RU2289607C1 - Method and the installation (versions) for reprocessing of the petroleum tailings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: petrochemical industry; methods and devices of petroleum tailings reprocessing.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to petrochemical industry, in particular, to reprocessing of the petroleum tailings for production of the light oil. The method of reprocessing of the petroleum tailings provides for treatment at least of the part of the source petroleum tailings with the air, heating the petroleum tailings in the furnace up to 390-420°C, the subsequent thermal cracking in the remote reactor and separation of the formed light oils. The air treatment is conducted after the source petroleum tailings heating. Using the air it is possible to treat only up to 5-10 % of the source petroleum tailings. The air treated part of the petroleum tailings then is mixed with the rest petroleum tailings just before the operation of the thermal cracking after heating of the rest source petroleum tailings in the furnace. The air treatment of the whole volume of the petroleum tailings may be conducted and in the reactor of the thermal cracking at the temperatures of 390-410°C and the air consumption of 1-3 l/kg of the petroleum tailings. The installation for reprocessing of the petroleum tailings includes the connected among themselves by the pipe ducts - the source of the petroleum tailings, the furnace for the petroleum tailings heating, the source of the compressed air, the injector-mixer, the remote reactor of the thermal cracking and the block of separation of the cracking products. At that the source of the petroleum tailings is connected by one pipe duct to the furnace for heating of the petroleum tailings, and by the other pipe duct - with the injector-mixer. The outlet of the injector-mixer is connected to the pipe duct, which is going out the furnace for heating of the petroleum tailings, before the inlet into the reactor of the thermal cracking. In another design version of the installation the injector-mixer is absent and the source of the compressed air is connected directly to the reactor of the thermal cracking. The invention allows to prevent the coking on the surface of the equipment and also to produce the admiralty fuel oil or the boiler fuel oil.

EFFECT: the invention ensures prevention of the coking on the surface of the equipment and production of the admiralty fuel oil or the boiler fuel oil.

6 cl, 4 ex, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to petrochemistry, in particular to the processing of heavy oil residues to obtain light petroleum products.

A known method of processing heavy oil residues by contacting a feedstock heated to 450-520 ° C with hot gas in reactors at 350-450 ° C, pressure 0.4-16 atm, contact time 1-10 hours. To obtain a high-quality product, thermal cracking is carried out in 2-5 reactors connected in series, the temperature of which decreases by 5-50 ° С as the raw materials are transformed. The method provides for pitch, oil and gas (US 4340464, 07.20.1982).

The disadvantage of this method is the small amount of light petroleum products obtained, as well as the complexity of the hardware design process.

Closer to the proposed method in essence and the achieved result is a method for processing heavy oil residues, including treating them with an ozone-containing mixture followed by thermal cracking of the resulting product at a pressure of 0.5-3.0 MPa and a space velocity of 1-2 h ^-1 . Thermocracking is carried out at a temperature of 400-430 ° C (RU 2184761, 07/10/2002). However, the yield of light petroleum products in the known method is insufficient, and, in addition, there is significant coke formation.

Also known is a method of processing heavy oil residues, including treating at least part of the feedstock with air, heating the feedstock in an oven to 400-450 ° C, subsequent thermal cracking in a portable reactor, and separating the resulting light oil products (RU 2237700, 10.10.2004) . According to the description, the yield of light oil products in the known method can reach 70%. However, this value is achievable only theoretically in the laboratory. The remaining 30% represents an unused balance and creates the problem of storage or destruction of such a product.

RU 2232789, 2004 describes a thermal cracking unit for heavy oil residues, comprising a pre-heating unit for the feedstock, an injector-mixer for the feedstock with compressed air, a furnace for heating the feedstock, a remote thermal cracking reactor, and a cracking product separation unit. Organic peroxides are formed in the installation by mixing the feedstock with compressed air, which contribute to more efficient thermal cracking and to obtain more light petroleum products at the outlet.

However, the formation of peroxides in the feedstock occurs in a known apparatus before feeding the feedstock to a heating furnace. At the same time, a significant part of peroxides is destroyed in the heating furnace, which reduces the efficiency of the subsequent cracking process. In addition, the presence of peroxides in the heating furnace increases the likelihood of coke formation, at least in areas of local overheating. In turn, this leads to the need for periodic cleaning of the formed coke.

Proposed according to the invention, the method and structural variants of the installation for its implementation can significantly increase the yield of light oil products in the processing of heavy oil residues on an industrial scale. Valuable fuels — naval or boiler fuel oil — are obtained as a heavy processing product. In addition, the process is not accompanied by coke formation in the raw material heating furnace, including in areas where a noticeable overheating is possible in comparison with the set heating temperature.

A method for processing heavy oil residues includes treating at least a portion of the feedstock with air, heating the feedstock in an oven to 390-420 ° C, subsequent thermal cracking in a portable reactor, and separating the resulting light petroleum products. The fundamental difference between the method and previously known is that the air is treated with all or part of the raw materials after heating the raw materials in the furnace, that is, either before feeding the raw materials to the thermal cracking reactor or directly in the thermal cracking reactor itself.

At the same time, organic peroxides formed during the processing of heavy oil residues or part of them with atmospheric air do not enter the heating furnace of the raw materials, which eliminates coke formation, which is almost inevitable under the conditions of the previously known methods.

In the case of processing raw materials with air, before feeding to the thermal cracking reactor, it is sufficient to process 5-10% of the initial raw material at an air flow rate of 20-30 l / kg of raw material, after which the treated part of the raw material is mixed with the rest of the raw material heated in the furnace to 400-420 ° C immediately before thermal cracking reactor.

In the case of processing all the raw materials with air directly in the thermal cracking reactor, processing is carried out at 390-410 ° C and an air flow rate of 1-3 l / kg of raw material.

As the source of heavy crude oil, you can use any oil residues of various origins, waste oils, oil sludge, etc.

One of the design options for the installation for processing heavy oil residues includes interconnected pipelines a source of raw materials, a furnace for heating raw materials, a source of compressed air, an injector-mixer, a remote thermal cracking reactor, and a cracking product separation unit. The source of raw materials is connected by one pipe to the furnace for heating the raw materials, and another pipe with an injector-mixer, and the outlet of the injector-mixer is connected to the pipe exiting the furnace to heat the raw materials, before entering the thermal cracking reactor.

In another constructive embodiment, the installation also contains a source of raw materials interconnected by pipelines, a furnace for heating the feedstock, a compressed air source, a remote thermal cracking reactor and a cracking product separation unit, but the compressed air source is directly connected to the thermal cracking reactor.

Schematically constructive installation options are shown in the drawings. Figure 1 shows the installation that allows you to process air only a small part of the raw material and mix it with the main part before entering the thermal cracking reactor. Figure 2 presents the installation in which the processing of raw materials by air is carried out directly in the thermal cracking reactor.

A plant for processing heavy oil residues includes a source 1 of raw materials connected by a pipe 2 to a furnace 3 for heating the raw materials, a source 4 of compressed air, an injector-mixer 5, a remote reactor for thermal cracking 6 and a unit 7 for separating cracked products. Separately, gas, gasoline, diesel fractions and fuel oil are separated from separation unit 7.

In the constructive embodiment of FIG. 1, the source 1 of the raw material is connected by a second pipe 8 to the injector-mixer 9. The output of the injector-mixer 5 is connected to the pipe 9 leaving the furnace 3 for heating the raw material, before entering the thermal cracking reactor 6. Between the injector-mixer 5 and the pipeline 9 there is a gas-liquid separator 10, which serves to discharge from the installation the gas phase (air enriched with nitrogen), resulting from the processing of part of the feedstock with air. The reset line is indicated at 11.

In the constructive embodiment of FIG. 2, where air is supplied directly from the compressed air source 4 to the thermal cracking reactor 6, there is no injector-mixer.

The source 4 of compressed air can be a compressor with suitable technical characteristics or a compressed air line, which is usually available in the production of the corresponding profile. Figure 1 as a source of compressed air 4 shows the highway, figure 2 - compressor.

The method and operation of the installations is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

In the experimental setup (Figure 1) processed 1 ton of feedstock in the form of straight-run fuel oil. In this case, 80 kg of fuel oil was treated with atmospheric air by sparging at 120 ° C. Air consumption was 24 l / kg of raw materials. The bulk of the feed was heated in a tube furnace to 440 ° C and sent to a thermal cracking reactor. Directly in front of the reactor, the bulk of the feed was mixed with the rest that had been air-treated. The temperature of the mixture dropped to 420 ° C. Subsequent thermal cracking at this temperature led to the formation of 0.5 tons of light oil products (50% of the feedstock), after separation of which the rest was naval fuel oil. Coking in the installation was not observed.

Example 2

In the conditions of Example 1, the feedstock was processed in the form of oil tar with the addition of 20% oil sludge from oil tanks. The yield of light oil products amounted to 48%, the rest was boiler fuel oil.

Example 3

As a raw material, oil tar was used, which was heated in an oven to 420 ° C and treated with atmospheric air directly in a remote thermal cracking reactor (the installation diagram is shown in FIG. 2). Air consumption was 2.5 l / kg of raw materials. The composition of the products at the outlet of the reactor included (in% of the feedstock) 5% of gaseous hydrocarbons, 30% of light petroleum products, the rest was M100 fuel oil. Coke formation in the installation was absent.

Example 4

Oil tar with the addition of 15% of used oils was subjected to processing. The bubbling of the raw material heated in an oven to 400 ° C with air (1.9 l / kg of raw material) was carried out in a thermal cracking reactor. The composition of the obtained products almost coincided with that given in the previous example.

In all cases, light petroleum products together mean gasoline and diesel fractions, the ratio between which may vary depending on the process conditions.

Thus, this method allows to obtain significant quantities of light oil products, as well as naval or boiler fuel oil in the complete absence of coke formation in the installation.

Claims (6)

1. A method of processing heavy oil residues, including treating at least a portion of the feedstock with air, heating the feedstock in an oven to 390-420 ° C, subsequent thermal cracking in a portable reactor and separating the resulting light oil products, characterized in that the air treatment is carried out after heating raw materials. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that 5-10% of the feedstock is treated with air at an air flow rate of 20-30 l / kg of feedstock and the treated portion of the feedstock is mixed with the rest of the feedstock directly in front of the thermal cracking reactor after heating the remaining feedstock in an oven to 400-420 ° C. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of all raw materials with air is carried out in a thermal cracking reactor at 390-410 ° C and an air flow rate of 1-3 l / kg of raw material. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that fuel oil, oil tar, waste oils, oil sludges are used as feedstock. 5. Installation for processing heavy oil residues, containing interconnected pipelines a source of raw materials, a furnace for heating raw materials, a source of compressed air, an injector mixer, a remote thermal cracking reactor and a separation unit for cracking products, the source of raw materials being connected by a single pipe to the heating furnace raw materials, and another pipeline with an injector-mixer, characterized in that the outlet of the injector-mixer is connected to a pipeline exiting the furnace for heating the raw materials, before entering the thermal reactor cracking. 6. Installation for processing heavy oil residues, containing a source of raw materials interconnected by pipelines, a furnace for heating the feedstock, a compressed air source, a remote thermal cracking reactor and a cracking product separation unit, characterized in that the compressed air source is connected directly to the thermal reactor cracking.

Images