RU2207692C2 - Electrical machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: electrical machine has post-mounted laminated stator in the form of annular core with teeth that carries armature winding and is disposed between unidirectional poles of rotor- mounted inductors; inductors are unidirectionally shifter relative to each other and lower side of each coil of armature winding is shifted relative to its upper side through 0.01 to 90 electrical degrees and teeth or poles of salient-pole electrical machine with armature windings or winding-and-core assembly of slot-free windings of any type are made on butt-end planes of stator. EFFECT: facilitated manufacture, enhanced performance characteristics. 4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to electrical engineering, namely to electric machines.

 Known electric machine (patent 2131637, Russia, 6 N 02 K 16/02, 19/40, 23/00 from 02/04/98), taken as a prototype, containing a laminating stator, fastened with pins and pressure washers, made in in the form of an annular core with teeth on the outer and inner surfaces, bearing a distributed annular-drum sectional winding of the armature, mounted through a common washer on the racks and placed between the unipolar poles of the outer and inner inductors mounted on the outer and inner rims of the rotor, while the inner inductor cm It is relative to the external inductor and the lower side of each section of the armature winding is offset from the upper side of the same section by an angle of 0.01-90 el. column in one direction.

 The disadvantage of an electric machine is the difficulty in simultaneously providing two radial sufficiently small air gaps, which are determined by four large-diameter surfaces, which requires the use of special tools and equipment, in addition, the use of studs for fastening a stator charge package and attaching it to the racks also complicates the provision of required air clearances, and with increasing power of the electric machine and the corresponding torsional moment, the size of the studs and their number increase ichivaetsya.

 These shortcomings lead to an increase in air gaps, scattering fluxes and, in general, worsen the energy characteristics of an electric machine. In addition, there is an asymmetry of the magnetic paths for the external and internal magnetic fluxes, which affects the overload capacity of the machine.

 The objective of the invention is the improvement of energy characteristics, overall dimensions and manufacturability of an electric machine.

 The technical result of the invention is to increase manufacturability, more complete and simple realization of the advantages when performing ring-drum or end windings of the armature with the required connections and displacements of the windings and inductors, obtaining optimal air gaps, reducing scattering fluxes and ensuring symmetry of magnetic paths and magnetic fluxes.

 The problem is solved as follows.

 An electric machine is proposed, comprising a lined stator made in the form of an annular core, bearing a distributed annular-drum or end groove or non-groove winding of the armature, mounted on racks and located between the unipolar poles of two inductors, with the displacement of the inductors relative to each other and the lower side of each sections of the winding of the armature relative to its upper side at an angle of 0.01-90 el. column in one direction, in which, in order to increase energy, weight, size and technological parameters, the stator teeth or poles for an explicitly polar electric machine with windings or the active part of non-phase windings of any type are made on the end planes of the stator, pole inductors, and in the case of non-polar execution, the inductors themselves have the possibility of axial movement and fixing in the required position, the stator charge, applicable for any type of electric machines, is made by spiral winding of the tape or folded we take into the ring a packet of electrical steel tapes, and the direction of winding the spiral coincides with the direction of rotation of the inductors or the magnetic field for electric motors, the stator is attached to the posts with spokes that burst it in radial directions, the inductors are located under the lower and above the upper end planes of the stator, and for the horizontal axis rotation - to the left and right of the end planes of the stator.

 It is known that it is easier to technically and structurally ensure flatness and parallelism of planes than roundness, radial runout, and coaxiality of large diameters; therefore, the implementation of teeth on the end planes of the stator with an axial charge, fastening of the stator by radial spokes with the simultaneous possibility of axial movement of the inductors and their poles makes it possible to ensure small air gaps, evenly and symmetrically distribute magnetic fluxes over a cylindrical body, and not over a circular sector with a violation of the itnyh tract holes for pins, provide a natural bevel grooves in the manufacture of bevel and magnetic circuit in the case of helical winding.

 All of the above generally improves energy performance, simplifies the design, improves manufacturability and allows us to solve the technical problem.

 Figure 1 shows the design of the proposed electric machine; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of an electric machine in expanded form; figure 3 - construction of the stator in the context; in FIG. 4 - design of an electric machine with two stators; in FIG. 5 is a diagram of an electric machine with two stators in expanded form; figure 6 - design of an electric machine with two end windings on the stator.

 The electric machine of figure 1 contains an annular anchor 1, the charge of which is made by spiral winding the tape or by folding into a ring a packet of electrical steel tapes with teeth on planes B and D, which is fastened to the spokes 2 to the posts 3, the inductors upper 4 and lower 5 are offset relative to each other and the lower side of the armature winding section is offset relative to the upper side of the same section by an angle of 90 el. column

 Inductors 4 and 5 are mounted on the same shaft 6, which is mounted in bearings. The poles 7 of the inductors 4 and 5 to enable axial movement, in this case, are threaded. Field currents are created by field coils or permanent magnets. The axis of rotation of the shaft is vertical or horizontal.

 Figure 4 shows a structural diagram of a two-pole electric machine with the same type of stators 1 and inductors 18 with permanent magnets 16 mounted on the shaft of the electric machine, while between the stators 1 with a ring-drum winding on the shaft of the electric machine together with the inductors 18 an inductor 20 s is installed permanent magnets 21 or field windings, the magnetic circuit of which is closed through the stators 1.

 Figure 6 shows a structural diagram of a bipolar electric machine with end windings on the stator 22 and inductors 18 with permanent magnets 16.

 The principle of operation of an electric machine in generator mode is as follows.

 In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of an electric machine for the number of poles 2p = 2 in expanded form in generator mode.

 When the shaft 6 is rotated in the direction of the arrow with a rotation speed n and when excited in the poles N1, S1 of the upper inductor 4 and in the poles N2, S2 of the lower inductor 5 of magnetic fluxes F1 and F2, respectively, at the sides of sections 9, 9 '; 12, 12 '; 11, 11 '; 8, 8 '; 13, 13 '; 10, 10 ', constituting the phases AX, VU, and CZ, periodically changing EMF are induced, shown in the drawing by one dot and a cross, shifted in space by 120 el. column

 In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the principle of operation of an electric machine is illustrated in FIG. 5, where a diagram of an electric machine for the number of poles 2p = 2 is shown in expanded form with ring-drum windings on the same stators 1, closing inductors 18 with permanent magnets or field windings and a middle inductor 20 with permanent magnets or field windings.

 During the rotation of the shaft of an electric machine, in the generator mode, with a rotation frequency n and when the magnetic fluxes Ф3, Ф4, Ф5 are excited in the N, S poles, periodically changing EMFs are induced in the armature windings of the stators 1.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the principle of operation of the electric machine is similar to the principle of operation of the electric machine of FIG. 1 with the only difference that instead of a ring-drum winding, on the stator 22, two end anchor windings are made, which, by the corresponding connections, by the principle of operation, turn into an analog of the ring-drum winding or work as two separate anchor windings of two electric machines with a combined stator.

 Thus, the proposed electric machine has the best energy, design and technological characteristics due to the transition from radial air gaps to the air gaps of the planes, axial band stator bushing, fixing it with spokes and the possibility of axial adjustment of the poles of the inductors. In addition, the proposed electric machine has a reduced starting moment due to the symmetry of the magnetic fields and magnetic paths.

 The greatest effect of this technical solution is achieved when used in low-speed wind generators, hydroelectric generators, diesel generators, high-torque electric motors. In this case, the issue of increasing power is solved simply by sequentially installing the same type of anchors and inductors on one shaft.

Claims (4)

 1. An electric machine containing a lined stator made in the form of an annular core with teeth, mounted on racks, carrying an armature winding and located between the unipolar poles of the inductors mounted on the rotor, while the inductors are displaced relative to each other and the lower side of each section of the armature winding relative to its upper side at an angle of 0.01-90 el.grad. in one direction, characterized in that the teeth or poles for an open-pole electric machine with anchor windings or the active part of baseless windings of any type are made on the end planes of the stator.  2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator charge used for any type of electric machine is made by spiral winding of a tape or by folding a packet of electrical steel tapes into a ring, and the direction of spiral winding coincides with the direction of rotation of the inductors or magnetic field for electric motors.  3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator is attached to the posts with knitting needles, bursting it in radial directions.  4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inductors are made with the possibility of axial movement of each pole or the entire inductor.

Images