RU218288U1 - JET CENTRIFUGAL ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of jet propulsion used, in particular, in water and air modes of transport, as well as in devices and technologies where there is a need to create an efficient water or gas-air flow.

A jet centrifugal propulsion unit is a hollow chamber with an impeller rotating inside it, which has a system of flat plates without any profiling, which is typical for the blades of screw modes of transport. In the plane of rotation of the impeller, a guide pipe is hermetically attached to the housing along the normal to the axis of rotation in the form of a trapezoid or a Laval nozzle. The bottom of the cylindrical body has a hole in the central part for water intake. The impeller drive is carried out through the coaxial axis of the motor. When the impeller rotates, the water synchronously swirls, forming during rotation a centrifugal force with excess pressure on the inner cylindrical wall of the hollow body. This creates a condition for pushing water through the guide pipe in a radial direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the impeller. Along with the growth of overpressure at the periphery of the hollow body, in the central region of the body, a low-pressure zone is formed, into which water is sucked in, which, due to centrifugal force, moves to the periphery and is discharged into the environment through the nozzle. The technical result is a simplification of the propulsion design. 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to vehicles, in particular to ship propellers, and can also be used in devices for creating a directed flow of liquid or gas in various fields of technology.

Known centrifugal traction device containing a rotor and a stator with one or more channels for the passage of the working fluid. The channels of the rotor have input ends, the least remote from the axis of rotation, and output ends, the most remote from the axis of rotation. The input ends of the stator channels are aligned in the axial direction with the output ends of the rotor channels. The output ends of the stator channels have directions parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor. (Patent RF No. 2455525, 2011, IPC V64C 29/04).

The main disadvantage of the known device is the complexity of the design and, accordingly, the decrease in reliability during operation. Installation of such a device presents considerable difficulties. The input channels of the rotor near the axis of rotation limit their number and the growth of the diameters of the channels. In the presence of about 30 narrow channels, the transfer of the movement of the working fluid from the rotor to the stator is extremely inefficient and will have large losses in the kinetic energy of the working fluid.

Known propulsion jet installation of a floating facility, which converts centrifugal force into traction. The plant comprises a hollow rotating disk with water channels, an engine and a disk rotation axis drive in the form of a hollow pipe, a water tank with a water intake. Inside the hollow disk, the water channels are arranged radially to the axis of rotation with the channels turning parallel to the axis of rotation. It is assumed that when the disk rotates, the centrifugal force will move the liquid through the water channels from the center to the periphery of rotation, where the rotation of the water movement by 90° should create a thrust force (RF Patent No. 2381952, 2010 MPK V64S 29/00).

The disadvantages of the known design of the propeller include the complexity of the design with large hydraulic losses due to the fact that the rotating working disk is located above the ship's hull and is located at a considerable height from the water intake, which will require significant costs for lifting water. Additional losses will also occur when the jet of water is rotated at an angle of 90°.

The closest technical solution is a jet propulsion adopted as a prototype, containing a propeller shaft, a hub, blades, a straightener, an intermediate shaft, which is connected to the propeller shaft by means of a gear, and the blades are fixed perpendicular to the intermediate shaft between two disks, one of which is installed perpendicular to the intermediate shaft with a gap in relation to the hub. In this case, the outlet pipe is made in the form of a snail. (Patent RF No. 2047540 C1, 1995 IPC V63N 11/08, V63N 11/103).

To the main disadvantage of jet propulsion, incl. and the prototype, with a volute-shaped conduit housing resembling centrifugal pumps, the complexity of the design is related to the requirement to ensure a minimum clearance between the housing and the impeller up to 0.5 mm, and in addition, the prototype has a gear transmission with a rotation transmission at 90 °.

When creating a utility model, the problem of simplifying the design of the mover was solved.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in a known mover containing a hollow chamber having an inlet and outlet for the working fluid, according to the utility model, the hollow chamber is equipped with an impeller placed in it with a minimum clearance relative to its side walls, the blades of which are made in the form of flat plates , and its shaft is made with the possibility of coaxial connection with the shaft of the rotation motor, the input for the working fluid is made in the form of an opening in the central region of the hollow chamber, and the outlet is made in the side wall of the hollow chamber through a guide pipe attached along the normal to the axis of rotation of the impeller.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the impeller is placed in a hollow chamber with a minimum clearance relative to its side walls. Also, the problem is solved due to the fact that from the side of the exit of the working fluid to the sectoral window of the hollow chamber, a guide pipe is attached along the normal perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the impeller.

The supply of a hollow chamber with an impeller with flat blades, located with a minimum clearance relative to the side walls of the chamber, makes it possible to ensure efficient and synchronous with the rotation of the impeller, the swirling of the working fluid. The untwisted working fluid with an increase in the number of revolutions of the impeller creates excess pressure on the side walls of the chamber due to centrifugal force.

With increasing pressure on the side walls of the chamber, a zone of reduced pressure is formed synchronously in the central region of the chamber. The execution of the input for the working fluid in the form of a hole in the central region of the hollow chamber allows, without additional energy costs, automatically and spontaneously, due to suction, to ensure the access of the working fluid to the central region of the chamber with a constantly reduced pressure.

The execution of the exit for the working fluid in the form of a sectoral window in the side wall of the hollow chamber allows, under the action of excess pressure, to ensure the outflow of the working fluid into the environment in the radial direction, creating a jet stream in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the impeller.

Fixing the nozzle to the sectoral window allows you to form a directed jet and jet acceleration of the working fluid, thereby creating thrust.

The utility model is illustrated in the drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a side view of the propeller in the plane of rotation of the impeller, in Fig. 2 - top view.

A reactive centrifugal propulsor is a closed hollow chamber 1, for example, in the form of a cylinder, with an impeller 2 freely rotating inside it, the rotation axis of which is at an angle of 90 ° to the direction of movement of the ejected flow of the working fluid into the surrounding space. The impeller has a system of flat plates without any profiling, which is typical for propeller or impeller blades. The shaft 3 of the impeller 2 rotates freely in the bearing assembly 4 without the possibility of moving along the axis of rotation. The bearing unit 4 is fixedly fixed on the cover 5 of the hollow chamber 1. The cover 5 is connected to the hollow chamber 1 by bolted connections 6 through the gasket 7, which ensures the tightness of the connection at high pressures of the working fluid. The shaft 3 of the impeller 2 through the attachment 8 is made with the possibility of coaxial connection with the shaft 9 of the rotation motor 10. To supply the working fluid in the central part of the chamber 1, a hole 11 is made, and a sectoral window 12 is made in the side wall to eject the working fluid. To form a directed flow the working fluid to the chamber 1 is attached to the radial guide pipe 13, for example, in the form of a trapezoid or Laval nozzle, in which the sectoral window 12 is the entrance to the guide pipe 13.

A reactive centrifugal propulsion unit, using water as a working fluid, works as follows:

The propeller is immersed in water, while the liquid freely fills the interior of the chamber 1 through the hole 11 and the sectoral window 12. When the rotation motor 10 is turned on, the impeller 2 starts to rotate, its blades capture the closed volume of intake water in its segment and set it into rotational motion. The gaps between the blades of the impeller 2 walls of the chamber 1, which are 1-3 mm, provide efficient and synchronous with the rotation of the impeller swirl of water. Spinning water with an increase in the number of revolutions of the impeller 2 due to centrifugal force creates an excess pressure on the side walls of the chamber 1. With an increase in pressure on the side walls of the chamber 1, a zone of low pressure is simultaneously formed in the region of the axis of rotation of the impeller in the central region of the chamber. It is in this zone that water is spontaneously sucked in through the opening 11. Under the action of excess pressure in the zone of the sectoral window 12, water is squeezed out in the radial direction through the free outlet of the pipe 13 into the environment. In this case, the water acquires a jet acceleration. The shape of the guide pipe 13 in the form of a tapering trapezoid or Laval nozzle allows you to achieve the maximum flow rate of water at its outlet. The ejected water gains momentum. According to the law of conservation of momentum, the propulsor, and accordingly the floating facility, will receive an impulse directed in the opposite direction from the reactive ejection of a jet of water. The thrust force of jet propulsion is equal to the product of the second mass of the ejection of water and the speed of its expiration (see the Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004, articles "Jet Propulsion", "Reactive Force").

The result of the described process will be the movement of a floating vehicle due to the accelerating jet movement of a jet of water, similar to the movement of a rocket ejecting a jet of combustible fuel. The use of water as a working fluid makes it possible to obtain continuous acceleration due to the properties inherent in water: a liquid state and a small compression ratio (several orders of magnitude less than the compression ratio of air).

The simplification of the design of a reactive centrifugal propulsion unit is associated with a direct rotation drive from a standard vertical shaft of the drive motor. The propeller consists of practically two main units: a body 1 with a cover 5 and a pipe 13, and an impeller 2 with flat plates and a bearing assembly 4. In this case, there is no need for a gear unit with a propeller, and there is no need for a water supply pump for engine cooling internal combustion. This function is successfully performed by a simple branch pipe attached to the housing 1 in the zone of high water pressure on the periphery of the rotation of the impeller 2.

Simplifying the design also includes a simple way of rotating water in the housing 1 by means of an impeller 2 with flat non-profiled blades. Such an easy-to-manufacture impeller operates over the entire range of rotational speeds. The simplification of the design is also associated with the absence of intermediate pipelines for the movement of water - after automatic suction, the water unwinds and immediately moves by centrifugal force to the periphery to the walls of the chamber, and is subsequently pushed into the environment through the direct-flow pipe 13.

The design of a jet centrifugal propeller does not require a precise gap between the impeller and the housing, as is the case in water jets between the impeller and the housing in the amount of 0.5 mm. Permissible gaps of a few millimeters have little effect on the untwisting of water and simplify the design.

The claimed utility model was tested on a motor boat with a 5 hp EVINRUDE gasoline engine. With. The design of a jet centrifugal propulsion unit for industrial production and its attachment to the drive engine has been developed. In FIG. 3 shows a photo of a stainless steel propeller. In FIG. 4 shows a photo of the fastening of the industrial version of the propulsion unit with the transmission of torque from the gasoline engine to the impeller directly through the standard engine shaft.

The jet centrifugal propeller was also tested on the MINN KOTA electric motor with a power of 380 W.

As a working fluid in the proposed jet centrifugal propulsion can be used air or gas. The operation of the propeller in this embodiment will be more efficient when the impeller rotates at a speed of more than 100 rpm. with an increase in the rotation speed, the compressibility and density of air or gas will play a positive role. An example of an industrial application of a propulsion device is, alternatively, airboats with a classic propeller.

It is advisable to use a reactive centrifugal propulsion device also in devices and technologies where it becomes necessary to create an efficient gas-air flow.

Claims (3)

1. A reactive centrifugal propulsion device containing a hollow chamber having an inlet and outlet for the working fluid, characterized in that the hollow chamber is equipped with an impeller placed in it with a minimum clearance relative to its side walls, the impeller blades are made in the form of flat plates, and its shaft is made with the possibility of coaxial connection with the shaft of the rotation motor, the input for the working fluid is made in the form of a hole in the central region of the hollow chamber, and the outlet is made in the side wall of the hollow chamber through a guide pipe attached along the normal to the axis of rotation of the impeller. 2. Reactive centrifugal propulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide pipe is made in the form of a trapezoid. 3. A jet centrifugal propulsion unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide pipe is made in the form of a Laval nozzle.

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