RU2557252C2 - General-purpose electrical machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: machine includes housing (1), salient poles (2) with excitation windings, and armature (3) with teeth (4). Similar armature coils (5) that are connected in series to each other are wound on teeth (4). Length of teeth (4) is smaller than length of side surface of armature (3) by double thickness of coil (5) so that turns of coils (5) do not project beyond the dimension of the side armature surface. The armature has shaft (6) for installation in bearings. A brush and contact assembly includes contact rings (7, 8) and brushes (9). On the housing there are also poles in the form of projections (10). Beginning of the first armature coil ("A1") is connected to ring (7). End of the last armature coil ("A8") is connected to ring (8).

EFFECT: simpler design and lower weight of a winding.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, specifically to universal electric machines, which can be used both for the production of electricity and for mechanical work in any industry.

Known electrical machines containing a housing with poles of an inductor and a rotor with a winding (see, for example, US patents No. 5057726 or US No. 7188403). An electric machine is also known, containing a stator in the form of an annular core having an anchor winding, placed between the poles of the inductor (see patent for invention RU No. 2207692).

The closest, in our opinion, to the proposed invention is a universal electric DC machine according to patent RU No. 2385525, publication 2010 - prototype. The specified machine contains a housing, an inductor with pronounced poles on which the coil excitation winding is located, bearing shields for the armature shaft, which has pronounced poles, an anchor winding, and a brush-contact assembly mechanism.

The disadvantage of the prototype (like other electric machines) is the excess weight of the anchor winding, which, as a rule, wrap the entire surface of the armature. It should be noted that electrical power is created in those turns of the winding that are on the side surface of the armature. Only these turns cross the magnetic lines of the field of the inductor. The turns located at the ends of the anchor practically do not add electric power to the machine, since their location does not allow them to cross the magnetic field lines. These turns are actually ballast wires, significantly increasing the weight and cost of the machine.

The technical task is to simplify the design and reduce the material consumption of the electric machine by reducing the weight of the anchor winding.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a universal electric machine, comprising a housing, an inductor with distinct poles, on which the field winding is located, an armature on the side surface of which teeth are made for the armature winding, a brush-contact assembly comprising at least two contact rings, the inductor contains at least two distinct poles of the same name with an excitation winding and at least two false poles in the form of teeth located between pronounced poles with a winding waiting, the armature winding is made in the form of identical anchor coils wound with a certain thickness around the anchor teeth, the anchor coils are connected in series, the beginning of the first anchor coil is connected to one contact ring, the end of the last anchor coil is connected to another contact ring, while the length of the anchor teeth reduced relative to the length of the side surface of the anchor by an amount equal to at least twice the thickness of the winding of the anchor coil.

The proposed machine may contain three pronounced homonymous poles with an excitation winding and three false poles in the form of teeth without winding. In the proposed machine, the teeth of the anchor with anchor coils can be installed relative to the generatrix of the anchor at an angle, the value of which is equal to from 1 ° to 45 °.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a General view of a universal electric machine (hereinafter - the machine). Figure 2 shows a scan of the side surface of the anchor. In a specific example, a variant of a machine with three poles with field windings, with three false poles and with eight anchor coils is shown.

The machine contains a housing 1, on which are clearly marked poles 2 with field windings. An anchor 3 is placed inside the housing. There are teeth on the side surface of the armature 4. Anchor coils 5 are wound on the teeth 4 in the same way. The length of the teeth 4 is less than the length of the side surface of the armature 3 by twice the thickness of the coil 5 so that the turns of the coils 5 fully fit on the side surface of the armature . The anchor has a shaft 6 for installation in bearings. The brush-contact unit contains contact rings 7, 8, brushes 9. On the case there are also false poles in the form of teeth 10. Anchor teeth 4 with anchor coils 5 are numbered in the order of their location by symbols from Я1 to Я8. The beginning of the first anchor coil (Y1) is connected to ring 7 (arrow "a"). The end of the last anchor coil (Y8) is connected to ring 8 (arrow "b"). To smooth the characteristics of the generated current, the teeth 4 with coils 5 can be installed relative to the axis of the armature 3 at an angle from 1 ° to 45 °.

The housing 1 is made of soft magnetic steel (or of cast iron with high magnetic permeability). Poles 2 are made of solid pieces of soft magnetic steel or recruited from sheets of electrical steel bonded in the axial direction. The core of the anchor 3 is made of a burst package of electrical steel. Coils 5 are made of a winding copper wire or of a winding copper bus (for high currents). The brush-contact unit is made in a known manner. The false poles 10 are made of sheets of electrical steel or of solid pieces of soft magnetic steel.

The field winding at the poles 2 is made of a winding copper wire or from a winding copper bus. The field winding is wound so that the poles 2 create in the radial direction inward the housing "north" magnetic poles "N". In this case, the false poles 10 serve as the "southern" magnetic poles of the "S", concentrating and ordering the lines of the magnetic field inside the machine.

It is known that electric DC machines have the property of reversibility, i.e. the same machine can operate both as an engine and as a generator. For simplicity, we consider the operation of the proposed machine as a direct current generator with independent excitation of the inductor.

An independent DC voltage source supplies power to the field winding. The direct current flowing in the coils of the poles 2 creates a stationary magnetic field symmetrical about the axis of the armature 3 inside the machine. The field lines of force leave the pronounced “north” poles 2, penetrate the windings of the anchor coils 5, converge at the poles 10 and return through the housing 1 back to the excitation coils at the poles 2.

When the shaft 6 is rotated by an external source of torque, the anchor coils 5 intersect the magnetic field lines with their turns. Moreover, in each coil 5 there is a current that varies in magnitude but is constant in direction. Since the coils 5 are connected in series, the currents in them are summed. With a sufficient number of anchor coils, the currents induced in the coils 5 in total create an emf in the armature winding almost constant value. Thus, a constant current will flow in the load connected to the rings 7, 8. The output current is controlled by changing the voltage that is supplied to the field winding.

The achieved result is that for the manufacture of the armature winding, much less copper wire is required, since the anchor winding fills only the side surface of the armature. It is not obvious (inventive step) that a significant (up to 50%) saving of copper is achieved due to the rejection of turns, which in other machines are also wound on the ends of the armature. Since the turns at the ends of the armature do not participate in the generation of current (since they do not actually intersect the magnetic field lines), the power of the machine (ceteris paribus) is practically unchanged (saving material without losing power). At the same time, assembly of the machine is simplified, since identical anchor coils are more technological.

According to the scheme described above, technical documentation has been developed, and preparations have begun to manufacture a prototype of the product.

The new device described above that meets the criteria of inventive step and industrial applicability is proposed for protection by a patent for an invention.

Claims (3)

1. A universal electric machine, comprising a housing, an inductor with distinct poles on which the field winding is located, an armature, on the side surface of which teeth are made for the armature winding, a brush-contact assembly comprising at least two contact rings, characterized in that the inductor contains at least two distinct poles of the same name with an excitation winding and at least two additional poles in the form of protrusions without windings, which are located between the pronounced poles of the windings and the anchors are made in the form of identical anchor coils wound around the anchor teeth, the anchor coils are connected in series with each other, with the beginning of the first anchor coil connected to one contact ring, the end of the last anchor coil connected to another contact ring, while the length of the anchor teeth is reduced relative to the length the lateral surface of the anchor by an amount equal to at least twice the thickness of the winding of the anchor coils. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains three distinct poles of the same name with an excitation winding and three additional poles in the form of protrusions without a winding. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchor teeth with anchor coils are installed relative to the generatrix of the surface of the anchor at an angle from 1 to 45 angular degrees.

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