RU2148319C1 - Vegetable agent for control of fresh-water mollusks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary parasitology. SUBSTANCE: invention proposes to use preparations obtained from common European spruce, Picea abies L. as an agent for killing mollusks that are intermediate hosts of trematodiasis pathogens in animals and fishes. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of ecologically safe agent, broadened arsenal of agents. 6 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of veterinary parasitology and can be used to destroy freshwater mollusks - intermediate hosts of pathogens of trematodoses of animals and fish.

It is known that copper sulfate (copper sulfate) is used to control mollusks, the intermediate hosts of the causative agents of trematode doses of animals and fish, which are used on a wet bed at the rate of 2 g per 1 m ^{2 of} mollusk biotope, i.e., they are sprayed on 1 m ^{2 of} urea or raw pasture 2.0 - 2.5 l of a 0.1% solution of copper sulfate. Copper sulfate is introduced into shallow water basins at the rate of creating a concentration of 0.2 g / l in them. Copper sulfate is introduced into running water at the rate of 0.2 - 0.3 g / l / h (1).

To combat freshwater mollusks, intermediate hosts of pathogens of trematodoses of animals and fish, 5-4 ¹ -dichlorosalicylanilide is also known, which is applied in the form of a 10% emulsifying concentrate in puddles, ditches, urea in an amount of 1 g of pure substance (or 10 g of concentrate) on 1 m ^{3 of} water. Pastures used for grazing animals are sprayed with a 0.01% solution at the rate of 0.2 g of pure substance (or 2 g of concentrate) per 1 m ² of biotope area (2).

However, the known means are highly toxic in relation to fish, amphibians (frogs, newts), aquatic organisms and vegetation, have cumulative properties and persist for a long time in water bodies. So, the period of detoxification in water in spring and summer for 5,4 ^1- dichlorosalicanilanilide is 13-14 days, in the fall - 5-6.5 months, and the residual molluscicidal effect of chloride and colloidal copper in pure water lasts up to 16-25 months, and in water containing organic matter - 6-19 months.

 The purpose of the invention is the creation of a highly effective environmentally friendly means and the expansion of the arsenal of means for the destruction of freshwater mollusks - intermediate hosts of pathogens of trematodoses of animals and fish.

 The goal is achieved by using preparations from the bark, roots, wood waste, branches of needles and fruits (cones) of the European (ordinary) Picea abies (L.) spruce plant (the Pinaceae family) - as a means of controlling freshwater mollusks - intermediate hosts causative agents of trematodoses of animals and fish.

 European spruce preparations are known in medicine as diaphoretic, choleretic, diuretic, disinfectant (possessing antimicrobial and antifungal properties) agents. They are used for rinsing - with respiratory diseases; apply inside - with tuberculosis, vascular sclerosis, urolithiasis, scurvy, dropsy, skin rashes; in the form of ointments and powders - with furunculosis, wounds and ulcers; baths - with radiculitis. They are used as drinks and infusions with a high content of vitamins C and K. In veterinary medicine, the needles infusion is recommended for hypovitaminosis (as a source of vitamins C, K, carotene and other pharmacologically active substances), for the treatment of dyspepsia and enteritis in calves and piglets. The plant is the food source of many mammals and birds. In the woodworking, woodchemical and perfumery industries, it is a source for turpentine, resins, rosin, varnishes, essential oils, concentrated vitamin pastes, and other active substances.

 Preparations of bark, roots, wood, branches, needles and fruits (cones) of European spruce process pastures and ponds.

For the processing of biotopes - habitats of freshwater mollusks, the following dosage forms are prepared:
- by grinding and drying - large powders (particle size - 1-3 mm). For this, young bark, branches, needles, cones are used;
- by extraction. To do this, use crushed parts of plants - bark, roots, wood waste (shavings, sawdust), branches, needles, fruits (cones);
a) extraction with water. Raw materials in a ratio of 1: (5-20), taking into account the coefficient of water absorption, is filled with water with a temperature of 75-85 ^o C (depending on the density of the raw materials), kept for 16-48 hours, boiled, mixed for 4-10 hours, filtered and evaporated to content water 1: 1 or not more than 25%. An extract of a liquid or thick consistency is obtained;
b) extraction with 50-70% ethanol. The raw materials crushed to particles of 1-3 mm are loaded into an extraction apparatus with a stirrer and external steam heating. Raw materials and extractant are mixed in a ratio of 1: (10-20) taking into account the coefficient of water absorption of the raw materials and incubated for 48-72 hours (which depends on the density of the raw materials) at a temperature of 35-45 ^o C, constantly mixing. Then, by adjusting the steam supply rate to the jacket of the extraction apparatus, the temperature is raised to (50-65 ^° C) with an exposure of 6-10 hours, filtered, concentrated in a vacuum evaporator and an extract of a liquid or thick consistency is obtained;
c) extraction with 6-11% ammonia water (ammonia). The raw material crushed to particles of 1-3 mm is loaded into an extraction apparatus with a stirrer and external steam heating and mixed with the extractant in a ratio of 1: (10-20) taking into account the coefficient of water absorption. The extraction is carried out, constantly stirring, for 48-96 hours, which depends on the density of the raw materials, at a temperature of 35-45 ^o C. Filter and thicken in a vacuum evaporator to the desired consistency of the extract.

 Extraction allows the active-active substances to be more fully extracted, which accelerates and increases the complex effect of binders and tannins, resins, alkoloids, phytoncides, pinicrin, oils, mineral salts, micro- and macroelements and other pharmacologically active substances on mollusks.

For treatment with European spruce extracts, a mother liquor is prepared in hot water (65-85 ^o C). An aqueous suspension is introduced into the biotopes using a sprayer, and the preparation in the form of a powder is manually from the windward side, on days without precipitation, at a water temperature of at least +14 ^o C and a pH of no higher than 7.6.

 The essence is illustrated by examples.

 Example 1

On pasture, in the biotopes of Lymnaea truncatula (0.46 ha), the spruce preparation is applied in the form of an extract at the rate of 1.5 g / l. At a temperature of 26.7-28.8 ^o C and a pH of 6.7 - 6.9 note 95% death of mollusks and 90% death of their clutches.

 Example 2

On a pasture in the biotopes of Lymnaea truncatula (0.54 ha), the spruce preparation is applied in the form of an extract at the rate of 2.0 g / l. At a temperature of 15.5-18.1 ^o C and a pH of 6.9 - 7.0, 91% death of mollusks and 83% death of their clutches are noted.

 Example 3

On pasture in the biotopes of Lymnaea subangulata (0.34 ha), the spruce preparation is applied in the form of a large powder at the rate of 8-9 g / l. At a temperature of 18.6-21.4 ^o C and a pH of 6.8 - 7.0 note 90% death of mollusks and 82% death of their clutches.

 Example 4

On pasture in the biotopes Lymnaea goupili (0.27 ha), the preparation of spruce is applied in the form of a large powder at the rate of 7-8 g / l. At a temperature of 23.7-26.8 ^o C and a pH of 6.9 - 7.1, 93% death of mollusks and 85% death of their clutches are noted.

 Example 5

In the biotopes Lymnaea auricularia, Lymnaea ovata, Lymnaea subangulata, Lymnaea stagnalis, Planorbis planorbis, Planorbarius corneus, Lymnaea palustris, Lymnaea peregra in the wet pond bed after draining the water (0.3 ha), a large powder form of 25 g / powder is added m ² . At a temperature of 15.8-18.0 ^o C and a pH of 7.0 - 7.1 note 92% death of mollusks and 81% death of their clutches.

 Example 6

Biotopes In Lymnaea auricularia, Lymnaea ovata, Lymnaea peregra , Lymnaea stagnalis, Planorbis planorbis, Lymnaea goupili, Planorbarius corneus in wet pond deflated bed (0.23 m) made by preparation ate in form of an extract of 2.5 g / m ^2. At a temperature of 25.3-28.7 ^o C and a pH of 6.9 - 7.0, 100% death of mollusks and 97% death of their clutches are noted.

The effectiveness of the known molluskocide - 5,4 ^1- dichlorosalicylanilide is:
at a temperature of 10-12 ^o C and a pH of 7.3 - 89%,
at a temperature of 20.0-21.5 ^o C and a pH of 7.1 - 93-94%.

We studied the effect of the preparation of European spruce on lower crustaceans, benthos, fish, amphibians, and vegetation. It was found that drugs ate cause:
- death of lower crustaceans (daphnia, mine, cyclops) - 11-23% (100%) ^* ,
- death of benthos (oligochaetes, chironomids) - 6-15% (65-84%) ^* ,
- the death of fish only during the first hours after making preparations in the pond (100% death. In the spring-summer, the action lasts 9-12 days, and in the fall-winter - 5-6 months) ^* ,
- the disappearance of amphibians (frogs, newts) 2-5 days (100% death after 2 hours) ^* .

^* The corresponding indicator for 5.4 ¹ -dichlorosalicylanilide is given in brackets.

Spruce preparations do not affect vegetation (5,4 ^1- dichlorosalicanililide causes burns of various degrees), disintegrate in water in spring and summer for 4-7 days, in the fall - 6-10 days (5,4 ^1- dichlorosalicanililide - 13-14 days and 5 - 6.5 months, respectively).

 Before disinvasion of pastures and flat ponds with spruce preparations, organic and mineral fertilizers are not applied. In the treated pasture areas, animals are not grazed before the mollusks die.

 Disinvasions by the proposed means expose pastures and flat ponds. They are cultivated locally, that is, only places - biotopes (puddles, swampy and coastal sections of water bodies, canals, barrels, urea, pits), in which freshwater mollusks live. The phased discharge of water from the ponds ensures the concentration of mollusks in the lowlands.

 Pasture processing is carried out at the end of May (after the decline of melt water) - June or in August-early September. Ponds disinfect in the spring to fill them with water for stocking and when mollusks appear on the bed after wintering, as well as in autumn after the descent of ponds and fishing.

Sources of information taken into account
1. Gorokhov V.V., Osetrov V.S. Shellfish and their use in agriculture. - M .: Kolos, 1978, p. 18.

 2. Ibid., P. 61.

Claims (1)

 The use of preparations from bark, roots, waste wood, branches, needles and fruits (cones) of European (ordinary) Picea abies (L.) spruce as molluscides.