RU2229201C2 - Combined tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: tillage tool has telescopic tine with upper movable part, horizontal and inclined shares, and chisel. Moldboard is arranged above one of horizontal shares laterally of tine upper part and is attached to tine and member arranged below hoe. Holder with horizontal share and holder with shares and moldboard are made detachable and replaceable. Such embodiment allows said holder to be separately employed for performing of individual operations. Embodiment of combined tillage tool including right-handed and left-handed moldboards allows said tillage tool to be used in reversible plows for providing even flat fault-free plowed field. EFFECT: increased efficiency, provision for eliminating of wind erosion of soil owing to periodical turning of surface layer, though dusted yet enriched. 3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined working bodies for subsurface and dump tillage.

Known working body - dump body / 1 /, including the rack, ploughshare, blade, attached to the rack.

The disadvantages of the known working body include low-quality loosening and embedding of plant residues (stubble) deep into the soil, which leads to the development of wind and water erosion in some unfavorable years.

Known working body for tillage / 2 /, including the rack, chisel, share plowshares mounted on the movable part of the rack.

The disadvantages of the known working body include the fact that with many years of use, microbiological activity decreases, nutrition conditions in the lower layers of arable land worsen, toxic substances accumulate in the upper layer during decomposition of plant residues, the unfavorable structure of the loosened layer leads to the inevitable finer distribution of the root system of cultivated crops .

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages.

The technical result is an increase in the quality of loosening, a more uniform distribution of nutrients along the depth of the processed layer due to the periodic turnover of the upper layer with a dump body at the same time as the lower soil horizons are loosened.

This is achieved by the fact that one of the armrests is equipped with a blade, which is located above the inclined and horizontal share, in addition, the blade is removable for periodic use, as well as left and right-handed.

The use of a combined working body with a blade makes it possible to periodically turn the upper sprayed, but more enriched layer down, and the dense less enriched layer with nutrients up, while the dense cams of this layer are more wind-resistant and therefore wind erosion in the fields treated in this way, with the use of a working body for layer-by-layer processing does not develop.

The implementation of the sub-finder with plowshares and one blade ensures complete cutting of weeds with a shallow root system and allows organic substances to be embedded deep into the soil, which then beneficially affect the absorption capacity, structural state of the soil, and biological processes during the decomposition of organic substances proceed more intensively.

The combination of the work of the blade with inclined and horizontal plowshares allows the formation of cracks that do not extend to the day surface, which ensures a greater accumulation of moisture and its safety.

The location of the dump above the plowshares and chisels allows both dump processing and the formation of subsurface water storage tanks, and elimination of the subsurface melt and rainwater runoff. In addition, during operation, the dump brings out dense fractions of the soil, which are more stable and do not collapse under the action of rain drops, and the absorbing ability of the loosened layer formed by the dump makes it possible to quickly precipitate precipitated precipitations deep into the soil.

The implementation of the sub-arm with a horizontal share and a share with a removable and interchangeable blade on the movable part of the rack provides not only vertical movement of the soil layers, but also allows soil treatment without turning the formation, and its periodic turning over after a certain period of time as the upper layer is sprayed and the accumulation of organic substances in it for uniform distribution along the vertical of the cultivated soil horizon.

The proposed design of the combined working body with left- and right-hand dump blade allows plowing with reversible plows using the most rational methods of moving smooth plowing without blemishes. This ensures an increase in productivity and an improvement in the quality of processing in subsequent operations carried out in agro-technical terms during the cultivation of agricultural crops. cultures.

Figure 1 shows the working body for tillage without turning the reservoir / 2 /, General view, complete (first option).

Figure 2 shows the combined working body for tillage with the implementation of the turnover of the reservoir, General view, complete with left-handed dump (second option).

Figure 3 presents the combined working body with the right-hand blade, front view (second option).

Figure 4 shows a removable paddle equipped with a share and blade, top view.

The combined working body for tillage (without rotation and with a turnover of the formation) includes a telescopic stand, the upper part 1 of which is connected to the movable part 2. On the upper part 1 of the stand of the working body, an overlay-knife 3, an arm 4, a latch 5. are fixed. The upper part has hole 6. The movable part 2 of the strut of the working body has a slit 7, conjugated with the left inclined share 8. The bit 9 is located between the share 8 and the right share 10, also installed obliquely. The movable part 2 of the rack is connected to the upper part 1 using a pin. The holder 11 is equipped with a fan 12 for mounting horizontal right 13 and left 14 shares. The removable holder 11 is mounted on the slit-hole 7. In addition, instead of the holder 11 with horizontal shares 13 and 14, a holder 11 with a baffle 12 equipped with one horizontal share 14 and a second share 13, above which a blade 15 is located, is rigidly connected to the holder 11 .

The combined working body works both without turnover and with turnover of the reservoir.

When processing the soil without turning the bed during movement, the horizontal plowshares 13 and 14 (Fig. 1) loosen the soil to the left and to the right of the rack of the upper part 1, which with its knife 3 and slimez 7 forms a vertical gap. Inclined plowshares 8 and 10, chisel 9 loosen the soil, increasing the cross-sectional area of the loosened layer. When loosening the soil with inclined plowshares 8 and 10, cutting of inclined slots is provided, and the bit 9 forms a subsoil moisture-accumulating capacity.

When using the option of a combined working body with horizontal shares without a layer rotation for several consecutive years, more nutrients accumulate in the upper horizon than in the lower one, however, this layer becomes not resistant to erosion, therefore, the upper layer must be turned over periodically, i.e. lower down, and dense structural - raise up. To do this, apply the option of the working body, equipped with a blade (figure 2, 3).

When the combined working body (second option) moves, the ploughshare 14 loosens the soil without turning the bed, and the ploughshare 13 cuts the bed, which rises along its working surface and enters the blade 15, which wraps it and stacks the obstructed top layer down, and the bottom structural layer up . In this case, inclined plowshares 8 and 10, chisel 9 loosen the soil, forming cracks and water-accumulating subsoil capacity.

The combination of horizontal shares and inclined shares with a chisel (the first version of a combined working body) ensures the formation of a helicopter-resistant layer, since more than 50% of the stubble remains on the day surface. The stubble reduces the wind speed in the surface layer, so small particles of soil <1 mm does not lift into the atmosphere and does not develop wind erosion.

The periodic combination of the work of the combined working body (the second option), equipped with horizontal shares and a blade, inclined shares with a chisel, reduces the accumulation of small fractions of soil in the upper layer, since the blade wraps the formation and puts it with the sprayed part down, and the structural one up, and the formation of inclined slots and the capacity of inclined plowshares and a chisel increases the water storage capacity of the loosened layer, therefore neither water nor wind erosion develops on such arable land. Therefore, the use of a combined working body for tillage does not have a negative effect on the environment.

Literature

1. Korpenko A.N. and other agricultural machinery. - M. - IN “Agropromizdat”. -1980, p. 14.

2. RU p. No. 2134500, MKI A 01 B 35/22.

Claims (3)

1. The combined working body for soil treatment, including a telescopic stand, chisel, share ploughshare, slitherez, characterized in that the blade is fixed to the shovel, which is located above the inclined and horizontal share. 2. The combined working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade is removable. 3. The combined working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade is made left- and right-handed.

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