RU2341082C1 - Vegetative molluscicide - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention consists in use of preparations from rhizomes, roots, stalks, inflorescences and leaves of the serpent grass Polygonum bistorta L., which prepare in the officinal way, as means of controlling fresh-water mollusks. Using the specified means treat places of dwelling of fresh-water mollusks on a pasture or a box of the lowered pond.

EFFECT: provides practically utter annihilation of mollusks and their layings within three - six days.

6 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary parasitology, relates to means for combating freshwater mollusks - intermediate hosts of pathogens of trematodoses of animals and fish, and can be used in a system of anti-fasciose measures for disinvasion of pastures and limiting the number of freshwater mollusks - intermediate hosts of ordinary fasciola.

Known molluskocides of synthetic origin, different in structure and mechanisms of action, for example, copper sulfate (vitriol), 5,4'-dichlorosalicylanilide / 1 /.

However, well-known synthetic products are highly toxic to fish, amphibians, aquatic organisms and vegetation, have cumulative properties and persist for a long time in water bodies. So, the period of detoxification in water in spring and summer for 5,4'-dichlorosalicanilanilide is 13-14 days, in the fall - 5-6.5 months, and the residual molluscicidal effect of chloride and colloidal copper in its pure form lasts up to 16-25 months, and in water containing organic matter - 6-19 months. 5,4'-dichlorosalicanilanilide causes the death of 100% of the lower crustaceans, 65-84% of benthos, 100% of fish in the first hours after entering the ponds.

Still known molluscocides of plant origin. So, from herbal preparations, the molluscicidal properties of preparations of the common oak Quercus robur L. / 2 /, European spruce Picea abies L. / 3 /, and frangipani Bergenia crassifolia / 4 /, were studied. river gravum Geum rivale L. / 5 /, urban gravilate Geum urbanum L. / 6 /, common calf Acorus calamus L. / 7 /. Known herbal preparations are effective against mollusks Lymnaea goupili, L. subangulata, L. truncatula, L. ovata, L. peregra, L. stagnalis, L. palustris, Planorbis planorbis, Planorbarius corneus and L. auricularia, have little toxicity to mammals, amphibians, fish, hydrobionts and vegetation and practically do not possess cumulative properties, which ensures ecological "cleanliness".

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the arsenal of molluskocides of plant origin and the raw material base for their production.

This goal is achieved by preparations from rhizomes, roots, stems, inflorescences and leaves of the mountaineer snake Polygonum bistorta L.

Highlander snake Polygonum bistorta L. is a perennial herbaceous plant of the buckwheat family. Distributed from the Far North to the steppe zone of the European part of Russia and in Western Siberia, it grows in floodplain and dry meadows, forest edges, along the outskirts of transitional and lowland marshes, in floodplains of small rivers, near ditches and ponds.

The surface part (rhizomes and roots) of the mountaineer snake Polygonum bistorta L. contains tannins (up to 25%), free gallic acid (0.44%) and ellagic acid, catechin (0.5%), hydroxymethylanthraquinones, starch (26.5% ), calcium oxalate (1.1%), vitamins (ascorbic acid 132.2 mg%, provitamin A), macro- and microelements.

The aerial part (flower stalks, inflorescences, leaves) contains tannins (up to 10%), coffee, chlorogenic, protocatechuic and gallic acids, flavonoid glycoside (piperoside, rutin, quercetin and avicularin), ascorbic acid (leaves - 722.3 mg %, flowers - 746.6 mg%).

The preparations of the highlander snake have astringent, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and bactericidal properties, and also have a resorptive, soothing, bile and diuretic effect.

Decoctions and powders of the highlander snake in medicine are used for bleeding, hemoptysis, upset and ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, cholera, dysentery, cystitis, cholecystitis, colpitis, vaginitis, inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, scurvy, and also nervous disorders bites of rabid animals and for the treatment of various tumors; externally in the form of rinses for stomatitis and for lubrication of diseased gums, in the form of lotions - for bleeding wounds and ulcers; in the form of infusions of flowers - for the treatment of ear diseases. In veterinary practice, decoctions are used externally and internally as an astringent for intestinal disorders, inflammation of the mucous membranes, dysentery, and powders for dusting wounds. In light industry, the raw material of the mountaineer serpentine is used in the manufacture of ink, dyeing fabrics, and also for tanning leather. It is known the use of raw materials of the mountaineer snake in the distillery and baking industry. Honey plant.

To combat freshwater mollusks, it is proposed to use preparations from rhizomes, roots, stems, inflorescences and leaves of the mountain snake in the form of a powder or extract.

The powder is prepared by grinding plant materials to particles with a size of 1-3 mm, followed by drying.

For the preparation of extracts, water, ethyl alcohol, ammonia (ammonia water) are used as extractants.

An aqueous extract from rhizomes, roots, stems, inflorescences and leaves is prepared by the pharmacopeia method in the ratio of raw material to extractor 1: (5-15). Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles with a size of 1-3 mm, a sample of raw materials is placed in an extraction apparatus, filled with a calculated amount of water at a temperature of 65-85 ° C depending on the density of the raw material, insisted for 16-48 hours, heated to a temperature of 100 ° C, filtered and evaporated to a water content of 1: 1 or to a granular mass.

Example. 100 g of crushed rhizomes, roots, stems, inflorescences and leaves of the snake highlander were placed in the flask, 500 ml of water with a temperature of 85 ° C were added (taking into account the coefficient of water absorption К _в = 2), left for 48 hours, heated to a temperature of 100 ° C, filtered and evaporated to a water content of 1: 1. Received an aqueous extract of a liquid consistency.

Alcoholic extract from rhizomes, roots, stems, inflorescences and leaves is prepared in a pharmacopoeial way in a ratio of raw material to extractor 1: (5-15). Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles with a size of 1-3 mm, a sample of the raw materials is placed in an extraction apparatus with a stirrer and external steam heating, the calculated amount of ethyl alcohol with a concentration of 50-70% is added, it is kept for 24-48 hours at a temperature of 35-45 ° С with constant stirring and 6-10 hours at a temperature of 50-65 ° C, followed by filtration and concentrated under vacuum to a proper consistency.

Example. 500 g of chopped rhizomes, roots, stems, inflorescences and leaves of snake highlander were placed in an extraction apparatus with a stirrer and external steam heating, 5000 ml of ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% were added (taking into account the water absorption coefficient K _in = 2), left for 48 hours at a temperature 40 ° C and constant stirring, and then after raising the temperature to 60 ° C by adjusting the rate of steam supply into the jacket of the extraction apparatus for another 8 hours, it was filtered and concentrated by evaporation under vacuum to a thick consistency.

Extract with ammonia from rhizomes, roots, stems, inflorescences and leaves is prepared by the pharmacopeia method in the ratio of raw material to extractor 1: (5-15). Medicinal raw materials are crushed to particles with a size of 1-3 mm, a weighed portion of the raw materials is placed in an extraction apparatus with a stirrer and external steam heating, the calculated amount of ammonia water with a concentration of 6-11% is added, incubated for 48-72 hours at a temperature of 35-45 ° C with constant stirring followed by filtration and concentrated under vacuum to the proper consistency.

Example. 600 g of crushed rhizomes, roots, stems, inflorescences and leaves of snake highlander were placed in an extraction apparatus with a stirrer and external steam heating, 9000 ml of ammonia with a concentration of 10% were added (taking into account the coefficient of water absorption К _в = 2), left for 60 hours at a temperature 45 ° C with constant stirring, filtered and concentrated by evaporation under vacuum to a thick consistency.

For processing snake highlander extracts, mother liquors are used, which are prepared in water at a temperature of 65-80 ° C.

When studying the effect of preparations of the serpentine highlander on lower crustaceans, benthos, fish, amphibians, vegetation, it was found that they caused death,%: lower crustaceans (daphnia, cyclops) - 7-17; benthos (oligochaetes, chironomid) - 3-11; fish - only during the first hours after making preparations in the pond. Amphibians (frogs, newts) disappeared for 2-5 days. The preparations of the highlander snake did not cause burns in plants.

They disintegrate in water in the spring and summer for 3-5, in the fall - 4-8 days.

Pasture processing is carried out during the period of the mollusks' active state - in late May (after the melt water drops), June or in August and early September, when the water temperature is not lower than + 14 ° С and pH not higher than 7.6. Ponds are treated in the spring until they are filled with water for stocking and when mollusks appear after wintering, in the fall - after the descent of ponds and fishing. The preparations of the highlander snake on the pasture in the habitats of mollusks (puddles, swampy and coastal areas of reservoirs, canals, ditches, cottages, spans, pits and in the bed of a deflated pond) are applied in the form of a mother liquor using a sprayer, and in the form of a powder - manually with a windward side.

Before disinvasion of pastures and flat ponds, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers is stopped, and animal grazing begins after the death of mollusks.

The invention is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. On a pasture in the biotopes of Lymnaea truncatula (41 m ² ) at a water temperature of 15.2-17.0 ° C and a pH of 6.8-6.9, an extract of highlander snake in the form of a mother liquor at the rate of 2.0 g / l The death of 85% of mollusks and 80% of their clutches was noted.

Example 2. On a pasture in the biotopes of Lymnaea truncatula (53 m ² ) at a water temperature of 26.3-30.0 ° C and a pH of 6.8-6.9, an extract of highlander snake in the form of a mother liquor at the rate of 1.5 g / l The death of 93% of mollusks and 86% of their clutches was noted.

Example 3. On a pasture in the biotopes of Lymnaea subangulata (40 m ² ) at a water temperature of 21.3-24.3 ° C and a pH of 6.9-7.0, snake mountaineer powder was added at a rate of 8.0-9.0 g / l The death of 87% of mollusks and 81% of their clutches was noted.

Example 4. On a pasture in the biotopes Lymnaea goupili (47 m ² ) at a water temperature of 28.1-29.8 ° C and a pH of 6.7-6.8, snake highlander powder was introduced at a rate of 7.5-8.0 g / l The death of 96% of mollusks and 90% of their clutches was noted.

Example 5. In the biotopes of Lymnaea auricularia, L. ovata, L. peregra, L. stagnalis, Planorbis planorbis, Planorbarius corneus in the wet bed of a flat pond (300 m ² ) at a water temperature of 19.0-22.7 ° C and pH 7 , 0-7.1 contributed snake highlander powder at the rate of 25.0 g / m ² . The death of 97% of mollusks and 92% of their clutches was noted.

Example 6. In the biotopes of Lymnaea auricularia, L. goupili, L. ovata, L. peregra, L. stagnalis, Planorbis planorbis, Planorbarius corneus in the wet bed of a flat pond (250 m ² ) at a water temperature of 27.5-30.2 ° C and pH 7.0-7.1 were added extract of highlander snake in the form of a mother liquor at the rate of 2.5 g / m ² . The death of 100% of mollusks and their clutches was noted.

Thus, our experimental studies have shown that preparations from the underground (rhizomes and roots) and aboveground (stems, inflorescences and leaves) parts of the snake highlander have a molluscicidal effect, which can be used to destroy mollusks - intermediate hosts of the animal trematode causative agent in order to pasture prevention.

Information sources

1. Gorokhov V.V., Sturgeon B.C. Molluscocides and their use in agriculture // M .: Kolos, 1978.- 224 p.

2. Patent RU 2141204 C1, 1999.

3. Patent RU 2148319 C1, 2000.

4. Patent RU 2239321 C1, 2004.

5. Patent RU 2273133 C1, 2006.

6. Patent RU 2273134 C1, 2006.

7. Patent RU 2284108 C1, 2006.

Claims (1)

The use of preparations from rhizomes, roots, stems, inflorescences and leaves of the mountaineer snake Polygonum bistorta L. as a means of combating freshwater mollusks.