RU2273134C1 - Vegetable agent for control of fresh-water mollusks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention proposes using the plant roof avens (Geum urbanum L.) preparations that are prepared by pharmacopoeia method. Rood avens preparations in form of powder or extract are used for treatment of fresh-water mollusks inhabitation sites on the pasture or on the lowered pond bed that provides practically total eradication of mollusks and their egg mass for 3-6 days. Invention allows expanding assortment of agents and to realize the indicated designation.

EFFECT: valuable properties of agent.

6 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, for a herbal remedy for the destruction of mollusks - intermediate hosts of the causative agent of trematodoses of animals and fish, and can be used in a system of anti-fasciose measures for disinvasion of pastures and limiting the number of freshwater mollusks - intermediate hosts of Fasciola vulgaris.

A number of molluscicides of synthetic and plant origin are known, differing in structure and mechanisms of action.

From herbal preparations, the molluscicidal properties of preparations of the common oak Quercus robur L. (RU 2141204, A 01 N 65/00, A 01 K 61/00, 1999) and European spruce Picea abies L. (RU 2148319, A 01 N 65/00 were studied , 2000). Known herbal preparations with pronounced molluscicidal properties are environmentally friendly and low toxic to mammals, amphibians, fish, aquatic organisms and vegetation.

In order to expand the arsenal of preparations for the destruction of mollusks - intermediate hosts of the causative agent of trematodoses of animals and fish and to expand the raw material base for the production of molluscicides of plant origin, it is proposed to use preparations from the roots, rhizomes, stems and leaves of urban gravum Geum urbanum L.

Gravilate urban (Geum urbanum L.) - a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Rosaceae - Rosaceae is widespread in the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Central Asia and Western Siberia. It grows in damp places, between shrubs, in groves, on the edges of forests and in meadows.

All parts of the plant contain tannins (mainly tanides) 30-40%, glycoside gein, eugenol, resins, essential oils, bitterness, flavones, starch, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), carotene, micro and macrocells.

Preparations of urban gravilate have anti-inflammatory, astringent, sedative, anti-acid, hemostatic properties and are used in folk medicine inside for diseases of the liver and kidneys, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, cough with sputum that is difficult to separate, inflammation of the intestinal mucous membranes, rickets; externally in the form of lotions and rinses - with bleeding gums, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx, skin diseases. In veterinary practice, urban gravilate preparations are used for gastrointestinal diseases, for coughing, for diseases of the liver and gall bladder, various bleeding, externally for burns, dermatitis, wounds and ulcers.

To combat freshwater mollusks, coarse powder and extracts are used, which are prepared from the roots, rhizomes, stems and leaves of urban gravel.

The powder is prepared by grinding plant materials to particles with a size of 1-3 mm, followed by drying.

For the preparation of extracts, water, ethyl alcohol, ammonia (ammonia water) are used as extractants.

The aqueous extract from the roots, rhizomes, stems and leaves is prepared in a pharmacopoeial way in the ratio of raw materials to the extractor 1: (5-15). Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles with a size of 1-3 mm, a sample of raw materials is placed in an extraction apparatus, filled with a calculated amount of water at a temperature of 65-85 ° C depending on the density of the raw material, insisted for 16-48 hours, heated to a temperature of 100 ° C, filtered and evaporated to a water content of 1: 1 or to a granular mass.

Example. 100 g of crushed roots, rhizomes of stems and leaves of urban gravel are placed in the flask, 500 ml of water with a temperature of 85 ° С (taking into account the coefficient of water absorption К _в = 2) are added, left for 48 hours, heated to a temperature of 100 ° С, filtered and evaporated to a water content of 1: 1. Received an aqueous extract of a liquid consistency.

Alcoholic extract from roots, rhizomes, stems and leaves is prepared in a pharmacopoeial way in a ratio of raw materials to extractor 1: (5-15). Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles with a size of 1-3 mm, a sample of the raw materials is placed in an extraction apparatus with a stirrer and external steam heating, a calculated amount of ethyl alcohol with a concentration of 50-70% is added, it is kept for 24-48 hours at a temperature of 35-45 ° C with constant stirring , and 6-10 hours at a temperature of 50-65 ° C, followed by filtration and concentrated under vacuum to the proper consistency.

Example. In an extraction apparatus with a stirrer and external steam heating, 500 g of crushed roots, rhizomes, stems and leaves of urban gravilate were added 5000 ml of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% (taking into account the coefficient of water absorption К _в = 2), left for 48 hours at a temperature of 40 ° С and constant stirring, and then after raising the temperature to 60 ° C by adjusting the rate of steam supply into the jacket of the extraction apparatus for another 8 hours, it was filtered and concentrated by evaporation under vacuum to a thick consistency.

The extract with ammonia from the roots, rhizomes, stems and leaves is prepared in the pharmacopeia method in the ratio of raw material to the extractor 1: (5-15). Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles with a size of 1-3 mm, a weighed portion of the raw materials is placed in an extraction apparatus with a stirrer and external steam heating, the calculated amount of ammonia water with a concentration of 6-11% is added, incubated for 48-72 hours at a temperature of 35-45 ° C with constant stirring followed by filtration and concentrated under vacuum to the proper consistency.

Example. 600 g of crushed roots, rhizomes, stems and leaves of urban gravilate were placed in an extraction apparatus with a stirrer and external steam heating, 9000 ml of ammonia with a concentration of 10% were added (taking into account the coefficient of water absorption К _в = 2), left for 60 hours at a temperature of 45 ° With constant stirring, it was filtered and thickened by evaporation under vacuum to a thick consistency.

For treatment with urban gravel extracts, mother liquors are used that are prepared in water at a temperature of 65-80 ° C.

When studying the effects of urban gravilate preparations on lower crustaceans, benthos, fish, amphibians, vegetation, it was found that they caused death,%: lower crustaceans (daphnia, cyclops) - 12-24; benthos (oligochaetes, chironomid) - 4-18; fish - only during the first hours after making preparations in the pond. Amphibians (frogs, newts) disappeared for 2-6 days.

Urban gravilate preparations do not cause burns in plants. They disintegrate in water in the spring and summer for 3-6, in the fall - 5-10 days.

Pasture processing is carried out during the mollusk's active state - in late May (after the melt water drops) - in June or in August-early September at a water temperature of at least + 14 ° C and a pH of no higher than 7.6. Ponds are treated in the spring until they are filled with water for stocking and when mollusks appear after wintering, in autumn after the descent of ponds and fishing. Preparations of urban gravilate on pasture in the habitats of mollusks (puddles, swampy and coastal areas of water bodies, canals, ditches, barrels, urea, pits) and in the bed of a deflated pond are applied in the form of a mother liquor using a sprayer, and in the form of a powder - by hand with a windward side.

Before disinvasion of pastures and flat ponds, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers is stopped, and animal grazing begins after the death of mollusks.

The invention is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. On a pasture in the biotopes Lymnaea tnmcatula (344 m ² ) at a water temperature of 16.4-18.3 ° C and a pH of 6.9-7.0, urban gravilate extract was added in the form of a mother liquor at the rate of 2 g / l. The death of 84% of mollusks and their clutches was noted.

Example 2. On a pasture in the biotopes Lymnaea tnmcatula (420 m ² ) at a water temperature of 25.1-27.8 ° C and a pH of 6.8-7.0, urban gravilate extract was added in the form of a mother liquor at the rate of 1.5 g / l The death of 98% of mollusks and 91% of their clutches was noted.

Example 3. On pasture in the biotopes Lymnaea subangulata (351 m ² ) at a water temperature of 19.8-21.6 ° C and a pH of 6.9-7.0, urban gravelate powder was added at a rate of 8-9 g / l. The death of 93% of mollusks and 86% of their clutches was noted.

Example 4. On a pasture in the biotopes Lymnaea goupili (310 m ² ) at a water temperature of 25.5-28.1 ° C and a pH of 6.7-6.9, urban gravelate powder was added at a rate of 7.5-8 g / l. The death of 98% of mollusks and 91% of their clutches was noted.

Example 5. In the biotopes of Lymnaea stagnalis, L. ovata, L. peregra, L. auricularia, Planorbis planorbis, Planorbarius corneus in the wet bed of a flat pond (140 m ² ) at a water temperature of 18.1-19.8 ° C and pH 7 , 0 - 7.1 made urban gravilate powder at the rate of 25 g / m ² . The death of 94% of mollusks and 84% of their clutches was noted.

Example 6. In the biotopes of Lymnaea auricularia, L. palustris, L. stagnalis, L. ovata, L. goupili, Planorbis planorbis, Planorbarius corneus in the wet bed of a flat pond (188 m ² ) at a water temperature of 23.3-25.4 ° C and a pH of 6.8-7.0 were added to urban gravilate extract in the form of a mother liquor at a rate of 2.5 g / m ² . The death of 100% of mollusks and their clutches was noted.

Thus, our experimental studies have shown that preparations of urban gravilate have a molluscicidal effect, which can be used to destroy mollusks - intermediate hosts of the animal trematodose pathogen for the purpose of pasture prevention.

Information sources

1. RF patent RU 2141204 C1, A 01 N 65/00, A 01 K 61/00, 1999.

2. RF patent RU 2148319 C1, A 01 N 65/00, 2000.

Claims (1)

The use of drugs from aboveground and underground parts of urban gravilate (Geum urbanum L.) as a means to combat freshwater mollusks.