RU2197079C2 - Method for creation of protective plantations around industrial enterprises contaminating environment with industrial outbursts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural and municipal management. SUBSTANCE: method involves creating protecting plantations by forming terraces along perimeter of industrial enterprise and simultaneously providing road bed of ground by shearing top fertile layer aside and banking it; forming flattened and steep slope ridges at both sides of road, with steep slope ridges being oriented toward maximum illumination side; forming ridges along road by digging "semi-depression - semi-bank" ditch system; laying subsoil irrigation pipelines on ditch bottom; filling ditch space above pipelines with fertile soil extracted by opening works, with thickness of soil layer being 0.7-1.2 m; leveling relief in ditches; planting stable woody plants, which are arranged at predetermined space from one another in row, which extends axially of ditch; sowing flattened slopes with perennial, preferably cereal, grasses and planting these slopes with bushes; hydraulically connecting ends of subsurface irrigation pipelines in drainage pits through valves to delivery water supplying system. Ridges and road bed are formed at single level. EFFECT: reduced spreading of industrial outbursts in environment and improved sanitary and ecological state around industrial enterprises situated in densely populated regions and megalopolises. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and urban economy, in particular to measures aimed at improving the environmental situation around industrial enterprises located in the arid zone.

A known method of protecting soils from water erosion in gardens located on the slopes, including cutting soil across the slope and applying fertilizers, in which, in order to improve the quality of the erosion protection of stony soils and reduce material costs between the tree trunks, vertical holes are drilled, cut in their upper part pits, which are connected by grooves along the upper edge, and dug soil is poured along the lower edges of the pits, while the ratio of the hole depth to its diameter is chosen to be twice as large as the ratio h slaughter of pits and grooves; in order to ensure normal supply of the root system with nutrients, vertical holes are filled annually, and the latter are made according to the projection of the tree crowns (SU, copyright certificate 865145, class C. ³ A 01 B 13/16. Method of protecting soil from water erosion in gardens located on the slopes./A.T. Iranian, G.A. Tovmasyan.

 The disadvantages of this method in relation to the decisive problem include the high cost of manual labor and the high cost of 1 p. Km. established stands to protect the soil and the environment.

 A known method of creating woodland in a checkerboard pattern on adjacent terraces as plant biogroups and landscaping populated areas (Galaev I.A. Forest-land arrangement of girder lands in the Rostov region. Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of agricultural sciences. Specialty: 03.03.04 "Agroforestry improvement and protective afforestation, landscaping of populated areas ". - Volgograd, p.26 - 21, Fig. 2).

 The disadvantages of this method include the fact that great difficulties are caused by the planting of tree stands on the steep slopes of terraces and the high fire hazard of the stands created from tree crops.

There is also known a method of securing mountain slopes, including the creation of terraces and their subsequent afforestation, in which, in order to reduce the erosion of the bulk of the terrace in the initial period of development of the root system after planting seedlings and reduce its total duration, seedlings are trimmed before planting on the bulk of the seedlings at a distance from the root neck, determined by the thickness of the roots, in the range of 0.5-1.0 cm, but not more than 15-20 (SU, copyright certificate 895359, Mcl ^3. A 01 G 23/00. Method of fixing mountain slopes ./V.D.D emyanov, B.F. Ostapenko. Declared June 18, 80, published January 7, 82)

 The disadvantages of the described method in the problem being solved include the low survival rate of tree stands in the arid zone of the south of the Russian Federation and their short service life.

The closest analogue of the claimed technology to create protective plantings around industrial enterprises is a method of biological environmental protection from ecotoxicants, including planting the territories of industrial enterprises with green plantings, in which according to the invention a complex planting of territories is carried out by tree species of different families in combination with herbaceous plants resistant to toxicants, and to enhance the detoxification ability of tree species, their crowns are treated with an aqueous extract cultivated herbs (RU, patent 2092031 C1, IPC ⁶ A 01 G 23/00. Method for biological protection of the environment from toxicants. / F. I. Gilmiyarova, V. M. Radochinskaya, L. N. Vinogradova and others. Application 94019613 / 13, claimed May 26, 1994, publ. 10/10/97).

 This method is adopted as the closest analogue.

 The disadvantages of this method include the high cost of stands, low fire resistance and short service life of stands in conditions of insufficient moisture.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the creation in the arid territories of sustainable plant and wood communities around industrial enterprises, accumulating in the local zone emissions of industrial enterprises containing heavy metals.

 EFFECT: stable perennial tree plantations up to 30 m high, improved moisture supply of the plantations, accumulation of mortmass and bedding from fallen leaves with dust deposited on them containing pollutants in the inter-ridge depressions, exclusion of fire hazard zones.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of creating protective plantings around industrial enterprises polluting the environment with industrial emissions, including planting the territories of industrial enterprises with green spaces in combination with herbaceous plants resistant to toxicants, according to the invention, terraces are created along the perimeter of the industrial enterprise, followed by afforestation, and simultaneously with the formation of terraces form the fabric of the technological road by ypki ground, and operate on the sides of the road with sloping ridges and steep slopes. At the same time, steep slopes form towards the highest illumination, ridges along the technological road are cut by ditches according to the "half-excavation-half-burial" system, and irrigation pipes for subsoil irrigation are laid on the bottom of the ditches, after which the ditches above the pipes are filled with 0.7-1 fertile soil, 2 m, the terrain is leveled, and woody crops of resistant species are planted along the axis of the ditches with a given step, and gentle slopes are tinned with perennial, preferably cereal, grasses and / or planted with shrubs, while the ends of the pipes Irrigation in the drainage wells is connected hydraulically by means of valves with a pressurized water supply system, the ridges and the roadbed are formed at the same level.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 Figure 1 shows an industrial enterprise, fenced around the perimeter with a protective planting, plan view.

 In FIG. 2 - section aa in figure 1, a transverse vertical section of the proposed terrace with protective plantings in the inter-ridge depressions.

 Figure 3 is the same plan view.

 Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed method of creating protective plantings around industrial enterprises polluting the environment with industrial emissions.

 Protective plantings around industrial enterprises polluting the environment are created in three stages, preferably along a closed perimeter with straight sections of plantings.

At the first stage, overburden excavation is carried out. The upper fertile soil layer 1 is shifted sideways by a bulldozer from the laid track 2-8. Highway 2-8 is a closed polygonal line laid along the perimeter of an industrial enterprise. Next, a bulk web 9 of the technological road is formed from the soil. At the same time, when filling the web 9 with equal distance from the vertical axis of the web 9, bulk ridges 10 and 11 are formed. Each ridge 10 (11) has slopes 12 and 13 differently inclined to the horizontal. Slopes 13 are made with an inclination angle of less than 90 ^° . Slopes 13 are oriented preferably toward the south or west. Slopes 12 are shallow with a slope to the horizon less than 45 ^o . Slopes 12 and 13 are carried out by a serial channel digger with adjustable bermoochistami. The ridges 10 and 11 are made according to the system of "half-notch-half-mound" from the underlying soil. At the bottom of the ditches 14, 15, 16 and 17 lay irrigation pipes made of plastic for subsurface irrigation. Pipes 18 are covered with a fertile soil layer 20 displaced by bulldozer into the shafts. The fertile layer 20 is taken from the shafts by scraper, then transported into the ditches between the slopes 12 and 13. The ditches above the pipes are filled with fertile soil with a thickness of 0.7-1.2 m. 2126 based on the YuMZ-6LS tractor.

 The straight sections of the route 2-8 end with drainage wells 22 for outputting the ends of the plastic irrigation pipes 18, which are hydraulically connected via valves to the water supply system.

 At the second stage, seedlings of 23 tree stands are planted along the axis of the ditches over the pipelines between ridges 10 and 11 and technological road 9. Of the tree stands for the south of the Russian Federation, black poplar is preferred. Landing is carried out by a forest planting machine MLS-1 in an aggregate with a tractor DT-75.

 A characteristic feature of poplar plantings (black sedge) is that the creation of tree plantings can be carried out by planting cuttings from its branches in the late autumn period. Landing step 1.5-2.5 m.

 Thus, on the sides (left and right of the axis) of the technological road 9, ridges 10 and 11 with shallow and steep slopes 12 and 13 are made by filling and cutting soil. Steep slopes 13 form towards the highest illumination. In the conditions of the Lower Volga, these slopes, as a rule, do not have vegetation and are fire lanes to exclude the spread of fire sources. The ridges 10 and 11 are made by cutting ditches according to the "half-notch-half-mound" system. After laying irrigation pipes 18 for intrasoil irrigation at the bottom of the ditches, the gentle slopes 12 are tinned with perennial, preferably cereal, grasses (hedgehog, fescue, pasture ryegrass, wheatgrass, etc.) and / or planted with shrub 24 for the greatest accumulation of rainfall in the autumn-summer period , mortmass in the form of fallen leaves, twigs from tree and shrub plantings, as well as seeded grasses; ridges 10 and 11 and the canvas of the technological road 9 form at the same level. The position of the irrigation pipes 18 for subsurface irrigation under a layer of fertile soil at a depth of 0.7-1.2 m from the leveled relief 21 at the bottom of the ditch between the gentle and steep slopes 12 and 13 excludes their freezing even in snowless winters. The material of the pipes 18 is polyethylene or its analogues.

 The poplar root system (black sedge), in the presence of a sufficient amount of irrigation water, develops the fertile soil layer 20 and rushes towards the aquifers, providing an annual growth of branches of at least 1.2-1.7 m. This ensures the stable formation of the crown. The openwork crown of neighboring trees in each row closes in the third or fourth year of life. Industrial emissions of the enterprise are carried away from territory 25 (see Fig. 1) in the direction of wind movement and are delayed by leaves in summer or by branches of crown in winter. Wind speed in the inter-band space is reduced, while solid particles of emissions are deposited on the crowns of trees, on slopes 12 and 13, and on level terrain 21.

 Technological road 9 performs several functions. In the initial period of formation of plantations from the surface of the road 9, towering above the topography 21 and seedlings of trees 23 and shrubs 24, they control agricultural pests and diseases by spraying and dusting. With a large height of trees, the technological road 9 is necessary for fire fighting, which is especially important for areas with an arid climate.

 Thus, the described sequence of technological operations ensures the creation of sustainable and perennial plantings around industrial enterprises, providing a significant reduction in the spread of atmospheric emissions of enterprises.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of creating protective plantations around industrial enterprises polluting the environment with industrial emissions, including planting the territories of industrial enterprises with green spaces in combination with toxic resistant plants, characterized in that terraces are created along the perimeter of the industrial enterprise with subsequent afforestation, at the same time with the formation of terraces, they form a fabric of the technological road by filling the soil, and on the sides of the road, ridges with gentle with steep slopes, while forming steep slopes towards the highest illumination, ridges along the technological road are cut into ditches according to the "half-excavation-half-burial" system, and irrigation pipes for subsurface irrigation are laid on the bottom of the ditches, after which ditches are filled with fertile soil with a layer of 0, 7-1.2 m, the terrain is leveled, and woody crops of stable species are planted along the axis of the ditches with a given step, and gentle slopes are tinned with perennial, preferably cereal, grasses and / or planted with shrubs, while the ends of the pipes of subsoil irrigation in the drainage wells are connected hydraulically by means of valves with a pressurized water supply system.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the ridges and the bed of the technological road form at the same level.

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