when the external humidity is higher than the humidity inside the house, it is desirable not to use the sensible heat exchanger 338 that takes in external air. If ventilation is required when the external humidity is high, a total heat exchanger should be used.

  Next, the fluorescent lamp 310 (an example of illumination means) of the plant cultivation house and the surroundings of the fluorescent lamp 310 in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 shows the fluorescent lamp 310 of the plant cultivation house and the surrounding configuration. 4A is a vertical cross-sectional view, FIG. 4B is a horizontal cross-sectional view when one fluorescent lamp 310 is provided, and FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view when two fluorescent lamps 310 are provided. is there.

  As shown in FIG. 4B, a shade 312 is installed on the fluorescent lamp 310 of the present embodiment so as to cover the fluorescent lamp 310 from above. A cylinder 318 is installed so as to extend upward from the top of the shade 312. Further, a plant roof 326 (an example of a plant heat shield means) to be described later is installed so as to cover the shade 312. The fluorescent lamp 310, the shade 312, the cylindrical body 318, and the plant roof 326 form an illumination unit 360 as an integral member. The illumination unit 360 is suspended from the beam 290 by a hoisting machine 320, for example, to grow a plant. You can move up and down to match. By adjusting the height of the lighting unit 360 in accordance with the growth of the plant 300, the light from the fluorescent lamp 310 can be irradiated from the most efficient position. Further, when the plant 300 is sowed or harvested, the lighting unit 360 can be moved to a position higher than that of the farmer so as not to be an obstacle to work.

  The shade 312 of this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 4B, the shade 312 is formed to have a parabolic cross section. For example, the fluorescent lamp 310 is positioned at the focal point of a parabolic shade 312. The inner surface of the shade 312 is made of plastic so as to reflect the light emitted from the fluorescent lamp 310, or the surface is processed (for example, painted white or pasted with an aluminum foil). Since the cross-section of the shade 312 is parabolic, the light emitted from the fluorescent lamp 310 is reflected and collected by the inner surface of the shade 312 and is irradiated to the plant 300 below. The width KW of the shade 312 is formed so as not to exceed the width of the collar 324.

  In order to increase the illuminance of light with which the plant is irradiated, the illumination unit 360 may include a plurality of fluorescent lamps 310 as shown in FIG. The shades corresponding to the plurality of fluorescent lamps 310 are formed by arranging parabolic shades 312 on each of the fluorescent lamps 310, cutting off the overlapping portions of the shades 312, and connecting them with a flat shade plate 313. The width LH of the flat cap 313 and the distance LH from the fluorescent lamp 310 are adjusted and positioned so that the illuminance to the plant 300 becomes uniform.

  Next, the cylinder 318 of this embodiment will be described. The cylinder 318 is formed to extend upward from the top 314 of the shade 312. At the top 314 of the shade 312, there is an opening 315 for discharging the air filled in the shade 312. The cylindrical body 318 is formed so that the opening 315 and the hollow portion 319 of the cylindrical body 318 are aligned and the air flows upward. As shown in FIG. 4A, in the present embodiment, the cylinder 318 is disposed at two locations corresponding to the end of the fluorescent lamp 310. Since the place where the fluorescent lamp 310 generates heat most is around the socket of the fluorescent lamp 310, it is desirable to form the cylindrical body 319 around the socket. Since the air inside the shade 312 heated by the fluorescent lamp 310 expands and becomes smaller than the density of the air above the cylinder 318, the cylinder 318 discharges the air inside the shade 312 upward due to the chimney effect.

  In order to make the chimney effect more effective, the cylindrical body 318 of the present embodiment is formed with dimensions of an inner diameter EW of about 3 cm and a height EH of about 20 cm. The inner diameter EW of the cylinder 318 may be 3 cm or more. Moreover, in order to transfer heat to the vicinity of the roof 210, the height EH may be 20 cm or more. In consideration of raising and lowering the lighting unit 360 for farm work, the height EH is preferably approximately 20 cm. In order to discharge the air inside the shade 312 upward, a fan that blows the air inside the shade 312 upward may be attached to the opening 315 of the shade top 314 (not shown). You may attach and use a fan and the cylinder 318 together. When used together, the air flow rate increases, so the number of openings 315 and cylinders 318 of the shade 312 can be reduced.

  Above the shade 312 of the present embodiment, a plant roof 326 (an example of a plant heat shield means) that shields radiant heat radiated from outside the house to plants is located. The cross section of the plant roof 326 of the present embodiment is formed in a U shape, and is arranged so as to cover the fluorescent lamp 310 and the shade 312 from above. A top surface of the plant roof 326 (surface facing the roof 210) has a plant reflection layer 328 that reflects radiant heat. Specifically, the plant roof 326 has an aluminum foil pasted as a plant reflection layer 328 on the upper surface, and the radiated heat from the direction of the roof 210 is reflected by the pasted aluminum foil. In the plant roof 326 of the present embodiment, the width YW of the plant roof 326 is formed to be greater than the width of the bush in order to prevent not only the plant 300 but also the radiant heat to the bush 324.

  Moreover, the plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment has a light reflection plate 316 on the ridge 324. The light reflection plate 316 is a plate that reflects the light emitted from the fluorescent lamp 310 in the direction of the shade 312, for example, a plastic foam material in which an aluminum foil is pasted. The light reflecting plate 316 is positioned on the ridge 324 so as to face the fluorescent lamp 310. Since the cage 324 is soil, simply placing the light reflecting plate 316 becomes unstable, and the light emitted from the fluorescent lamp 310 may not be reflected to the shade 312. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the fixing portion 330 is provided in order to adjust the position of the light reflecting plate and the angle with respect to the floor surface. The fixed part 330 is, for example, a plurality of bars 333 protruding downward from the light reflecting plate 316 as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 4C, the fixing portion 330 may be two bars 334 arranged in parallel to the long side of the flange 324. Moreover, although the light reflection board 316 has the opening part 332 through which the plant to be cultivated passes, the farmer raises the soil so as to correspond to the opening part 332 to form a mountain, thereby forming the light reflection board 316. May be fixed.

  Next, the floor temperature adjusting means of the plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1 again. The plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment includes a water channel 322 for irrigation on the ridge 324 as shown in FIG. The water channel 322 has a plurality of discharge holes (not shown) for dispensing the nutrient solution. The farmer feeds the nutrient solution to the plant 300 by pouring the nutrient solution into the water channel 322 and dispensing the nutrient solution to the rod 324 constantly or periodically from the discharge hole. Agriculture using this method is called hydroponics, and the one that intermittently produces nutrient solution is called drip irrigation, and the one that continuously produces is called watering irrigation. If the temperature of the nutrient solution dispensed by the farmer is adjusted, the floor temperature adjusting means adjusts the temperature of the straw 324 or the soil (ground 400) by direct heat transfer from the nutrient solution.

  If well water or groundwater is used as a nutrient solution for irrigation, the temperature of the tub 324 can be made close to the temperature (about 16 degrees) of temperate well water or groundwater suitable for temperate plants, for example. As mentioned above, the temperature of groundwater is relatively stable throughout the year, equivalent to the temperature below 5m below ground, so using groundwater cools the temperature of 畝 324 in the summer and warms 324 in the winter. There is an effect. Furthermore, if water is heated using a heater, the temperature drop of the straw 324 or the soil (the ground 400) in winter can be prevented.

  Moreover, if the water channel 322 (an example of a floor temperature adjustment means) and the heat-insulating ceiling 230 (an example of an indoor heat insulation means) that can be opened and closed according to the present embodiment are used, an agricultural worker can use a plant cultivation house as follows. By using 100, temperate vegetables can be cultivated. It is assumed that the heat-insulating ceiling 230 that can be opened and closed is made of a foamed material with a thickness of 10 cm attached on both sides with aluminum foil, and drip irrigation from the water channel 322 is always performed.

  First, the case where the plant cultivation house 100 of this Embodiment is used in the summer of a temperate zone (for example, Kinki district) is demonstrated. Farmers turn on fluorescent lamps 310 to illuminate plants for about 10 hours at night, including midnight. When the fluorescent lamp 310 is turned on, the farmer opens the heat insulating ceiling 230. Farmers use well water for irrigation and the water temperature is about 16 degrees. On the other hand, during 14 hours with noon, the farmer turns off the fluorescent lamp 310, stops irradiating the plant with light, closes all the heat-insulating ceiling 230, and closes the room. Farmers use well water for irrigation as well as at night.

  In the temperate winter season, during the daytime when the lights are turned off, the farmer closes all the insulating ceiling 230 in order to insulate the cold from outside. Nevertheless, the temperature inside the house 200 may be too low at daytime during the daytime, and the floor temperature may drop too much. Therefore, the farmer controls the opening and closing of the heat-insulating ceiling 230 to increase the indoor temperature when it is lit at midnight. On the floor to compensate for the daytime drop. The opening / closing operation of the heat insulating ceiling 230 may be mechanically controlled using an indoor temperature sensor and a computer.

  Next, in the subarctic zone (for example, Hokkaido), the temperature below 2 m below the ground is several degrees lower than in the temperate zone. Therefore, for example, when cultivating temperate vegetables using groundwater for irrigation, the groundwater is always heated to the same temperature as the temperate groundwater. In any case, the farmer uses water at the same temperature as the temperate groundwater as irrigation and cultivates it as follows regardless of whether it is summer or winter. When the fluorescent lamp 310 is turned off in the daytime, all the heat insulating ceiling 230 is closed. When lighting at night, the temperature inside the house 200 rises due to the heat generated by the fluorescent lamp 310. Therefore, the heat insulating ceiling 230 is opened and closed so that the floor temperature of the house is around 16 degrees, and the temperature inside the house 200 is adjusted. adjust. Especially in winter, the temperature is adjusted to be slightly higher than 16 degrees to compensate for the daytime floor temperature drop.

  In the summer season of heavy snowfall areas (for example, the Hokuriku region and the Japan Sea side of Tohoku region), farmers engage in the same means and conditions as in the temperate summer season. During the winter season in heavy snowfall, depending on the location, the outside air temperature is always zero degrees, so the opening and closing of the heat insulating ceiling 230 is controlled so that the floor temperature of the house is around 16 degrees. However, the irrigation temperature should be the same as the temperate well water.

In the subtropics (eg, the Okinawa region), agricultural workers lower the soil temperature by lowering the temperature of water (irrigation).
As described above, if an agricultural worker uses the plant cultivation house 100, temperate vegetables can be cultivated in any region.

Another method of the bed temperature adjusting means will be described with reference to FIG.
5 (a) is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the arrangement state of the circulating water channel of the plant cultivation house, and FIG. 5 (b) is a plan view showing the arrangement state of the circulating water channel. In the above-described floor temperature adjusting means, the floor temperature adjusting means is realized by adjusting the temperature of the irrigation water. However, the floor temperature adjusting means shown in FIG. As shown by the dotted line described in b), a circulation water channel 420 is separately arranged around the eaves 324. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), the circulating water channel 420 may be attached by being buried near the soil surface while avoiding the folds on the floor. As shown in FIG. 5B, the bed temperature adjusting means includes a pump 430 and circulates water circulating through the circulation water channel 420. The circulation water channel 420 is connected to a water storage tank 440 that temporarily stores water, and the water accumulated in the water storage tank 440 is circulated through the house again by the pump 430 after temperature adjustment.

  When irrigation water is used, heat is absorbed into the soil along with the water. However, in the case of the method of circulating water, the water returns again to the water storage tank, so that the heat accumulated in the water can be effectively reused. Therefore, if a circulating water channel is used, for example, the power of a heater that uses water for heating can be reduced, and the power cost can be reduced.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, the circulating water channel 420 may have fins 422 for transferring the heat of the water channel to the soil at the upper part or the lower part. By providing the fins 422, the surface area in contact with the soil increases, and the heat transfer effect from water can be enhanced.

  FIG. 6 shows a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the straw in the case of hydroponics. In the case of hydroponics, first, the ridge or the ground is dug so that a nutrient solution tank 500 (an example of a water tank) is formed, and a vinyl sheet 530 (an example of an impervious layer) thereon is not leaked. Lay down like so. After storing and filling the nutrient solution 520, the light reflection plate 510 made of, for example, a foam material having a small specific gravity is floated. The light reflecting plate 510 has a hole through which the plant 550 can be inserted from above. A pipe for injecting or taking the nutrient solution 520 is inserted into the nutrient solution tank 500 from above, and the nutrient solution 520 is circulated while controlling the temperature. The temperature of the nutrient solution tank 500 and thus the temperature of the ground surface 540 are controlled by heat conduction from the nutrient solution, and further, the temperature inside the house 200 is controlled by heat transfer.

  Referring to FIG. 1 again, the plant cultivation house 100 of the present embodiment is sealed by the roof 210 and the heat insulating wall 250, so that the air inside the house 200 and the outside air are not exchanged. . Therefore, oxygen generated from the plant 300 being cultivated easily fills the periphery of the plant 300. Since the state filled with oxygen inhibits the photosynthesis of the plant 300, the house 100 for plant cultivation according to the present embodiment emits the accumulated oxygen and promotes photosynthesis, so that the air circulation fan 334 is provided in the house 200. It has.

  While oxygen is filled around the plant 300, carbon dioxide is reduced by photosynthesis. The plant cultivation house of this embodiment includes a carbon dioxide cylinder 336 in order to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis. The plant cultivation house 100 takes carbon dioxide into the house 200 by a carbon dioxide cylinder 336. If a carbon dioxide sensor (not shown) for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide is provided inside the house 200, the operator opens and closes the carbon dioxide cylinder 336 based on the measurement value obtained by the carbon dioxide sensor. The concentration of carbon dioxide suitable for cultivation of the plant 300 can be maintained. Further, for example, in a system for controlling the carbon dioxide concentration provided with a carbon dioxide sensor, a computer, and a carbon dioxide cylinder 336, when the computer determines that the predetermined concentration is exceeded from the measured value of the carbon dioxide sensor, the carbon dioxide is It is also possible to automatically control the concentration of carbon dioxide inside the house 200 by sending an instruction signal sent to the inside of the house 200 to the carbon dioxide cylinder 336 to control the emission amount of carbon dioxide. Moreover, when the air circulation fan 334 sends a breeze around the plant 300, the concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen is made uniform, and the absorption of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen by photosynthesis become active.

  The plant cultivation house 100 of the present embodiment includes a duct 340 containing an ultraviolet lamp inside the house 200. An ultraviolet lamp is a lamp with a high ratio of ultraviolet radiation, for example, a mercury lamp. Since ultraviolet rays have a sterilizing effect, there is a safe circulating air sterilizing lamp that forcibly takes air into a duct 340 containing an ultraviolet lamp by a fan and sterilizes. In addition, by radiating ultraviolet rays into the house 200, for example, it is conceivable to suppress the propagation of pests. By disposing the above-mentioned air circulation fan 334 toward the ultraviolet lamp, the pests gather near the ultraviolet lamp, so that the sterilizing effect of the ultraviolet lamp is further enhanced.

  The house of the plant cultivation house 100 of the present embodiment is sealed with a roof 210 and a heat insulating wall 250. A farmer needs a doorway for farming, but if the plant cultivation house has a single door as a doorway, there is a possibility that pests will enter when the door is opened and closed. In addition, the temperature inside the house 200 is affected by outside air entering when the door is opened and closed. In the plant cultivation house 100 according to the present embodiment, the door of the entrance / exit is a double door (not shown) for the purpose of preventing the invasion of pests and outside air. If the door of the entrance / exit is a double door, even when one door is opened / closed, the other door is closed, so that the inside of the house 200 is secured and people can enter and exit. . The plant cultivation house 100 may include a revolving door instead of the double door.

  As described above, the underground temperature within 1 m underground where the roots of plants are located may be too high or too low for plant cultivation depending on the season. In addition, various germs may be propagated. Therefore, before starting the house use, farmers start cultivating irrigation containing sodium hypochlorite or a small amount of silver ions instead of fertilizer at a flow rate of about 50% of normal operation for about a week. To start.

  As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the above description should only be construed as an example showing how the invention may be implemented. In addition, the present invention can be carried out in a mode in which various improvements, modifications, and changes are added based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the house for plant cultivation which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the other example of the indoor heat insulation means of the house for plant cultivation which concerns on Embodiment 1, FIG. 2 (a) is a partial cross section which shows the case where a sheet-like heat insulation sheet is used for the heat insulation means for indoors. FIG. 2 and FIG. 2B are partial cross-sectional views showing a case where a plate-like ceiling member is used as the indoor heat insulating means. It is a graph which shows the annual fluctuation | variation of outside temperature and underground temperature. It is the elements on larger scale which show the lighting unit of the house for plant cultivation which concerns on Embodiment 1, and a part of a basket, FIG.4 (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a lighting unit, FIG.4 (b) is a row of fluorescent lamps FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view showing an illumination unit having two rows of fluorescent lamps. FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view showing an illumination unit having (an example of illumination means). It is a figure which shows an example of the circulation water channel of the house for plant cultivation which concerns on Embodiment 1, FIG. 5 (a) is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the arrangement | positioning condition of the circulation water channel of the house for plant cultivation, FIG.5 (b) is FIG. It is a top view which shows the arrangement | positioning condition of a circulating water channel. FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view showing an example of the vicinity of the straw in the case of hydroponics.

Explanation of symbols

100 House for plant cultivation 200 House 210 Roof (an example of heat dissipation means)
212 External surface 214 Aluminum foil 220 External wall 230 Thermal insulation ceiling (an example of indoor thermal insulation means)
231 Ceiling member 233 Heat shield sheet (an example of indoor heat insulating means)
241 Foam (an example of an indoor thermal insulation layer)
242 Aluminum foil (an example of indoor thermal barrier)
243 Rotating part 250 Thermal insulation wall (an example of indoor thermal insulation means)
251 Foam (an example of an indoor thermal insulation layer)
252 Aluminum foil (an example of a thermal barrier layer for indoor use)
253 Underground heat insulation wall 290 Beam 292 Pillar 300 Plant 310 Fluorescent lamp 312 Shade 314 Top 315 Opening 316 Light reflector 318 Cylinder 319 Cavity 320 Hoist 322 Waterway 324 ３ 326 Plant roof 328 Plant reflection layer 330 Fixed Section 332 Opening 334 Air circulation fan 336 Carbon dioxide cylinder 338 Sensible heat exchanger 340 Duct with ultraviolet lamp 400 Ground 410 External soil 420 Circulating water path 422 Fin 430 Pump 440 Water storage tank 500 Nutrient tank 510 Light reflector 520 Nourishment Liquid 530 Vinyl sheet 540 Ground 550 Plant

Claims (16)

A house formed by covering the floor with a roof and a wall, and blocking sunlight by the roof and the wall;
Illumination means for irradiating light to plants cultivated inside the house;
A heat dissipating means for dissipating heat inside the house to the outside of the house by heat radiation;
A plant cultivation house comprising: indoor heat insulation means that at least partially insulates heat transferred from the outside of the house to the inside of the house. The floor is composed of ground;
The house for plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the plant to be cultivated is a plant cultivated by soil on the ground.   The plant cultivation house according to claim 1, wherein the indoor heat insulating means can be opened and closed.   The plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the indoor heat insulating means has at least one of an indoor heat insulating layer that insulates conduction heat from the outside and an indoor heat insulating layer that blocks radiant heat from the outside. For house.   The heat dissipating means has at least a portion of the roof coated with a material having a reflectance in a visible light and near infrared region of 80% or more and an emissivity in a far infrared region of 70% or more. The house for plant cultivation according to claim 1 which is an outer surface.   Furthermore, the house for plant cultivation of Claim 1 which comprises the geothermal heat insulation means which heat-insulates the heat | fever transmitted from the soil outside the said house to the soil inside the said house. Furthermore, the shade which condenses the light irradiated from the said illumination means in the direction of a plant,
The house for plant cultivation according to claim 1, further comprising a cylindrical body that extends upward from the top of the shade and discharges the heat generated from the illumination means upward.   Furthermore, the house for plant cultivation of Claim 1 which equips the base of the said plant with the light reflection board which reflects the light irradiated by the said illumination means toward the said illumination means.   Furthermore, the radiant heat suppression layer which suppresses the radiant heat radiated | emitted toward the inside of the said house from the said roof which has a heat | fever is provided in the inner surface of at least one part of the said roof. A house for plant cultivation according to 1.   The plant cultivation house according to claim 1, further comprising a plant heat shielding unit that is located above the illumination unit and shields radiant heat radiated from the roof to the plant.   Furthermore, it comprises the sensible heat exchanger which exchanges the heat of the air inside the house and the heat of the air outside the house, and discharges moisture contained in the air inside the house to the outside of the house. The house for plant cultivation as described.   Furthermore, it comprises a floor temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the nutrient solution used for cultivation of the plant so as to adjust the temperature of the straw that is the soil around the plant by heat conduction from the nutrient solution. 2. House for plant cultivation according to 2. The floor temperature adjusting means is
Furthermore, a circulating water channel that is arranged near the surface of the floor and in which water flows and circulates;
A pump for causing the water to flow into the circulation channel;
A water storage tank for temporarily storing the water,
The house for plant cultivation according to claim 12, wherein the bed temperature is adjusted by heat conduction from the circulating water. A water tank formed by digging down the floor and covered with an impervious layer that is impermeable to water;
A light reflector that is located on a surface of a nutrient solution used for hydroponics of the plant stored in the water tank and reflects light emitted by the illumination unit toward the illumination unit. A house for plant cultivation according to 1.   15. The house for plant cultivation according to claim 14, wherein the light reflector supports the plant so as to be positioned on the surface of the nutrient solution.   The house for plant cultivation according to claim 14, further comprising floor temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the nutrient solution to circulate and adjusting the temperature of the floor surface by heat conduction from the nutrient solution.

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