RU2233058C1 - Method for cultivation of cucurbitaceous crops, preferably, food kinds of water melon citrullus lanatus (thunb.)matsum. et nakai - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, cultivation of vegetable, cucurbits and other tilled crops.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting slits to depth greater than depth of plow layer; providing drilling and multiple procedures of interrow cultivation; after completing of covering harrowing process, cutting cross slits on plowed field, with slit spacing being 1.4±0.1 m and slit depth being greater than that of plow layer by 0.12-0.20 m; forming in spacing between slits on cucurbits field surface southern and northern exposure ridges of different sizes, said ridges being inclined at different angles with respect to horizontal plane, with southern exposure ridges being inclined at an angle of 8-25 deg to horizontal plane and northern exposure ridges being inclined at an angle of 55-80 deg to horizontal plane; providing depth of slots between ridges smaller or equal to water melon seeding depth; aligning said slots with slit mouth ends; before seeding process, killing heat-loving weeds; seeding onto ridges to depth of 0.06-0.08 m; covering seeds in rows with soil; providing interrow cultivation procedures by moving cultivator units along spacing between young crop rows.

EFFECT: improved conditions for growing of cucurbits crop seeds and reduced time for ripening of consumer fruit.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of melons, vegetables and other row crops.

A known method of dealing with water erosion of the soil, including the slitting of the soil with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers in the gap, in which, in order to increase the productivity of crops by increasing the water-regulating ability of the cracks, at the time of cutting the cracks in its walls on both sides at the depth of seeding form horizontal recesses on which seeds are sown, after which the walls of the slit and the soil crumbling into the slit are irrigated with a nutrient solution, and on the area not occupied by slots, produce sowing of the main culture (SU, copyright certificate No. 882433, IPC ³ A 01 B 13/16. Method of controlling water soil erosion / Lomakin MM, Kochedikov VF, Poryadin VA (USSR). - Application No. 2800134 / 30-15; Claimed 07/06/1979; Publ. 26.11.1981, Bull. No. 43 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1981. - No. 43).

Gourds, in particular table watermelon varieties, are sown to a depth of 8-12 cm with a row spacing of 1.4 m. Sowing watermelon seeds in the aisles of slots does not differ from sowing according to the basic technology. For seed germination, the temperature of the soil should not be lower than 15-18 ° C in the seed layer.

The closest analogue to the claimed object relates to a method of cultivation of vegetable crops, mainly tomatoes, including planting, inter-row cultivation and cutting in the soil cracks, in which, in order to reduce water erosion of the soil and increase productivity during inter-row cultivation, the cracks are cut 5-7 cm deeper arable layer simultaneously with planting between the rows, and at inter-row update processing plants slit using them as guide elements (SU, Inventor's certificate №895304, ³ IPC a 01 B 79/02. The process cultivation of vegetable crops // Rudenko N.E., Orlov V.N. (USSR) - Application No. 2980582 / 30-15; Stated 08/27/1980; Publish. 07.01.1982, Bull. No. 1 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1982. - No. 1).

When cultivating gourds in the southeast of the European part of the Russian Federation, the availability of soil available moisture is a guarantee of obtaining high yields of gourds, including and watermelon. In the described method, the slots made are used only as guides for orienting the movement of cultivating aggregates. The described method does not provide early crops due to the low temperature of the soil in the seed layer. For gourds, weed vegetation should be nullified at all stages of plant development and fruit formation.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to improve the conditions for growing seeds of melons.

The technical result is a reduction in the ripening time of marketable fruits of table varieties of watermelon.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of cultivation of gourds, mainly table varieties of watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thub.) Matsum. et Nakai, including cutting slots deeper than the arable horizon, sowing and row-spacing, according to the invention, after integumentary harrowing across the plowed field, cut slits with a pitch of 1.4 m ± 0.1 m deeper than the arable horizon by 0.12-0.20 m, in inter-crevice space is formed by ridges of southern and northern expositions that are different in size and slant towards the horizon, inter-crest cavities are combined with the mouths of crevices, heat-loving weeds are destroyed before sowing, seeds are sown on ridges 0.06-0.08 m deep and rolled, and inter-row processing is carried out they are affected by the movement of cultivating units along the spacing of seedlings; ridges of the southern exposure are performed with an angle of inclination to the horizon equal to 8-25 °; ridges of the northern exposure are performed with an angle of inclination to the horizon equal to 55-80 °; the depth of the intercostal depressions is less than or equal to the sowing depth of seeds of table watermelon varieties.

Due to the aeration of the arable layer and the arable root horizons and the heat supply of the crests of the southern exposures, an early sowing period of melons and germs, the emergence of seedlings and the achievement of the specified technical result is achieved - a reduction in the ripening time of marketable fruits of table watermelon varieties, their uniformity in size and increased taste.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the soil and subsoil horizons with slots and different slopes of the southern and northern expositions.

In Fig.2 - the same, after sowing seeds of gourds in the ridges.

Figure 3 - the same, after the appearance of 3-4 leaves on the shoots of watermelon and the first inter-row cultivation.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

After harvesting the predecessor in the future gourd field, dump plowing is carried out to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m. In the early spring period, cover harrowing is carried out with tooth harrows ЗБ СС-1,0 in two tracks across the ridges of the plowed field. This method destroys the early cold-resistant weeds and levels the surface of the field. The teeth of the harrows loosen the soil layer to a depth of 3-4 cm to agronomically valuable soil fractions. A method of cultivating gourds, mainly table varieties of watermelon, in the southeast of the European part of Russia involves cutting cracks deeper into the arable horizon, sowing and inter-row cultivation. After integumentary harrowing across the plowed field, slits 1 are cut (see Fig. 4) 1.6-2.0 cm wide with a step of 1.4 m ± 0.1, equal to the row-spacing of future melon crops. Slots 1 run deeper than arable horizon 2 by 0.12-0.20 m. Chisel bits are at a depth of 0.40-0.45 m from the field surface. At the same time, ridges 3 and 4 of the southern and northern exposures are formed in the inter-crevice space, which are of different sizes and inclined to the horizon. The intercostal depressions 5 are combined with the mouths of the slots 1. The ridges 3 of the southern exposure are performed with an inclination angle to the horizon of 8-25 °. This ensures the heating of the seed layer. The ridges 4 of the northern exposure are performed with an angle of inclination to the horizon of 55-80 °. The depth of the intercostal depressions is less than or equal to the sowing depth of the seeds of table watermelon varieties. Regardless of the orientation of the sides of the melon field to the cardinal points, slots 1 must be made either perpendicular to the direction of the general slope, or with slight deviations from the orthogonal direction. This ensures the largest catchment during precipitation in the spring and rainfall in the summer. This eliminates water erosion of the soil on the melon field and plants are provided with soil moisture. Before sowing, heat-loving weeds are destroyed by moving harrow-grooves along ridges 3 and 4. Sowing seeds of 6 table watermelon varieties is carried out on ridges 3 of the southern exposure with a depth of 0.06-0.08 m, and the rows are rolled (see figure 2).

Inter-row processing is carried out by moving cultivating aggregates along the row-spacing of 7 seedlings 8.

The presence of heat and available moisture orient the roots of the watermelon in slot 1. The shift of the seedlings 8 from the slots 1 eliminates their washing off during rainfall in the summer. When cultivating a table watermelon of Bykovsky 22 variety in Bykovsky district of the Volgograd region, 60-70% of fruits with good presentation and good taste (4.7 points) ripened 16 days earlier than on the control field, when cultivated according to the basic recommended technology.

Claims (4)

1. The method of cultivation of gourds, mainly table varieties of watermelon Citrullus lantaus (Thunb.) Matsum et Nakai, including cutting cracks deeper than the arable horizon, sowing and row-spacings, characterized in that after cover harrowing across the plowed field, cut gaps in increments of 1.4 m ± 0.1 m deeper than the arable horizon by 0.12-0.20 m, crests of the southern and northern exposures are formed in the inter-crevice space, different and inclined to the horizon, the inter-crest cavities are combined with the mouths of the crevices, and heat-loving weeds are destroyed before sowing ki, to produce seed sowing depth crests 0.06 - 0.08 m and a rolled down, and the inter-row processing is performed by moving the cultivator aggregates aisle germination. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ridges of the southern exposure are performed with an angle of inclination to the horizon of 8-25 °. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ridges of the northern exposure are performed with an angle of inclination to the horizon equal to 55 - 80 °. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the intercostal depressions is less than or equal to the sowing depth of the seeds of table watermelon varieties.

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