RU2177405C1 - Antiseptic for impregnation of wood - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: timber industry. SUBSTANCE: antiseptic for impregnating, in particular, timber ties contains 40-65 wt.% of viscous oily high-temperature cracking fraction boiling away by 220 C and 35-60 wt.% of organic regulator of viscosity and congelation temperature based on catalytic cracking fraction boiling away within the range 195-325 C. EFFECT: reduced congelation temperature to minus 20-30 C and extended resource of antiseptics due to rational use of petroleum processing waste. 3 ex

Description

 The invention relates to a composition of an oil antiseptic with a low pour point and can be used to impregnate wood, in particular for impregnating wood sleepers and beams.

Known impregnating material, which is a mixture of coal oil [GOST 2270-74 "Coal oil for wood impregnation"] and petroleum softener oil produced in accordance with TU 38.301.08-31-89. However, in the preparation of a working mixture consisting of coal oil having a density at a temperature of 20 ^o C 1090-1130 kg / m ³ and softener oil having a density at a temperature of 20 ^o C 890-910 kg / m ³ , using After cooling and sludge, a three-layer system is formed as a mixing agent of acute water vapor in the tank: the bottom layer is coal oil; the middle layer is water; top layer - petroleum softener oil. To maintain a homogeneous system in the tank, periodic circulation movement of the mixture components is required according to the scheme
reservoir ---> pump ---> reservoir,
which leads to additional energy costs. In this case, the system is not freed from water. In addition, oil softener XM-1 has a relatively high kinematic viscosity determined at a temperature of 80 ^o C (6.5-8.0 mm ² / s), which impairs its penetrating (impregnating) ability when impregnating wood, and therefore, reduces its protective properties. This value of viscosity ХМ-1 does not meet the requirements of GOST 20022.5-93 "Protection of wood. Autoclave impregnation with oily protective means."

It is known coal sleeper impregnating oil [GOST 2270-74 "Coal oil for wood impregnation"], containing in its composition a relatively narrow oily fraction of thermal origin, which is a mixture of the first anthracene fraction (280-360 ^o C) and absorption oil (235-300 ^o C) [Handbook of coke chemist, t.3. /Under. ed. Ing. A.K. Shelkova. - M .: Metallurgy, 1966, p.66].

The disadvantages of coal sleeper oil are the following factors:
1. Coal impregnating oil contains in its composition up to 0.3 wt. % of substances insoluble in toluene (carbenes and carbides), and up to 1.5 wt.% water, which negatively affects the process of impregnation of wood.

 2. In terms of toxicity, coal-bearing cross-impregnating oil belongs to the second hazard class (highly hazardous), which creates an increased danger from the point of view of the sanitary-hygienic and ecological state of the cross-impregnating plants.

3. Coal sleeper oil has a relatively high pour point (minus 2 - minus 5 ^o C), which makes it difficult to drain and pump it in winter conditions at lower ambient temperatures.

4. Coal tar oil is prepared by mixing and joint crystallization of the 1st anthracene fraction and absorption oil, followed by separation of the crystals in a centrifuge. At 2.5 m ^{3 of} absorption oil, 7.5 m ³ of the 1st anthracene fraction are included in the mixture. After crystallization and centrifugation, the yield of crystals is 15–20% per mixture [Coke Chemist Handbook, v.3. /Under. ed. Ing. A.K. Shelkova. - M.: Metallurgy, 1966, p. 66].

 5. A significant disadvantage of coal sleeper oil is its tendency to sedimentation, which leads to the need to "erosion" in railway tanks and to irretrievable losses when stored in tanks.

 6. Coal tar oil (creosote) has an unpleasant and very persistent smell.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is "Oil impregnating material (options)" (RF patent N 2065356, 27 K 3/50, 08/20/96), containing 80-85 wt.% Oily fractions of thermal cracking (thermal oil), boiling within 220-450 ^o C, and 15-20 wt.% diluent of the hydrocarbon fraction of catalytic cracking, boiling over in the range 180-340 ^o C.

The disadvantages of the known antiseptic fluids include:
1. The insufficiently high fungicidal toxicity of this liquid in relation to fungi and bacteria that destroy wood sleepers and timber.

2. Relatively high pour point (not lower than minus 15 ^o C).

 The present invention solves the technical problem of lowering the pour point of a liquid for wood impregnation, expanding the resources of oily antiseptics for wood impregnation due to the rational use of waste oil.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the wood preservative contains a viscous oily fraction of high temperature cracking (pyrolysis), boiling off within 220 ^o C ⁺ , and an organic regulator of viscosity and pour point based on the catalytic cracking boiling off within 195-325 ^o C .

According to the invention, these components are contained in the following ratio, wt.%:
Oily fraction - 40-65
The specified regulator of viscosity and pour point - 35-60
These fractions and an organic regulator of viscosity and pour point are prepared as follows.

Low-sulfur hydrotreated vacuum gas oil (fraction 350-500 ^o C) is subjected to hard catalytic cracking in a reactor at a catalytic cracking unit type G-43-107 [Khadzhiev S.N. Cracking of oil fractions on zeolite-containing catalysts. - M.: Chemistry, 1982]. The reaction products are subjected to separation in a distillation column to produce catalytic cracking gas and four liquid fractions - gasoline (NK-195 ^o C), light catalytic cracking gas oil (195-325 ^o C), catalytic cracking heavy gas oil (325-420 ^o C>) and the residue of catalytic cracking (420 ^o C ⁺ ).

Low molecular weight paraffins (C ₁ -C ₄ ), as well as straight-run gasoline fractions, are subjected to high-temperature cracking (pyrolysis) in furnaces in industrial pyrolysis plants for crude oil [T.G. Gyulmisaryan, L.P. Gilyazetdinov. Raw materials for the production of carbon furnace soot. - M.: Chemistry, 1975]. The reaction products are subjected to separation to obtain a pyrolysis gas (pyrogas) and liquid products - resin pyrolysis. The total pyrolysis resin is divided into three fractions: solvent (n.c.-150 ^o C), drying oil (150-220 ^o C) and the remainder of the pyrolysis resin (FR 220 ^o C ⁺ ).

 The proposed antiseptic with a low pour point for wood impregnation is obtained as follows.

All components of the antiseptic are simultaneously pumped into the mixing tee of the transport pipeline: a viscous oily fraction of high-temperature cracking boiling in the range 220 ^o C ⁺ and an organic regulator of viscosity and pour point based on the fraction of catalytic cracking boiling in the range 195-325 ^o C.

 A special feature in the preparation of an antiseptic (KNOW-HOW) is the special preliminary cleaning of the viscous oily fraction of high-temperature cracking (pyrolysis) from mechanical impurities.

Example 1. Pre-cleaned of mechanical impurities, the viscous oily fraction of high-temperature cracking, boiling within 220 ^o C ⁺ , - 40 wt.% Is mixed with an organic regulator of viscosity and pour point 195-325 ^o C - 60 wt.%. An antiseptic is obtained with the following quality indicators:
Pour point, ^o C - Minus 37
Flash point in an open crucible, ^o C - 112
Kinematic viscosity at 80 ^o C, mm ² / s - 2.97
Density at 20 ^o C, kg / m ³ - 1004
Example 2. Pre-cleaned of mechanical impurities, the viscous oily fraction of high-temperature cracking, boiling within 220 ^o C ⁺ , - 50 wt.% Is mixed with an organic regulator of viscosity and pour point 195-325 ^o C - 50 wt.%. An antiseptic is obtained with the following quality indicators:
Pour point, ^o C - Minus 30
Flash point in an open crucible, ^o C - 120
Kinematic viscosity at 80 ^o C, mm ² / s - 3.65
Density at 20 ^o C, kg / m ³ - 1014
Example 3

Pre-cleaned of mechanical impurities, the viscous oily fraction of high-temperature cracking, boiling within 220 ^o C ⁺ - 65 wt.% Is mixed with an organic regulator of viscosity and pour point 195-325 ^o C - 35 wt.%. An antiseptic is obtained with the following quality indicators:
Pour point, ^o C - minus 26
Flash point in an open crucible, ^o C - 127
Kinematic viscosity at 80 ^o C, mm ² / s - 4.95
Density at 20 ^o C, kg / m ³ - 1030
Based on the above examples, it can be seen that
1. All obtained and studied compositions of antiseptics with a low pour point NPM-S based on the viscous oily fraction of high temperature cracking (pyrolysis) and an organic regulator of viscosity and pour point are fundamentally new and fully comply with the requirements of GOST 20022.5-93 "Wood protection. Autoclave oily impregnation protective equipment "for all major quality indicators (pour point, flash point, viscosity, density).

 2. The invention can be used to preserve wood in order to prevent its defeat by fungi and bacteria (decay).

3. The use of an organic regulator of viscosity and pour point (fraction 195-325 ^o C of the catalytic cracking process) from 35 to 60 wt.% Allows to obtain NPM-S with a wide range of pour points (minus 26 - minus 37 ^o C), which makes it possible NPM-S applications at low ambient temperatures (transport, discharge, pumping).

Claims (1)

An antiseptic for wood impregnation containing a viscous oily fraction of high-temperature cracking boiling in the range of 220 ^o C, and an organic regulator of viscosity and pour point based on the fraction of catalytic cracking boiling in the range of 195-325 ^o C, characterized in that it contains these components in the following ratio, wt.%:
Oily fraction - 40-65
The specified regulator of viscosity and pour point - 35-60t