RU223767U1 - TRAILED FORAGE HARVESTER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture. A trailed forage harvester consists of a body that is connected to a silo with a rotating mechanism. Inside the housing there are working parts in the form of a rotary moving apparatus, a screw and a grinding apparatus. The output of the grinding apparatus is connected to the lower part of the silo, which is connected through a rotating mechanism to the upper part of the silo. The upper part of the silo pipeline is rotatable. There is a rear service hatch in the rear part of the hull. An upper technological hatch is made between the rotating mechanism and the upper part of the silo pipeline. EFFECT: simplified maintenance of a trailed rotary forage harvester, designed with the ability to double chop the plant mass. 3 salary f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to trailed forage harvesters designed for: mowing, chopping and loading seeded and natural grasses, corn and other silage crops up to 1.5 m high into a vehicle, with subsequent use of the mass for direct feeding to animals or preparing feed [A01D41/02, A01D41/08].

A FORAGE HARVESTER is known from the prior art [RU 29206, publ. 05.10.2003], containing a rotary grinding unit, a silo pipeline installed on the chassis, and a working element, with each of the knives of the rotary grinding unit located between two disks mounted on the rotor shaft to form sections, the knives of each section are located around the circumference of the rotor on equal distances from each other and at equal angles to each other in the radial direction, characterized in that each knife in the section is additionally installed at an angle to the planes of the disks between which it is located, secured to the shaft with fasteners on the rear side, and equipped with a groove made along the body of the knife, above the place of its attachment, the knives of each section are located in a circle with an offset relative to the knives of neighboring sections, ensuring that the gap between them is closed, and the rotor shaft rotates with the ability to ensure cutting from bottom to top.

Also known from the prior art is a FORAGE HARVESTER SILOP duct [RU 14412, publ. 07/27/2000], including a base, an upper movable part connected to it by a rotating device and a drive mechanism, wherein the rotating device consists of two support rings, one of which is fixed to the base, and the other to the rotating part of the silo, and the second support ring is equipped with rollers in contact with the side surface of the first support ring and two half-rings, and the first support ring is placed between the half-rings and the second support ring, while the half-rings are secured to the second support ring with bolts, through cylindrical spacer bushings, and the rollers are mounted with the possibility of rotation on the spacer bushings, characterized in that the half rings are equipped with cylindrical sockets, in which spacer bushings are placed, having cylindrical protrusions, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical sockets of the half rings, and the height of the protrusions is not less than the depth of the socket.

Also known from the prior art is a FORAGE HARVESTER [RU 29438, publ. 05.20.2003], containing a single- or multi-strand harvester equipped with guide capes, a disk cutting apparatus in the form of two mutually overlapping disks having a counter-rotation carried out in a horizontal plane, a stem feeding mechanism consisting of two circuits of chains with legs located in the same plane on both sides of each stream, characterized in that the cutting apparatus disks are made in the form of polygonal stars, the edges of which are sharpened along the entire contour, the chains of at least two external streams of the stem feeding mechanism are installed with the possibility of narrowing the flows transported by them, cut stems towards neck of the chopping apparatus and are made in the form of paw links, during the movement of which the paws of one branch enter the interclaw spaces of another branch with the possibility of placing cut stems in the space between them, the cutting apparatus is located at the entrance to the stream, and the rotation mechanism of the stem feeding mechanism is a drive for the cutting apparatus.

The closest in technical essence is the FORAGE HARVESTER [https://souzbelagro.ru/pricepnoj-kormouborochnyj-kombajn-celikel-calabria-2100], which consists of a housing that is connected to a silo with a rotating mechanism, while the working parts are located inside the housing in the form of a rotary moving apparatus, a screw and a grinding apparatus, the output of which is connected to the lower part of the silo pipeline, which is connected through a rotating mechanism to the upper part of the silo pipeline, which is rotatable.

The main technical problem of the analogues and the prototype is the difficulty in servicing these devices due to the lack of technological hatches specially provided in the body to simplify access to the main functional elements.

The purpose of a utility model is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

The technical result is to simplify the maintenance of a trailed, rotary forage harvester, designed with the ability to double chop the plant mass.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the trailed forage harvester consists of a housing, which is connected to a silo chute with a rotating mechanism, while inside the casing there are working elements in the form of a rotary moving apparatus, an auger and a chopping apparatus, the output of the chopping apparatus is connected to the lower part of the silo chute , which is connected through a rotating mechanism to the upper part of the silo pipeline, the upper part of the silo pipeline is rotatable, characterized in that a rear technological hatch is made in the rear part of the housing, and an upper technological hatch is also made between the rotating mechanism and the upper part of the silo pipeline.

In particular, the rear technological hatch is made along the width of the hull.

In particular, the rear access hatch is rectangular.

In particular, the upper technological hatch is made rectangular.

Figure 1 shows a front view of a trailed forage harvester.

Figure 2 schematically shows the arrangement of functional elements inside the front part of the body of a trailed forage harvester.

Figure 3 shows a rear view of a trailed forage harvester.

The figures indicate: 1 - wheel; 2 - front part of the body; 3 - rotary driving apparatus; 4 - auger; 5 - grinding apparatus; 6 - lower part of the silo; 7 - rotary mechanism; 8 - upper part of the silo pipeline; 9 - technological window; 10 - rear hatch.

The trailed forage harvester is made on wheels 1, on which the body itself is placed. Under the protective cover of the front part of the housing 2 there are: a rotary driving apparatus 3, behind which there is an auger 4, behind which there is a chopping apparatus 5. These functional elements are the working parts of a trailed forage harvester. In this case, the rotary cutting apparatus of the combine 3 has L-shaped knives with a cutting edge. The rotary driving apparatus 3 is designed with the possibility of cutting the crop and its primary grinding, as well as with the possibility of feeding the primary crushed crop through the auger 4 to the grinding apparatus 4. The presence of L-shaped knives with a cutting edge ensures minimal damage to plant roots. This increases the yield of the second and subsequent cuttings and reduces contamination of the crushed mass with soil. The hinged fastening of the knives (not shown in the figure) reduces the likelihood of breakages from stones and other objects. The grinding apparatus 4 can be made in the form of a drum with knives located transversely to the movement of the primary crushed crop. The knives of the grinding apparatus 4 are permanently connected to the working blades (not indicated in the figure), which are configured to feed the crushed mass into the silo. The silo pipeline consists of the lower part 6 of the rotating mechanism 7 and the upper part 8, while between the rotating mechanism 7 and the upper part of the silo pipeline 8 there is a technological window 9 with an upper hatch (not indicated in the figure). In an embodiment, the hatch is made rectangular. The lower part of the silo 6 is made predominantly vertical and is connected to the body of the forage harvester. The upper part of the silo 8 is made curved with the possibility of rotation, through the rotating mechanism 7, and the possibility of placing the end part above the body of the vehicle into which the crushed mass is loaded. At the rear of the body there is a rear hatch 10 (in an embodiment, the rear hatch is made rectangular across the entire width of the combine body). Also, the combine, in an embodiment, is equipped with a device for sharpening chopper knives (not shown in the figure).

A trailed forage harvester operates as follows.

During operation, the rotary cutting device 3 mows the stems, coarsely (primary) chops and feeds the plant mass into the auger 4. The auger 4, in turn, is designed to supply the mowed plant mass to the chopping device 5. The chopping device 5 carries out the grinding (secondary) the mowed mass and transporting it to the lower part of the silo 6, through which the mowed and crushed mass is directed through the upper part of the silo 8 into the vehicle body. In this case, transportation is carried out taking into account the closed rear hatch 10, which performs a restrictive function, not allowing the crushed mass to pass through the combine body. The rotating mechanism 7 (made, for example, based on an electric motor) moves the tip of the upper part of the silo 8 to the desired position relative to the body into which the crushed mass is loaded (for its uniform loading). In an embodiment, the rotating mechanism 7 is configured to rotate the upper part of the silo 8 by 135 degrees. If the crushed mass needs to be left on the surface of the earth after mowing, open the technological hatch 10 in the rear part of the housing, in which case the crushed mass, without experiencing resistance in the rear part of the housing, does not have time to get into the lower part of the silo pipeline and remains on the ground, forming after mowing rows of crushed mass. Also, in case of servicing the combine, cleaning it or removing blockages from chopped tops, the rear hatch 10 allows access to all the main working parts of the combine from the rear side of the body. At the same time, the upper hatch allows access to the rotating mechanism 7, the upper 8 and lower 6 parts of the silo.

The stated technical result - simplification of maintenance of a trailed rotary forage harvester, designed with the ability to double chop the plant mass, is achieved due to the fact that in the rear part of the body there is a rear hatch 10 (through which, if necessary, the chopped mass can pass, bypassing the silo), when opened, unhindered access to all working parts of the combine is provided (rotary driving apparatus 3, auger 4, chopping apparatus 5). Thus, in case of breakdown, need for maintenance, cleaning, etc. These elements make access to them much easier, without the need to completely remove the combine body. At the same time, the stated technical result is achieved due to the fact that between the rotating mechanism 7 and the upper part of the silo 8 there is a technological window 9 with an upper hatch. This hatch allows you to gain unhindered access to the remaining functional elements of the combine, namely: the internal components of the rotating mechanism 7, the upper 8 and lower 6 parts of the silo pipeline. Thus, if it is necessary to eliminate breakdowns, maintain, clean from crushed plant matter, etc. there is no need to dismantle the upper part of the silo pipeline 8; for most operations, it is sufficient to use the hatch in the technological window 9. Thus, thanks to the presence of the technological window 9 with the upper hatch and the presence of the rear hatch 10, the stated technical result is achieved, since it is with this arrangement that the simplified access to all main functional elements of the combine, both in its upper and lower parts. In embodiments, the specified shape of the hatches makes it possible to achieve the largest possible working space for servicing combines.

An example of achieving the stated result.

In 2023, a series of tests was carried out on the proposed solutions, in comparison with solutions known from the prior art, in which either the rear hatch 10, or the top hatch, or both hatches were absent. The progress of the tests showed that thanks to the stated solution, the process of servicing the combine was significantly simplified, which affected the speed of service, which was reduced on average from 20 to 80 percent. These indicators were achieved due to the fact that complex and time-consuming technological operations were not required to access the main functional elements.

Also during the tests, the following main features of the claimed technical solution were noted:

the forage harvester is a trailed machine without an operator's workplace, controlled and serviced by a tractor driver, ensuring the minimum cost of harvesting grass for green fodder;

work with double grinding is ensured;

grass is mowed and placed in a windrow, followed by selection, chopping and loading into a vehicle;

mowing and chopping of potato and beet tops with scattering across the field or loading into a vehicle is provided;

The combine harvester is equipped as standard with a device for sharpening chopper blades;

it is possible to rotate the silo pipeline by 135 degrees, which allows for uniform loading of the trailer along its length.

Example implementation.

The applicant produced options for implementing the claimed technical solution with characteristics in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1

Characteristics Working width, mm 1500 1800 2100 Required power, hp 60 75 100 Weight, kg 925 975 1045 Number of rotary knives, pcs. 36 48 56 Number of chopper knives, pcs. 10 10 10 Number of feeding blades, pcs. 10 10 10 Rotor speed, rpm 2250 2250 2250 PTO, rpm 540 540 540 Grinding fraction, mm 20-70 20-70 20-70 Cutting height, mm 50-150 50-150 50-150 Productivity, t/h 20 25 thirty Dimensions in transport position L/W/H 3170/2540/2355 3170/2840/2355 3170/3140/2355 Dimensions in working position L/W/H 2400/2535/3700 2400/2835/3700 3170/3135/3700

The claimed device is a single product, which is entirely manufactured at the manufacturer through assembly operations. All functional elements of the product are interconnected through mechanical or electrical connections.

Claims (4)

1. Trailed forage harvester, consisting of a body that is connected to a silo line with a rotating mechanism, while inside the body there are working parts in the form of a rotary moving apparatus, an auger and a chopping device, the output of the chopping device is connected to the lower part of the silo line, which is connected through a rotating mechanism with the upper part of the silo pipeline, the upper part of the silo pipeline is made with the possibility of rotation, characterized in that a rear technological hatch is made in the rear part of the housing, and an upper technological hatch is also made between the rotating mechanism and the upper part of the silo pipeline. 2. The combine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear technological hatch is made along the width of the body. 3. The combine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear technological hatch is made rectangular. 4. The combine according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper technological hatch is made rectangular.