RU2114153C1 - Thermocraking installation for heavy oil residues - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: petroleum processing. SUBSTANCE: installation designed for producing diesel and motor fuels contains mixer to mix raw material with organomineral activator, raw material heating furnace, thermal reactor, separator, and reaction product disintegrator located after thermal reactor. Reaction products from furnace are introduced into middle part of thermal reactor. Gas fraction is withdrawn from the top of thermal reactor and liquid stream from its bottom part to be fed into disintegrator, outlet of which is connected to separator. Number of sections of the thermal reactor furnace and disintegrator series-connected before separator equals from 2 to 5. EFFECT: retained high yield of clear products with no additionally heating reactor and prevented deposition of solid particles in thermal reactor. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the refining industry and can be used for thermal cracking of heavy oil residues to obtain distillate fractions.

 A known installation of thermal cracking of heavy residual raw materials, such as fuel oil, containing a furnace for heating raw materials, a thermal reactor, a distillation column, a heat exchanger and a separator [1].

 During operation of such a plant, the light yield reaches 15–20%, but the raw material heating furnace cokes after 60–120 days when processing heavy asphalt-resinous raw materials.

 Closer to the invention is a thermal cracking unit for heavy oil residues, including a furnace for heating them and a thermal reactor, a distillation column and a separator for separating gasoline fractions from vapors, a feed mixer with a solid organomineral carrier installed in front of the furnace, and a separator for separating gasoline fractions from the mixture thermocracking products, installed after the thermal reactor, with its bottom through the throttle connected to the inlet of the distillation column, and the top to the inlet of the separator separating the gasoline fraction from the vapor [2].

 The disadvantages of this installation are the large heat losses in the thermal reactor due to the endometric effect of the cracking reaction, which requires additional heat supply to the reactor, and the tendency of fine particles of the organomineral activator to agglomerate and precipitate in the reactor.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce the reaction time, maintain the heat balance of the reaction and prevent clogging of the reactor with agglomerated solid particles.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that the thermal cracking unit for heavy oil residues additionally contains a disintegrator of the reaction products coming from the bottom of the reactor, and the reaction products exit from the raw material heating furnace into the middle part of the thermal reactor, the vapor exit from the thermal reactor is from above, and the liquid stream comes from bottom of the reactor to the input of the disintegrator, the output of which is connected to the entrance to the second furnace.

 The installation contains from two to five sections, consisting of a furnace for heating raw materials, a thermal reactor and a disintegrator.

 The drawing shows a thermal cracking unit.

 The installation consists of a mixer 1 of oil residue with an organomineral activator, furnaces 2, 5, 8 of raw material heating, thermal reactors 3, 6, 9, separators 11 and disintegrators 4, 7, 10.

 Installation works as follows. The heavy oil residue enters mixer 1, where an organomineral activator is simultaneously fed. The resulting mixture is heated in furnace 2 and after the furnace is fed into the middle part of the thermal reactor 3. The vapor-gas stream is discharged from the top of the reactor, and the liquid residue from the bottom of the reactor enters the inlet of the disintegrator 4, the outlet of which is connected to the entrance to the second furnace 5. From the second furnace the reaction stream is fed into the middle of the second reactor 6. There may be from two to five such sections. After the last reactor and disintegrator, the reaction products enter the separator 11. in which the separation of the reaction products is completed.

 As a result of such processing of heavy oil residues, a high yield of light oil products is maintained without additional heating of the reactor and the deposition of solid particles in the thermal reactor is prevented.

Claims (1)

 Installation of thermal cracking of heavy oil residues, including a feedstock mixer with a solid organomineral activator, a raw material heating furnace, a thermal reactor, a separator, characterized in that it further comprises a reaction product disintegrator installed after the thermal reactor, and the reaction product exit from the furnace is introduced into the middle part thermal reactor, the vapor is released through the top of the reactor, and the liquid stream from the bottom of the reactor enters the inlet of the disintegrator, the outlet of which is connected to arator, and the number of sections of the furnace, reactor, disintegrator connected in series in front of the separator is from two to five.