RU2232488C2 - Method for terracing of mountain slopes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, development of sloped lands for cultivation of fruit and other crops.

SUBSTANCE: method involves forming terraces by periodically plowing strips; gradually shifting humus layer onto spilled part of strips and accumulating it along lower boundaries of strips for further transfer onto bed of terraces for final forming thereof, beginning from slope lower part; providing flattening to horizontal subsoil ground, which is revealed as a result of periodical plowing and displacement of humus layer onto strip spilled part, and mellowing humus layer; growing farm crops on humus layer.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in terracing of mountain slopes with humus layer being kept.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the development of sloping lands for fruit and other crops.

There are various methods of terracing slopes while preserving the humus layer of the soil [1].

However, all these methods require significant capital investments in the implementation, which pay off only after a number of years, which reduces their effectiveness.

The purpose of the invention is the development of a highly effective method of terracing mountain slopes while preserving the humus layer.

This goal is achieved in that the arrangement of terraces on the slopes, starting from gentle (4-5 °), is done by periodically plowing the terrace strips with an aggregate with a four-body mounted plow, the multiplicity of which depends on the width of the strips, the thickness of the soil cover and the steepness of the slope with movement during each plowing the humus layer to the lower border of the strips of 45-50 cm and growing on them annually up to two crops of crops, for example, due to the sowing of winter crops in autumn and harvest in early summer with a flattening to the mountains they dug subsurface soil, starting from the fourth plowing, and on slopes steeper than 16-18 °, a track is preliminarily drawn along the upper border of the strips by a universal bulldozer pass, followed by plowing them periodically until the mass of humus soil accumulates along the lower border of the strips and thus does not less than two consecutively located quarters of the slope, the retrofitting of terraces is accelerated due to the share of income received during the years of periodically plowing strips from the the cultivation of crops, a mechanized link of two universal bulldozers (terraces) and a non-dumping arable unit in the sequence, the displacement of the humus layer accumulated along the lower boundary of the lower strip of the projected terrace beyond the strip by uniformly translational movement of the universal bulldozers, then loosening the non-dumping aggregate on an increased the speed of the subsoil, exposed when plowing strips and exposed when sheared by dumps of bulldozers of the humus layer, by about quarters in a shuttle manner, which is subsequently shifted to the bulk of the strips with uniformly progressive movement of bulldozers each in its own quarter, forming a terrace cloth with a predetermined profile and a vertical digging slope, after which the mechanized link goes to the next terrace, from which the bulldozers move the humus layer on the canvas of the first terrace, leaving a strip of pristine sod 8 of the lower part of the terrace strip with a width of at least 0.5-1 m, depending on the height of the excavation slope of the first and subsequent t Rras as a temporary backup for the soil of loose slopes of the second and subsequent terraces with a cycle to the upper cultivated humus soil of the lower strip of the terrace using a scraper, after which the humus soil is leveled by the bulldozers on the terrace cloth, and in areas with heavy rainfall it is usually stormy in nature possible flushing of the soil on sloping and steep slopes, the plowing is stray, alternating in the first 1-2 years.

Experimental testing of the proposed method shook high efficiency:

1. The preliminary stage - the periodic plowing of terrace strips - in the feasibility of combining the following land reclamation techniques, namely:

- gradually moving the humus layer into the bulk of the strips and accumulating it along their lower boundaries for the pass, subsequently onto the canvas of the terraces that are being re-equipped with the preservation of the humus layer, starting from the bottom of the slope;

- horizontal flattening of the subsoil, exposed as a result of periodic plowing with the movement of the humus layer in the bulk of the strips;

- income from the crops of cultivated plants - winter and crop in periodically plowed strips, i.e. up to two crops per year;

- in economically viable farms it is advisable to carry out two-three-fold plowing of terrace strips per season, timed each to the phase of complete heading of natural grass stand; including the possibility of sowing winter crops (rapeseed) and green manure crops for use as green fertilizer on terraced slopes, essentially without a one-time investment.

2. The main stage - retrofitting with the preservation of the humus layer of the terraces due to the share of income received at the preliminary stage - in increasing the productivity of universal bulldozers up to 40% due to loosening of subsoil soil before each of their working cycles, which allows them to perform uniformly translational movement in the working position instead well-known reciprocating with turns towards the embankment during the usual excavation-embankment terracing of mountain slopes.

Sourse of information

1. E.G. Rauzin, K.Zh. Zhidebaev, V.I. Sokolov. Gardens on the terraces. Alma-Ata, Kainar, 1982.

Claims (1)

A method of terracing mountain slopes, including the preservation of the humus layer of soil on their canvas, characterized in that the terraces on the slopes, starting with gentle (4-5 °), are produced by periodically plowing the terrace strips with an aggregate with a 4-body mounted plow, the frequency of which depends from the width of the strips, the thickness of the soil cover and the steepness of the slope, with each humus layer being plowed to the lower border of the terrace strips by 45-50 cm and growing up to 2 crop yields on them annually, for example, put m sowing winter crops in autumn and harvest at the beginning of summer, with flattening of the subsoil horizontally to the horizontal, starting from the fourth plowing, while on slopes steeper than 16-18 °, a route is preliminarily run along the upper border of the strips with a universal bulldozer followed by plowing them periodically until possible complete accumulation of the mass of humus soil along the lower boundary of the strips and after preparing at least two consecutively located quarters of the slope in this way, the terra with a mechanized link of two universal bulldozers and a non-moldboard arable unit by mixing the humus layer accumulated along the lower boundary of the lower strip of the projected terrace, outside the strip by uniformly translating universal bulldozers, and then loosening the moldless aggregate at an elevated speed of the subsoil soil discovered by plowing strips , and exposed during shear by the dumps of bulldozers of the humus layer, in both quarters by shuttle method, shifted further after it the bulk part of the strips by the uniformly translational movement of the bulldozers, each in its own quarter, with the formation of a terrace cloth with a given profile and a vertical digging slope, after which the mechanized link goes to the next terrace, from which the bulldozers move the humus layer onto the first terrace canvas, leaving the strip untouched sods in the lower part of the terrace strip with a width of at least 0.5-1.0 m, depending on the height of the excavation slope of the first and subsequent terraces, and the steepness of the slope, in the form of a temporary temporary support tera for the soil of loose slopes of the second and subsequent terraces with a cycle repeating to the upper cultivated humus soil of the lower strip of the terrace with a scraper, after which the humus soil is leveled with bulldozers on the terrace cloth, in addition, in areas with heavy rainfall on steep and steep slopes, they are plowed stray, alternating in the first 1-2 years.