RU2202876C1 - Method for growing of intensive fruit garden - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: horticulture. SUBSTANCE: method involves selecting sort and rootstock combinations by results of express analyses, planting patterns and shapes of crown; selecting procedures of growing high-quality grafted planting material, system of cultivating soil in row spacing and in ridges; selecting optimal fertilizer doses and irrigation rates. Method provides fruit yield of 20.0 t/hectare on the fourth year of planting and 30-35 t/hectare on the fifth and subsequent years at production cost of 1.5 rubles per 1 kg of fruit. EFFECT: increased efficiency, improved yield and reduced production costs.

Description

 The invention relates to fruit growing.

 It is known to grow an intensive orchard (see AS 1491400, class A 01 G 1/00, 1989), where trees are planted according to a certain pattern, i.e. trees are planted in double rows, create pyramidal blocks of several trees.

 It is also known to grow an intensive orchard (see A.S. USSR 1011078, class A 01 G 4/00, 1983 - prototype), where the trees are planted according to a densified pattern, crown formation is carried out, and tops are removed.

 However, the known technical solutions have a small number of plants per unit area, low starting yield, inconvenience due to large crowns, low quality of the fruit. In addition, the late entry into the time of commodity bearing fruit (8–9 years) and the recoupment (10–12 years) of capital expenditures and low profitability.

 The technical solution to the problem is to increase productivity and economic efficiency.

 The problem is achieved in that in the method of growing an intensive orchard, including planting trees according to the scheme, forming a crown and removing tops of shoots, before planting trees in the garden, varieties and stocks are selected according to the results of rapid analyzes for drought resistance, frost resistance and compatibility of stock and scion, then during the cultivation of seedlings in the nursery during the growing season, 3-5 times unformed leaves are removed instead of growth points and when the seedlings reach a height of 150-200 cm, with a diameter of 18-20 cm and branches up to 11-17 cm, plant them in the garden according to the scheme 4 x 1.5 m; 4 x 1.0 m; 3.5 x 0.3 m depending on the stock with the subsequent formation of a tree crown in the form of a “Russian spindle” or “French axis” or “spindle boom” with a support, while in the row-spacing they contain soil under a sod-humus system, and in a row - under herbicidal steam.

 The novelty of the proposed proposal is due to the fact that due to the proposed measures, an increase in the number of plants per unit area from 300 to 2000 pcs, the entry of trees into fruit bearing for 3-4 years, a high starting crop (20 t / ha for the 4th year after planting, increase in productivity 1.7-2.0 times, fruit quality up to 90%, average selling price 1.5 times, payback on capital costs for 4-5 years, profitability up to 300%.

 According to the data of the patent and scientific and technical literature, a similar set of features has not been found that allows us to solve the problem, which makes it possible to conclude about the "inventive step" of the proposal.

 A method of growing an intensive orchard is as follows.

 Before laying the orchard, varieties and stocks are selected according to the results of rapid tests for drought tolerance, frost resistance to achieve a high degree of adaptability of plants to climate and compatibility of the stock and scion to exclude uneven ripening of fruits, poor transportability, nondescript appearance, insufficient size and high pre-harvest crumbling .

 Then they grow seedlings in the nursery. During the growing season on the seedlings instead of growth points 3-5 times unformed leaves are removed. When the seedlings reach a height of more than 150 cm, a diameter of 18-20 cm, branches up to 11-17 cm, they are planted in the garden according to the scheme 4 x 1.5 m; 4 x 1.0 m; 3.5 x 0.3 m, which provides a dense stand, leading to a change in the microclimate, a decrease in wind strength, stabilization of temperature fluctuations, and increased humidity. With such a thickened planting, tree crowns form under the "Russian spindle" or "French axis" or "spindle" with a support. This formation of crowns eliminates the contradiction between the size of the tree and the reduced feeding area by achieving good illumination of the canopy.

 To increase the intensity of the orchard, soil is important, therefore, in the proposed method, row-spacings contain soil under a sod-humus system, and in a row under herbicidal steam, because the sod-humus system increases the number of earthworms by 3.5 times, reduces the incidence of fruit trees by root rot and tick susceptibility, in addition, the marketability of fruits improves.

 In addition, when growing an intensive garden, fertilizers and irrigation are used, taking into account the growth strength of the variety and stock and the type of plantings. In this case, root dressing and non-root and drip irrigation are used.

 As for the system of protection against pests, diseases, frosts and weeds, an integrated system is used based on local forecasting, i.e. fine, small-sized sprayers, a modern system of protection against frost and weeds.

Claims (1)

 A method of growing an intensive orchard, including planting trees according to the scheme, forming a crown and removing tops of shoots, characterized in that before planting trees in the garden, varieties and stocks are selected according to the results of rapid tests for drought tolerance, frost resistance and compatibility of stock and scion, then during the growing of seedlings in the nursery during the growing season, 3-5 times unformed leaves are removed instead of growth points and when the seedlings reach a height of 150-200 cm, a diameter of 18-20 cm and phenomenon to 11-17 cm planted in their garden scheme 4h1,5 m; 4x1.0 m; 3.5 x 0.3 m depending on the stock with the subsequent formation of a tree crown in the form of a “Russian spindle”, or a “French axis”, or a “spindle boom” with a support, while in the row-spacings they contain soil under a sod-humus system, and in a row - under herbicidal steam.