RU2191110C1 - Petroleum antiseptic for impregnation of wood - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: woodworking. SUBSTANCE: antiseptic intended, in particular, for impregnation of wooden ties and bars contains mixture of long residual high-temperature thermal cracking fraction (150 C - dry point) and organic viscosity regulator, in particular long thermal gas oil fraction with boiling point 215-230 C stabilized regarding its flash temperature measured in open pot being no lower than 95 C. EFFECT: extended resource of petroleum antiseptics (at properly selected ratio of components) and lowered flash temperature. 4 ex

Description

 The invention relates to a composition of an oil antiseptic with a low pour point and can be used to impregnate wood, in particular for impregnating wood sleepers and beams.

 Known impregnating material, which is a mixture of coal oil [GOST 2270-74 "Coal oil for wood impregnation"] and petroleum softener oil produced in accordance with TU 38.301.08-31-89.

However, in the preparation of the working mixture, consisting of coal oil having a density at 20 ^o C 1090 - 1130 kg / m ³ and petroleum softener oil having a density at 20 ^o C 890 - 910 kg / m ³ using acute as a mixing agent water vapor, after cooling and sludge in the tank a three-layer system is formed: the bottom layer is coal oil; the middle layer is water; top layer - petroleum softener oil. To maintain a homogeneous system in the tank, periodic circulation movement of the components of the mixture is required according to the scheme: tank -> pump -> tank, which leads to additional energy costs. In this case, the system is not freed from water. In addition, oil softener XM-1 has a relatively high kinematic viscosity determined at 80 ^o C (6.5-8.0 mm ² / s), which impairs its penetrating (impregnating) ability when impregnating wood, and therefore , reduces its protective properties. This value of viscosity ХМ-1 does not meet the requirements of GOST 20022.5-93 "Protection of wood. Autoclave impregnation with oily protective means."

It is known coal sleeper impregnating oil [GOST 2270-74 Coal oil for wood impregnation], containing in its composition a relatively narrow oily fraction of thermal origin, which is a mixture of the first anthracene fraction (280-360 ^o C) and absorption oil (235-300 ^o C) [Handbook of coke chemist, t. 3 / Under. ed. Ing. A.K. Shelkova. - M.: Metallurgy, 1966, p. 66].

The disadvantages of coal sleeper oil are the following factors:
1. Coal impregnating oil contains up to 0.3 wt.% Of substances insoluble in toluene (carbenes and carbides) and up to 1.5 wt.% Water, which negatively affects the process of wood impregnation.

 2. In terms of toxicity, coal-bearing cross-impregnating oil belongs to the second hazard class (highly hazardous), which creates an increased danger from the point of view of the sanitary-hygienic and ecological state of the cross-impregnating plants.

3. Coal sleeper oil has a relatively high pour point (minus 2 - minus 5 ^o C), which makes it difficult to drain and pump in winter conditions at lower ambient temperatures.

4. Coal tar oil is prepared by mixing and joint crystallization of the 1st anthracene fraction and absorption oil, followed by separation of the crystals in a centrifuge. At 2.5 m ^{3 of} absorbing oil, 7.5 m ³ of the 1st anthracene fraction is introduced into the mixture. After crystallization and centrifugation, the yield of crystals is 15-20% per mixture [Handbook of coke chemist, t. 3 / Under. ed. Ing. A.K. Shelkova. - M .: Metallurgy, 1966, S. 66].

 5. A significant disadvantage of coal sleeper oil is its tendency to sedimentation, which leads to the need to "erosion" in railway tanks and to irretrievable losses when stored in tanks.

 6. Coal tar oil (creosote) has an unpleasant and very persistent smell.

 The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is "Antiseptic oil impregnating ASTM for wood" (RF patent 2093353, 27 K 3/50, from 11.07.95).

The disadvantages of the known antiseptic fluids include:
1. The need to use in its production of relatively toxic products of petrochemical synthesis: high-viscosity resin for the processing of alkylbenzene and low-viscosity ethylbenzene resin.

 2. A large number of components (4 components) upon receipt of a marketable product.

 The present invention solves the technical problem of expanding the resources of oily antiseptics for wood impregnation due to the rational use of thermal oil residues and gas oil fractions of secondary oil refining processes.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the wood preservative containing a mixture of a wide residual fraction of thermal cracking and an organic viscosity regulator, according to the invention, as a wide residual fraction of thermal cracking, it contains a wide fraction of high temperature thermal cracking, boiling off within 150 ^o C-K. k, and as a viscosity regulator -. broad thermal gas oil fraction with the start of boiling 215-230 ^o C, a stabilized flash point, determined in open crucible, ie below 95 ^o C, at the following component ratio, wt.%:
A wide residual fraction of high-temperature thermal cracking, boiling in the range of 150 ^o C - ^C. - 20-50
A wide fraction of thermal gas oil with a boiling point of 215-230 ^o C, stabilized by the flash point determined in an open crucible, not lower than 95 ^o C - 50-80
The specified fraction of high temperature thermal cracking (pyrolysis) and an organic viscosity regulator are obtained as follows.

A gas mixture or gasoline fraction is subjected to severe thermal cracking in furnaces at thermal pyrolysis units [Akhmetov S.A. Physicochemical technology of deep oil and gas processing. Part 2. - Ufa: USTU, 1997]. The reaction products are subjected to separation to obtain a pyrolysis gas (pyrogas) and liquid products of the gasoline fraction (NK - 150 ^o C), the residual gas oil fraction (150 ^o C - KK).

The remainder of the atmospheric vacuum distillation of oil - tar (fraction 500 ^o C ⁺ ) or a mixture of straight-run and secondary gas oils and extracts of oil production is subjected to thermal cracking at a temperature of 450-530 ^o C. [Akhmetov S.A. Physicochemical technology of deep oil and gas processing. Part 2. - Ufa: USTU, 1997]. The reaction products are subjected to separation to obtain gas and liquid products - gasoline fraction, a wide fraction of thermal gas oil, stabilized by flash point determined in an open crucible, not lower than 95 ^o C and cracked residue.

 The proposed antiseptic with a low pour point for wood impregnation is obtained as follows.

All components of an antiseptic are simultaneously pumped into the mixing tee of the transport pipeline: a wide residual fraction of high-temperature thermal cracking (pyrolysis) boiling off within 150 ^o С - к.к., a wide fraction of thermal gas oil with a boiling point of 215-230 ^o С, stabilized by flash point defined in an open crucible, not lower than 95 ^o C.

A feature in the preparation of an antiseptic (KNOW-HOW) is stabilization by flash point, determined in an open crucible, not lower than 95 ^o C, of a wide fraction of thermal gas oil.

Example 1. A wide residual fraction of high-temperature thermal cracking (pyrolysis), boiling in the range of 200-220 ^o With - ^{C. to.} - 20 wt.% Mixed with a wide fraction of thermal gas oil, stabilized by the flash point determined in an open crucible, not lower than 95 ^o With - 80 wt.%.

Receive ASTM oil antiseptic with the following quality indicators:
Pour point, ^o C - -32
Flash point in an open crucible, ^o С - 104
Kinematic viscosity at 80 ^o С, mm ² / s - 2.45
Density at 20 ^o С, kg / m ³ - 990
Example 2. A wide residual fraction of high temperature thermal cracking (pyrolysis), boiling in the range of 200-220 ^o With - ^{C. to.} - 30 wt.% Mixed with a wide fraction of thermal gas oil, stabilized by flash point, determined in an open crucible, not lower than 95 ^o With - 70 wt.%
Receive ASTM oil antiseptic with the following quality indicators:
Pour point, ^o C - -29
Flash point in an open crucible, ^o С - 108
Kinematic viscosity at 80 ^o C, mm ² / s - 2.65
Density at 20 ^o С, kg / m ³ - 994
Example 3. A wide residual fraction of high temperature thermal cracking (pyrolysis), boiling in the range of 200-220 ^o With - ^{C. to.} - 50 wt.% Mixed with a wide fraction of thermal gas oil, stabilized by flash point, determined in an open crucible, not lower than 95 ^o With - 50 wt.%.

Receive ASTM oil antiseptic with the following quality indicators:
Pour point, ^o С - -24
Flash point in an open crucible, ^o С - 112
Kinematic viscosity at 80 ^o C, mm ² / s - 2.90
Density at 20 ^o С, kg / m ³ - 1001
Example 4. A wide residual fraction of high-temperature thermal cracking (pyrolysis), boiling in the range of 150-160 ^o With - ^C. - 50 wt.% Mixed with a wide fraction of thermal gas oil, stabilized by flash point, determined in an open crucible, not lower than 95 ^o With - 50 wt.%.

Receive ASTM oil antiseptic with the following quality indicators:
Pour point, ^o С - -20
Flash point in an open crucible, ^o С - 107
Kinematic viscosity at 80 ^o С, mm ² / s - 3.42
Density at 20 ^o С, kg / m ³ - 997
Based on the above examples, it can be seen that:
1. All obtained and studied compositions of petroleum antiseptic for wood impregnation with a low pour point based on a wide residual fraction of high-temperature thermal cracking (pyrolysis) boiling within 150 ^o C - K. and a wide fraction of thermal gas oil with a boiling point of 215-230 ^o C, stabilized by a flash point determined in an open crucible, not lower than 95 ^o C, which acts as a regulator of antiseptic viscosity, are fundamentally new and fully comply with GOST 20022.5-93 " Wood protection. Autoclave impregnation with oily protective means "according to all the main quality indicators (pour point, flash point, viscosity, density) /
2. The invention can be used for preserving wood, in order to prevent its defeat by fungi and bacteria (decay).

3. The use of these oily fractions of secondary oil refining processes as components of an antiseptic composition allows you to get an oil antiseptic for wood impregnation with a low pour point (minus 20 - minus 35 ^o C), which makes it possible to use it at low ambient temperatures (transport, discharge pumping).

 The present invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability" and can be used in the woodworking industry for wood impregnation.

Claims (1)

An oil antiseptic for wood impregnation, containing a mixture of a wide residual fraction of thermal cracking and an organic viscosity regulator, characterized in that as a wide residual fraction of thermal cracking it contains a wide fraction of high temperature thermal cracking boiling within 150 ^o C - K. K., and as a viscosity regulator - a wide fraction of thermal gas oil with a boiling point of 215-230 ^o C, stabilized by the flash point determined in an open crucible, not lower than 95 ^o C, with the following ratio components, wt.%:
A wide residual fraction of high-temperature thermal cracking, boiling in the range of 150 ^o C - ^C. - 20-50
A wide fraction of thermal gas oil with a boiling point of 215-230 ^o С, stabilized by the flash point determined in an open crucible, not lower than 95 ^o С - 50-80с