RU2147408C1 - Method of preparing granulated protein-vitamin mixed food based on green plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cattle breeding. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to preparing mixed food used for feeding animals and poultry who require enhanced concentrate of protein and vitamins. Method involves drying green plants in drying chamber up to residual moisture, mixing with dry moisture absorbing agent, milling and granulation. New aspect of the method involves feeding legume plant seeds of the moisture 35-60% at the ratio = (3:1)-(1:3), respectively, by dry matter that is carried out simultaneously with feeding green plants squeezed out to the moisture 65-72%. Grainy-herb raw is dried up to residual moisture 18-24% and mixed with sunflower oil cake and food yeast as dry moisture absorbing agents at amount 15-35% of obtained mixture mass. In the process of granulation protein green concentrate is added to mixture at amount 0.2-5% by dry matter. EFFECT: high-qualitative mixed food based on vegetable raw base.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for the preparation of granular feed additives based on green plants for animals and poultry, and can be used in industrial complexes, agricultural enterprises and poultry farms.

 A known method of obtaining feed from green plants, including preliminary partial squeezing of grass juice, followed by drying of green plants to a moisture content of 8-10%, followed by grinding and granulation (Description of the invention to ed. Certificate of the USSR N 575080, class A 23 K 1 / 20).

 The disadvantage of this method is the large loss of nutritional properties of the feed due to the fact that the grass is overdried and partially burns and makes it necessary to moisten the mixture before granulation. In addition, increased fuel and electricity consumption.

 A known method of processing non-fat soybeans, in which seeds of legumes, for example soybeans, peas, are pre-soaked in water and dried to an optimum moisture content of 7-8%, which contributes to the destruction of anti-nutritional factors (Description of the invention to the USSR copyright certificate N 2038797, class A 23 K 1/00).

 The disadvantage of this analogue is the high energy consumption in the process of complete drying of the grain, as well as the low content of vitamins.

 The closest analogue to the claimed one on the basis of essential features and adopted as a prototype is a method for producing protein-vitamin supplements, in which green plants are dried in a drying chamber to a moisture content of 25-30%, and before grinding, they are mixed with a moisture absorber - dry coarse straw feed , with a moisture content of 6-8% and granulated (Description of the invention to auth. certificate. USSR N 410756, class A 23 K 1/20).

 However, in the prototype analogue, the feed mixture humidity is too high after drying (25-30%) and straw, roughage is used as a desiccant, and in large quantities, due to this, the fiber content in the additive increases and the total level of protein and vitamins decreases and other nutrients necessary for feeding non-ruminant animals and poultry.

 The technical task of the invention claimed for patenting is to obtain an increased protein and vitamin concentration and the biological usefulness of a feed granulated supplement based on green plants in order to use it in the diets of various animals and birds, as well as reducing energy consumption for the preparation of this feed additive.

 To solve the technical problem, in the claimed invention, in addition to features similar to the closest analogue, it is drying green plants to residual moisture, mixing them with a dry moisture absorber, grinding and granulating, new features are introduced: simultaneously with pressed green plants 65-72% moisture to moisture seeds of legumes with a moisture content of 35-60% and in a ratio of 3: 1-1: 3, respectively, on a dry basis, are fed into the drying chamber, according to the dry matter, the grain-grass raw materials are dried during heat treatment to a residual moisture content of 18-24%, and then mixed t of raw materials with a moisture absorber, which is used as meal (cake) sunflower and fodder yeast in the amount of 15-38% by weight of the obtained feed mixture, on a dry basis, then the feed mixture is finely ground and granulated with the addition of plant components, using protein green concentrate in a dose of 0.2-5%, on a dry matter basis, then dried and cooled to obtain the finished product.

 Analyzing the totality of the essential features contained in the section "solving a technical problem" and in the formula of the invention claimed for patenting, it was found that in the above analogues there are no signs inherent in the claimed invention, and therefore the method of preparing a granular protein-vitamin feed supplement based on green plants meet the criterion of "novelty."

 From the prior art in the field of agriculture and related industries that produce feed additives that go to the diet of animals and poultry, technologies (methods) for the production of feed additives based on green plants with the totality of the characteristics contained in the claims are not identified therefore, the "Method for the preparation of granular protein-vitamin feed additives based on green plants" meets the criterion of "inventive step".

 The results of the experiments on the pig farm ATOO "Niva" Seversky district of the Krasnodar Territory confirm the possibility of implementing the claimed invention by the signs characterizing it, and obtaining high quality indicators of protein-vitamin granular feed additives based on green plants, in connection with which "Method for the preparation of granular protein-vitamin feed additives based on green plants "meets the criterion of" industrial applicability ".

 The method is as follows.

 Shredded, partially squeezed to a moisture content of 65-72% green plants, for example, alfalfa with a moisture content of 68%, are fed into the drying chamber of the AVM-1.5 unit and at the same time seeds of legumes, for example, pea grain with a moisture content of 35-60%, are fed into the drying chamber (in the implementation of 45%) and in a ratio of 3: 1-1: 3, respectively (on dry matter) (in example 1: 1). In the process of heat treatment with a gas coolant in a drying chamber in a stream of hot air, drying of grain-grass raw materials is carried out. As a result of the thermal effect on the mixed plant raw materials, moisture is removed both from green alfalfa plants and from pea grains together with waste heat carrier and, at the same time, the pea grains are thermo-heat treated, with the removal of anti-nutritional enzymes from it. At the same time, grain-raw materials are dried to a residual moisture content of 18-24% (22% in sales) and mixed with a dry desiccant, which is used as a mixture of meal (cake) of sunflower and fodder yeast in an amount of 15-35% (25% in sales) ) to the mass of protein-vitamin supplements (by dry matter). The use of a dry protein component - meal (cake) of sunflower and fodder yeast as a moisture-absorbing additive, not only reduces the moisture content in the feed mixture, but also enriches the feed additive with protein. Further, the grain-grass raw materials are thoroughly crushed on the crushers of the VM-1.5 aggregate and granulated. During the granulation process, a wet protein green concentrate from grass juice in an amount of 0.2-5% (in the implementation of 2%, on dry matter), previously prepared by pressing green plants, is introduced into the plant feed mixture. The components are additionally mixed, turning into a homogeneous feed mixture, which at high specific pressure during the granulation process is redistributed among themselves, forming a new feed composition with improved quality and taste.

 The combination of the drying processes of partially dehydrated green plants and the heat treatment of wet leguminous seeds provides an economical expenditure of energy resources (in contrast to the closest analogue), and also provides incomplete drying of feed (to a residual moisture content of 18-24%), which, in turn, eliminates burning of leaves and inflorescences during drying of green plants, and also excludes frying of legumes, since when they are heat treated together with drying of wet green plants, a milder regime of heat and thermal treatment occurs ki, as a result, decreases the negative effect of high temperature on the amino acid and protein digestibility.

 The combination of processes for drying partially dehydrated green plants and heat treatment of wet legume seeds, mixing with dry high-protein components with thorough grinding and granulation with the simultaneous introduction of a green concentrate of grass juice, provides a high-quality granular protein-vitamin feed supplement based on green plants, more balanced in terms of protein and vitamins, therefore, the resulting supplement should be used in the diets of non-ruminant animals and poultry.

 As a result of experiments at the pig farm ATOO "Niva" of the Seversky district of the Krasnodar Territory, it was found that the use of granulated protein-vitamin feed additives based on green plants, prepared by the claimed method, in the amount of 10-25% of the diet when feeding pigs, the increase in experimental groups increased live weight by 11%, the cost of feed decreased by 23%, profitability of production increased by 8%. At the same time, the cost of 1 ton of prepared granulated protein-vitamin feed supplement based on green plants decreased by 1.5 times.

 Thus, the proposed method provides high-quality granular protein-vitamin feed additives based on green plants for non-ruminant animals and birds and allows the most efficient use of the plant raw material base of feed resources.

Claims (1)

 A method of preparing a granular protein-vitamin feed additive based on green plants, comprising drying the green plants in the drying chamber to a residual moisture content, mixing them with a dry moisture absorber, grinding and granulating, characterized in that at the same time 65-72% green plants are pressed to moisture seeds of legumes with a moisture content of 35-60% and in a ratio of 3: 1-1: 3, respectively, on a dry matter basis, are fed into the drying chamber; and 18-24%, then the raw materials are mixed with a dry moisture absorber, which is taken as a meal (cake) sunflower and fodder yeast in an amount of 15-35% by weight of the obtained feed mixture on a dry matter basis, after which the feed mixture is finely ground and granulated with the addition of protein green vegetable concentrate in an amount of 0.2-5% on a dry matter basis, dried and cooled.