SU1817666A3 - Method for crowing lupine for seed - Google Patents

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UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

USSR STATE PATENT OFFICE "" SU 1817666 AZ (51) 5 A 01 B 79/02 __________________ (GOSPATENT of the USSR)

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Patent-T & S |

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TO PATENT (21) 4925705/15 (22) 04/08/91 (46) 05/23/93. Bull. No. 19 (71) All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Use of Reclaimed Land (72) Yu.I. Mitrofanov and T.N. Mitrofanova (73) All-Russian Institute for Agricultural Use of Land Reclamation (56) Alekseev E.K., Strelkov I.G. As a half-, learn a high yield of lupine. Minsk: State of the BSSR, 1948.

Lupine yellow on the seeds. Intensive technology, Moscow: VO Agropromizdat, 1988.

(54) METHOD FOR CROPING LUPINE IN SEEDS (57) Use: in agriculture, in particular in the processes of growing lupine for seeds. The inventive for the cultivation of lupine are preparing the soil for sowing by cutting ridges in the autumn. Seeds are sown in the center of the ridge. In the phase of ripening of the beans of the lower branches, the root system of the plants is trimmed at the base of the ridge to dry the plants and accelerate the ripening of the grain.

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the technology of cultivating lupine seeds.

The aim of the invention is to create the most favorable conditions for the ripening of seeds in areas of unstable ripening of lupine and improve seed quality.

This goal is achieved by preparing the soil for sowing by cutting ridges in the autumn, sowing seeds in the center of the ridge, and during the ripening phase of the lower branches, cutting the root system of the plants at the base of the ridge to dry the plants and accelerate grain maturation.

Autumn tillage - cutting ridges after plowing - contributes to faster spring ripening of the soil, which allows for sowing seeds in the first half of April. Sowing seeds in the ridges increases the field germination and preservation of plants for harvesting. The row spacing is 70 cm. This width improves the phyto-sanitary state of crops, the number of seeds sown is reduced, and the ventilation of plants is improved.

Upon reaching physiological ripeness of the grain, the root system of the plants is trimmed. In this case, the connection of the plant root system with the soil is disrupted, and the plants practically stop the vegetation, while remaining in an upright position.

The use of these agricultural techniques promotes seed ripening in areas of unstable ripening of lupine, and allows the cultivation of lupine seeds where it was practically impossible due to its relative late maturity.

The method is as follows.

After harvesting the preceding, mainly grain crop cultivated on the field, stubble cultivation is carried out to a depth of 6-8 cm with disk or plow cultivators. 2-3 weeks later

1817666 AZ plowing by plows with skimmers. Then carry out cultivation to a depth of 10-12 cm in two tracks. After cultivation, cutting ridges with a height of 28-30 cm is carried out. The ridges are formed at a distance from one another, equal to one row spacing, in this case 70 cm. Fertilizers are applied depending on soil fertility, taking into account the mobile forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. On unproductive soils, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied in a ratio of 1: 2 (40-60 kg of phosphorus and 80-120 kg of potassium per 1 ha).

In spring, for loosening the soil and destroying weed seedlings, the ridges are cultivated with a KRN-4.2 cultivator with rotary harrows BRU-0.7. Before sowing, to create the profile of ridges necessary for sowing, harrowing is carried out with mesh harrows.

5-6 days before sowing, seeds are treated with foundationazole (3 kg / t), before sowing, the seeds are treated with nitragin (200 g per hectare seed rate).

Sowing of seeds is carried out strictly in the center of the ridge to a depth of 2-3 cm with a seeding rate of 0.5-0.6 million / ha. At the same time, seeders for row crops and vegetables are used (СО 4,2).

2-3 days after sowing, chemical weeding of crops of mixtures of promethrin (0.5 kg / ha) and simazine (1.0 kg / ha) is carried out. The herbicide is introduced with a boom sprayer, the flow rate of the working fluid is 200-300 l / ha.

To destroy weeds in the crops of lupine, inter-row treatments with rotary harrows are carried out. The comb method of growing lupine allows the first inter-row processing to be carried out in the white thread phase until sprouts of lupine appear when the seedlings or sorties of seedlings reach the white thread or fork phase. The second - in the phase of 4-5 leaves, the third - when the plants reach 12-15 cm in height, and if necessary, the fourth 8-10 days after the third. ’'

When physiological ripeness of the grains of the lower and middle branches is achieved, the root system of the plants is trimmed at the level of the base of the ridges. When choosing the term for cutting plants, it is also necessary to keep in mind that the threshing period of lupine falls at the end of August and the beginning of September. Pruning is carried out so that the plants remain upright or are slightly inclined. Cropping is carried out using lancet paws.

Lupine seeds are harvested in late August - early September by direct combining.

Table 1 shows how the method of tillage affects the number of weed seedlings in the early spring.

With early sowing of lupine, much more time passes from sowing to emergence of seedlings, as a result of early sowing can be heavily clogged with weeds. At the same time, surveys of weed emergence before the first pre-sowing cultivation of the soil showed that autumn cutting of ridges accelerates the germination of weed seeds. On average, over two years the number of weed seedlings on the ridge surface was more than 2.5 times greater than on the control variant.

During the growing season, observations were made on the density of plant standing. As a result, it was revealed that the comb method of sowing increases the safety of plants for harvesting. Data on the safety of plants with different methods of sowing in percent are presented in table 2.

The results of the influence of the method of tillage and the method of sowing on the productivity of lupine are presented in table.Z.

The influence of the cultivation method on the maturation of lupine is presented in table 4. .

Data on the effect of trimming the root system on the maturation of lupine are presented in Table 5.

The proposed method of cultivating lupine for seeds has the following technical and economic advantages: it allows the cultivation of lupine for seeds in areas of unstable ripening of seeds; with ridge wide-row sowing, the lupine yield reaches an average of 27 centner / ha of grain; ridge sowing enables active row-spacing processing until sprouting of lupine; the application of this method does not require special devices, tools for caring for planting potatoes can be used, seed ripening is accelerated. By the end of August - early September, the number of physiologically mature beans is 88.9%.

Claims (1)

Claim A method of cultivating lupine for seeds, including preparing the soil for sowing, sowing seeds, caring for plants by inter-row cultivation, harvesting, characterized in that, in order to create the most favorable conditions for seed ripening in the works of unstable ripening of lupine and improving the quality of seeds, soil preparation for sowing is carried out by cutting ridges in the autumn period, seed sowing is carried out in the center of the ridge, and in the phase of ripening of the beans of the lower branches, the root system of plants is trimmed at the base of the ridge. Table 1 Autumn tillage The number of seedlings of weeds, pcs / m ² % to control 04/16/89 g 04/19.90 g Average Plowing (control) 108 86 97 100 Plowing + cutting ridges 280 227 252 254 Table 2 Grade Sowing Method Private Wide row Grebneva BSHA - 382 75.9 78.0 88.4 Nemchinovsky-846 74.1 83.8 85.9 Table 3 Technology Autumn tillage Sowing Method Nemchinovsky-846 BSHA-382 1989 g 1990 g Average 1990 g Basic Plowing Wide row comb 23.6 31.5 18.0 22.4 20.8 27.0 23.8 29.3 Experienced Plowing + cutting ridges Wide row 29.0 21.8 25.9 25.6 Table 4 Field surface shape Total The number of beans per 1 plant including immature physiologically mature lykh mature PCS. % PCS. .........% PCS. % Smooth 142 ⁸⁸ 62.0 26 13.3 28 24.7 Comb 206 10 4.9 49 23.8 147 71.3 Ί Table 5 View Grade Year Option The number of beans per 10 rast. PCS % ripe beans Total including mature immature Academic 1989 without 160 96 64 60.0 chesky - 1 res. with undercut. 196 178 18 90.8 Yellow Narochan 1989 without 139 16 23 41.0 sky res. with undercut. 172 116 56 67.4 BSHA? 1990 without 244 163 81 66,2 382 res. with undercut. 239 221 18 92.5 Uzkolist- 1989 without 276 219 57 79.3 ny Nemchi res. novskiy- with undercut. 266 254 12 95.5 846. 1990 without 205 133 72 64.9 res. with undercut. 207 199 8 96.1