RU2231674C2 - Diesel engine fuel equipment tester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; diesel engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for checking condition of diesel engine fuel devices. Proposed tester for diesel engine fuel equipment contains horizontally arranged cylindrical housing with longitudinal inlet and outlet vertical channels and screw with needle and handwheel. Seat made in longitudinal channel is designed for needle and it forms ring slot. Inlet and outlet channels are separated by seat. Tester is furnished with pressure gauge. For this purpose other vertical channel is made in housing on line between seat and inlet channel, and cup is arranged over said vertical channel in space of which hydraulic damper is located. Pressure gauge is connected to open part of cup. Space communicates with longitudinal channel in housing through vertical hole in its bottom part and said channel. Tester is furnished with connecting member. For this purpose inlet channel is made in vertical cylinder in form of t-piece on opposite legs of which unions are formed, one of which is used connecting high-pressure fuel pump, and the other, high-pressure pipeline or cap nut. Third leg of said channel is hole in wall of cylinder registered with longitudinal channel of housing.

EFFECT: provision of simple and compact tester convenient in use and designed for diagnosing condition of both high-pressure pumps and nozzles.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, in particular to testing diesel fuel equipment, and can be used in the technical diagnosis of machines equipped with these engines.

During the release of diesel engines from production, as well as during their operation, the technical condition of high-pressure fuel pumps and nozzles is monitored. In operating conditions, KI-4802 GOSNITI and KI-9917 GOSNITI / 1 / are used for this.

The disadvantage of these devices is that they are complex and have limited functionality: KI-4802 GOSNITI is intended only for diagnosing a fuel pump, and KI-9917 GOSNITI is a nozzle. In addition, the KI-9917 GOSNITI device must be filled with diesel fuel before the test and then manually pumped into nozzles. In this regard, the complexity of the control and diagnostic operations increases.

The closest solution, selected as a prototype, is a needle throttle containing a cylindrical body with longitudinal, inlet and outlet vertical channels, as well as a screw with a needle, a saddle and a flywheel / 2 /.

A disadvantage of the known design is that it is little adapted for use as a device for diagnosing diesel fuel equipment.

The objective of the invention is to provide a simple, compact and easy-to-use device designed for both the diagnosis of high-pressure fuel pumps and injectors.

The invention consists in the following. The device is equipped with a manometer with a damper for hydraulic lessons and a connecting element. For this, an additional vertical channel is made in the housing, on the line between the saddle and the inlet channel. A cup is coaxially placed above it, in the cavity of which is a shock absorber. The pressure gauge is attached to the open part of the glass. The cavity of the glass through a vertical hole in its bottom and the specified channel is in communication with the longitudinal channel in the housing. The connecting element is formed on the basis of the inlet channel, which is made in the vertical cylinder in the form of a tee. Its opposite branches are fittings for connecting elements of the fuel equipment, the third branch is the hole in the wall of this cylinder, combined with the longitudinal channel of the housing. As a result, it is possible to diagnose both the fuel pump and the injectors with one simple and compact device.

The drawing shows a diesel fuel equipment tester. It consists of a horizontally arranged cylindrical body 3, a screw 6 with a needle 5 and a handwheel 7, a glass 4, a pressure gauge 1 and a tee 2. In the body 3, a longitudinal channel is made with a saddle under the needle 5 to form an annular gap. The inlet channel is formed in a vertical cylinder - a tee 2, the exhaust channel - vertically in the housing 3. These channels are separated by a saddle. In the same housing, on the line between the seat and the inlet / tee 2 / another vertical channel is made. A cup 4 is coaxially placed above it, in the cavity of which is a shock absorber / not shown /. A pressure gauge 1 is attached to the open part of the cup 4. In this case, the cavity of the cup 4 through a vertical hole in its bottom and the specified channel is in communication with the longitudinal channel. Fittings are formed on the opposite branches of the tee 2, one of them for connecting to a high-pressure fuel pump, and the other to a high-pressure fuel line or cap nut. The third branch of the tee 2 is a hole in the wall of its cylinder, which is aligned with the longitudinal channel of the housing 3. To ensure compactness and simplification of the structure, a transverse hole is formed in the bottom of the glass 4, which is commutated with a vertical one, by means of which this glass is placed on the housing 3. In this case 3 is made with an installation collar or shoulders from the side of the screw 6 and its diameter in the area from the tee 2 to the specified collar does not exceed the diameter of the transverse hole in the glass 4. To improve reliability and impact In operation, the end part of the housing 3 on the screw side is formed with thread formation, and the handwheel 7 is removable. A nut 8 is screwed onto the specified thread with a hole for the axis of the handwheel 7. In this case, the axis diameter is smaller than the outer screw 6, and its end surface is in contact with the inner end surface of the nut 8, when the size of the annular gap is the largest, the screw 6 is screwed completely to the nut 8. For adjusting pads of the specified size of the annular gap between the indicated surfaces of the screw 6 and nut 8, shims are installed / not shown /, the outer diameter of which does not exceed the outer diameter of the screw 6, and the hole diameter corresponds to the diameter of the hole in nut 8. For ease of use, for example, for connecting a receiving fitting with a drain pipe / hose /, a pipe 9 with a thread on its free end part is installed in the outlet channel. To expand the functionality, if necessary, record the measurement results on a computer and store the received information, the pressure gauge 1 is made with the ability to give an electrical signal.

Testing a fuel pump, for example an A-41M or D-240 engine, is as follows. Check plunger pair wear. To do this, screw the cap nut / not shown / onto the upper fitting of the tee 2, the union nut / also not shown / - simultaneously onto the lower fitting of this tee and onto the high-pressure fitting of the tested section. Using a handwheel 7, unscrew the screw 6 by one or two turns or until it stops in the nut 8. To the tube 9 connect the inlet fitting with a drain pipe or hose / not shown /. The tester is ready to go. Start the starting engine. Set the fuel feed lever to the full feed position. The annular gap is open: the fuel coming from the pump flows through the channels in the tee 2 and the casing 3, as well as through the pipe 9 with the inlet fitting and then through the drain pipe into the tank / not shown /. Screw the screw 6 with the handwheel 7 until the needle 5 stops in the saddle: the annular gap closes and the flow of fuel through it stops. According to the readings of the arrow, manometer 1 determines the pressure developed by the plunger pair. At the same time, pressure gauge 1 gives an electrical signal to a computer or digital display. At a pressure exceeding the set value for a working plunger pair, for example 30 MPa, the fuel supply lever is set to its original position and the diesel engine is stopped spinning. Measure the time of pressure drop from one set value to another, for example from 15 to 10 MPa. According to the data obtained, the tightness of the discharge valve is determined.

If necessary, the fuel pump is tested on a running engine. To do this, prepare the tester for use in a similar way. Let the diesel go. The fuel supply lever sets the rated frequency of rotation of the crankshaft or the specified lever is transferred to full fuel supply. Measurements are performed in the same order.

Check the nozzles as follows. The cap nut is unscrewed from the tee 2 and, instead of it, using the union nut located on the fuel line, the fuel line of the nozzle under test is connected (not shown). They only start the starting engine or after it starts the diesel engine. The fuel supply lever is set to the full feed position. The annular gap is tightly closed with a needle 5: fuel is pumped into the nozzle by a pump through a tee 2 and its fuel line. According to the readings of the gauge needle 1, the fuel injection pressure through the nozzle is determined. Then stop the starting engine or diesel. Disconnect the fuel line and remove the tester from the fuel pump fitting. Proceed to check another section of this pump or complete the diagnosis.

A diesel fuel equipment tester is proposed. It is made compactly - in one structural unit. The device is based on a needle throttle. The tester is equipped with a manometer with a shock absorber and a connecting element in the form of a tee. For this, a vertical channel is provided in the housing. A glass is coaxially placed above it. The pressure gauge is attached to the open part of the glass. The cavity of the glass is in communication with the longitudinal channel in the housing. The tester has a simple design and provides the ability to diagnose both the fuel pump and the injectors. The diagnostic process can be carried out in two modes: during the operation of the diesel engine, as well as when the crankshaft is cranked by the starting engine.

 Sources of information

1. Belsky V.I. Diagnosis and maintenance of agricultural machinery. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Kolos, 1980 .-- p. 328, 328, 331. 332.

2. Artobolevsky I.I. Mechanisms in modern technology: a reference guide. In 7 volumes. T. UI: Electrical mechanisms. T. UII: Hydraulic and pneumatic mechanisms. - 2nd ed., Revised. - M .: Nauka, 1981 - p.273 - prototype.

Claims (6)

1. A diesel fuel equipment tester comprising a horizontally arranged cylindrical body with longitudinal, inlet and outlet vertical channels, as well as a screw with a needle and a handwheel, while in the longitudinal channel there is a seat under the needle to form an annular gap, the inlet and outlet channels are separated by a saddle, characterized in that it is equipped with a manometer, for this purpose in the body - on the line between the saddle and the inlet channel another vertical channel is made, a cup is coaxially placed over it, in the cavity of which there is a hydraulic damper x strokes, the pressure gauge is attached to the open part of the glass, while the cavity of the glass through a vertical hole in its bottom and the specified channel is in communication with the longitudinal channel in the housing, in addition, the tester is equipped with a connecting element, for which the inlet channel is made in a vertical cylinder in the shaft a tee, on the opposite branches of which fittings are formed, one of them for connecting to a high-pressure fuel pump, the other to a high-pressure fuel line or cap nut, the third branch of said channel - the hole in the wall of the cylinder housing aligned with the longitudinal channel. 2. The tester according to claim 1, characterized in that a transverse hole is formed in the bottom of the glass, which is connected with a vertical one, by which the glass is placed on the housing, the housing being made with a mounting collar or shoulders on the side of the screw and its diameter on the section from the tee to the specified flange does not exceed the diameter of the transverse holes in the glass. 3. The tester according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the end part of the housing on the screw side is formed with a thread, the handwheel is removable, a nut with a hole for the axis of the handwheel is screwed onto said thread, while the axis diameter is less than the outer diameter of the screw, and its end surface is in contact with the inner end surface of the nut, when the size of the annular gap is the largest - the screw is unscrewed all the way into the nut. 4. The tester according to claim 3, characterized in that for setting a predetermined size of the annular gap between the end surface of the screw and the inner end surface of the nut, shims are installed whose outer diameter does not exceed the outer diameter of the screw and the hole diameter corresponds to the diameter of the hole in the specified nut. 5. The tester according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, characterized in that a tube is installed in the inlet channel with a thread on its free end honor. 6. The tester according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, characterized in that the pressure gauge is made with the ability to give an electrical signal.