RU2124828C1 - Biocomplex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, plant, fish and poultry growing complex. SUBSTANCE: biocomplex has greenhouse with basin communicated with poultry house. Each isolated section of biocomplex has specific microclimate. Biological humus for feeding plants and live feed for fish and waterfowls are produced in cultivator from worms, plant remains and compost. Such construction allows various feeds of plant and animal origin to be produced in different regions regardless of ecology without usage of chemical substances. Employment of greenhouse, basin and poultry house in single complex allows at least one plant crop yield and animal product with increased biological weight to be obtained during one year. EFFECT: wider operational capabilities, increased yield and enhanced reliability in operation. 6 cl, 9 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for growing plants, fish and birds.

 Shelters, hotbeds, greenhouses are known that allow stably growing in any zones, including unstable agriculture, plant products in comparison with open ground plants (USSR Authors Certificate N 1540739, 07/02/90).

 However, in typical greenhouses, the heat volume and sown area are not used enough, a sharp temperature difference between day and night is allowed, which negatively affects the plant, only plant products are grown.

 Known film-coated cages, allowing to slightly increase the period of active temperatures for fattening fish, as well as open ponds and ponds (US patent N 5046451, 09/10/91).

 Their disadvantages are the lack of stable heat sources, the cultivation of only animal products.

 Closest to the claimed method is a biocomplex comprising a greenhouse with heating, cold and hot water supply, irrigation, lighting and ventilation systems installed on the supporting beams of the bed-trays, a reservoir located under the bed-trays and paths and connected to the aeration system (ed. USSR certificate N 1494883, 07.23.89).

 However, in conditions of environmental degradation, a significant decrease in the brood stock of fish products in rivers, ponds and basins, as well as a sharp increase in the cost of all types of energy, greenhouses and film cages when separately growing only plant or only animal products do not solve the problem of providing the population with plant and animal products comprehensively origin.

 An object of the invention is the integrated cultivation of plant and animal products, as well as a significant increase in the productivity of its biomass at any latitude, regardless of the environment under optimal growing conditions and with minimal energy consumption.

 The proposed biocomplex eliminates the above disadvantages of both greenhouses and closed ponds-cages.

 This result is achieved by the fact that the biocomplex includes a greenhouse with heating systems, cold and hot water supply for irrigation, lighting of ventilation of reservoirs with a water aeration system, a pipe for adjusting the water level, a pipe with a filter for draining water from a reservoir, a ladder for servicing and fishing, a house with a feeder and a fenced area for walking birds.

 The greenhouse of the biocomplex for growing plant products consists of a frame, a transparent coating, isolated compartments with transparent walls that have their own microclimate. This design of the biocomplex allows you to grow in one thermal volume various groups of plant products that are similar in vegetation conditions. The bed-trays in which it is grown are installed in airtight pallets with directed outlet-drainage outside the reservoir. Lifting and turning tracks are laid on the load-bearing beams, which, when they are turned up, significantly increase the illumination of the reservoir and turn them into a guard against waterfowl.

 The heating system is complex, as it consists of two heaters: a furnace and a solar and thermal battery-pond. To heat the greenhouse and the pond, both heating pipes installed under the paths at the border of two media of the regulated water level of the pond and a chimney mounted above the pond are used.

 The irrigation system includes an expansion tank with a heating element, a heating system, automatic topping up and water discharge, piping, shut-off valves and hoses with nozzles.

 The lighting system consists of fluorescent lamps suspended along the axis of the greenhouse, mounted on descending electric cords.

 The ventilation system includes transoms regulated by transom devices. The transoms are mounted on opposite walls of the insulated compartments of the greenhouse.

 The cold and hot water supply system includes a water pipe, stove and solar water pipe heaters with valves and showers with sewage.

 The reservoir of the biocomplex for the cultivation of animal products: fish, crayfish, waterfowl, etc., as well as for the accumulation of thermal and solar energy, consists of a box, equipment and aeration system for water.

 The pond box is rectangular in shape with ledges and extension, slopes towards the drain, from local materials or in an industrial way.

 Paddles are used to grow aquatic vegetation and feed for animal products.

 Pond equipment includes a pond for adjusting the pond's water level, a pipe with a filter for draining water from the pond, and a ladder for servicing ponds and fishing.

 The reservoir aeration system includes a multi-stage jet cascade.

 In the wall of the greenhouse of the biocomplex, near the expanding part of the reservoir, a poultry house has two entrances: one in the direction of the reservoir for feeding the waterfowl with aquatic vegetation and the other in the direction of the feeder, installed on a fenced area. On soils with a high standing of subsurface water, a pumping pump is installed in the reservoir.

 A cultivator is assembled from a part of the bed-trays, representing a box with expandable walls and a lifting roof made of dense material for biohumus for feeding plants and live food for fish and waterfowl.

 Figure 1 shows the biocomplex, a section along the axis of the main view; figure 2 is a cross section aa of the isolated compartment a in figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB of the isolated compartment B in figure 1 and the extended part of the reservoir; in FIG. 4 - section bb of the floor of the biocomplex of figure 1; in FIG. 5-9 is a corresponding section of FIG. 4.

 The biocomplex includes the frame of greenhouse 1, transparent coating 2, partitions 3, dividing the greenhouse into A - an isolated compartment having a microclimate with a humidity of 60% and B - an isolated compartment having a microclimate with a humidity of 80%, a stove heater 4, a solar heater 5, heating pipes 6, smoke pipe 7, cold and hot water pipes 8, shower 9, sewer 10, hoses with nozzles 11, fluorescent lamps 12, transoms with fanlight 13, garden beds 14, pallet 15, beams 16, tracks 17, cultivator 18, pond 19, uro adjustment pipe nya water 20, the water drain pipe 21 to the filter 22, the ladder service, multi-stage jet 23, aviary 24, automatic feeders 25, pad with guardrail 26, a heating element coil 27, the irrigation tube 28.

 The greenhouse consists of a frame 1, a transparent cover 2 and separated by transparent partitions of the isolated compartments A and B. The greenhouse includes a heating system, cold and hot water supply, irrigation, ventilation lighting, flower beds, walkways and a cultivator.

 The heating system includes a stove heater 4, a solar heater 5 — it is also an expansion tank, heating pipes installed under the tracks 17 and fixed under the supporting beams 16, a chimney 7, mounted under the roof of the greenhouse.

 The cold and hot water supply system includes a furnace heater 4, a solar heater 5, a heating coil element 27, pipes 8, a shower 9, and a sewer 10.

 The irrigation system includes a furnace heater 4, a solar heater 5, a heating coil element 27, an irrigation pipe 28, hoses with nozzles 11.

 The lighting system includes fluorescent lamps 12 mounted on the longitudinal axis of the greenhouse on electric cords.

 The ventilation system contains transoms with fanlight devices 13 mounted on opposite walls of the isolated compartments.

 The beds-trays 14 are installed in waterproofing pallets 15 on the supporting beams 16, and the pallets 15 have directional drainage outside the reservoir. Lanes 17 are laid on the supporting beams 16, the cultivator 18 is a box assembled from a part of the beds-trays 14 with stackable sides and a lifting roof.

 The reservoir 19 of the biocomplex is located under the paths 17 of the greenhouse, taking into account human anthropometry.

 Pond 19 is a box with collars, extended and slopes towards the drain. It is made from local materials or in an industrial way. The reservoir 19 includes equipment: a pipe for adjusting the water level 20, a drain pipe 21 with a filter, and a service ladder 22. A multi-stage cascade 23 is included in the water aeration system of the reservoir.

 In the greenhouse of the biocomplex near the expanding part of the reservoir 19, a poultry house 24 is built in, having two exits: one to the side of the reservoir, and the second to the feeder 25 installed on the site with the fence 26.

 Work in the biocomplex is carried out in the following sequence.

 1. Refueling the heating system, cold and hot water supply, irrigation and pond 19 with water.

 2. Water heating from the furnace 4 or solar 5 heater.

 3. Heating the greenhouse and ponds 19 from the heating pipes 6 and the chimney 7 - if necessary.

 4. By adjusting the water level in the pond, the heating of the greenhouse or pond 19 increases or decreases.

 5. The opening value of the transom 13 is regulated by the percentage of moisture in the isolated compartments of the greenhouse. With large solar heatings, the roof of the greenhouse is covered with mats.

 The heating system allows you to work both in heating mode and in cold and hot water supply. In sunny weather, water for irrigation and shower is supplied from the solar heater 5. Temperature differences day and night and in cloudy weather are leveled due to the return of heat from the reservoir 19 - heat accumulator. The heating of water in the pond 19 increases and due to the rotation of the tracks 17 in a vertical position. In cold, sunless weather, the water for irrigation is heated using the furnace heater 4 and the coil heating element 27 in the expansion tank of the solar heater 5.

 Garden soil with vermicompost is collected in the bed-trays 14 and plant seedlings are planted, and plants are grouped and planted similar in vegetation conditions are planted in one or another isolated compartment with their own microclimate. As the seedlings grow, it is tied to trellises, and fluorescent lamps 12, providing illumination of plants, rise on electric cords. Plant nutrition and feed additives for fish and waterfowl are provided by cultivator 18 for propagating worms and obtaining vermicompost, which eliminates the use of chemicals. For joint and safe rearing of fish and waterfowl, young-year-olds are introduced into the reservoir, weighing 100-200 g. The feed is lowered onto the ledges of reservoir 19, where aquatic vegetation, benthos and plankton are grown. The pipe for adjusting the water level 20, turning into a drain pipe 21, lowers the water level, and when turned out, increases it. Water drainage is provided by the water drainage pipe 21 in the event that the leveling pipe 20 is completely turned out. Using the service ladder 22, water, clean and disinfect the reservoir.

 The insulated poultry house 24, built into the greenhouse, has one exit to the reservoir 19 for feeding and feeding of waterfowl with aquatic vegetation, and the other exit to the feeder 25 to the platform with a fence 26.

 The use of the biocomplex will make it possible to efficiently obtain crop and livestock products.

Claims (6)

 1. Biocomplex, including a greenhouse with heating, cold and hot water supply, irrigation, lighting and ventilation systems, installed on the supporting beams of the beds-trays, a reservoir located under the beds-trays and paths and communicated with the aeration system, characterized in that it is equipped cultivator for the propagation of worms and vermicompost, as well as a poultry house in communication with the pond and the platform on which the feeder is installed, while the bottom of the pond is made with ledges, and the tracks are made up-and-down.  2. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating pipes are placed under the paths and under the beds, trays, and the chimney is installed above the pond.  3. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the beds-trays are installed in waterproof pallets.  4. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the water aeration system is made in the form of a multi-stage jet cascade.  5. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the greenhouse has compartments isolated by transparent partitions.  6. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the cultivator for propagating worms and obtaining vermicompost is made as part of the beds-trays.

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