RU2232789C1 - Installation of a thermal cracking of a heavy petroleum leavings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: petroleum refining industry; installations for a thermal cracking of a heavy oil stock.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with petroleum industry, in particular with installations for a thermal cracking of a heavy oil stock (petroleum residue). The installation contains a furnace for heating a feed stock to the required temperature, a remote reactor, a block of separation of products of cracking connected with the remote reactor by lines of liquid and gaseous products delivery. At that the installation is additionally supplied with the unit of a preheating of a feed stock linked with an injector-mixer with the compressed air by a line of delivery of the all heated feed stock or its part, output of which exit is linked with a line of removal of the rest stayed heated raw material from the unit of its heating with gas-liquid separator for separation of the used air from the activated heavy black oil being removed from a lower part of a separator and fed into an inlet of the furnace for heating to the required temperature. The invention allows to increase productivity and to reduce coke production in the installation.

EFFECT: The invention allows to increase productivity and to reduce coke production in the installation.

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Description

The invention relates to the refining industry, and in particular to an installation for thermal cracking of heavy petroleum feedstocks (oil residues) / TNO /.

THO thermal cracking units are known, comprising a furnace for heating the feedstock, a remote reactor where the thermal cracking reaction takes place, a cracking product separation unit connected to the remote reactor by liquid and gaseous product supply lines (US 4836909, 06/06/1989; 3562146, 09.02. 1971).

A disadvantage of the known installations is the relatively low yields of the resulting products, i.e. low productivity, as well as significant coke formation in the equipment.

The aim of this invention is to remedy this drawback.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the installation is additionally equipped with a block of preheating of the feedstock, connected to the injector-mixer with compressed air, a supply line of all heated raw materials or parts thereof, the output of which is connected to the output line of the remaining heated raw materials from its heating unit and with a gas-liquid separator for separating activated TNO from the exhaust air discharged (TNO) from the bottom of the separator and fed sequentially to the furnace for further heating of the feedstock to the desired temperature tours in a bypass reactor, where the thermal cracking reaction and also cracked products separation unit coupled to external supply lines reactor liquid and gaseous products.

The drawing shows a diagram of the installation of thermal cracking: 1 - TNO; 2 - block preheating TNO; 2a is a feed line of all or part of the feed to the injector-mixer; 2b is a line for supplying the remainder of the feed to a gas-liquid separator; 3 - injector mixer; 4 - compressed air; 5 - air compressor; 6 - a homogeneous mixture of TNO - air; 7 - gas-liquid separator; 8 - exhaust air exhaust line; 9 - activated TNO; 10 - tube furnace; 11 - remote reactor; 12, 13 - output lines of liquid and vaporous cracking products; 14 - block separation of cracking products; 15-19 output lines of products, respectively: hydrocarbon gas, NK fractions - 180 ° С, fractions 180-350 ° С, fractions 350-450 ° С, heavy cracking residue.

The operation of the installation is as follows: TNO-1, which can be used heavy oil residues of various origins, waste oils, oil sludge or mixtures thereof, are heated in the pre-heating unit 2 by recovering the heat of the cracked products to a temperature of 100-200 ° C and sent to the injector 3, where it is activated by injected air 4, compressed in the compressor 5, due to the formation of organic peroxides. Processing with compressed air should be carried out at a temperature of 50-250 ° C, a pressure of 0.5-1 MPa at a flow rate of 0.1-10 h ^-1 . Homogeneous mixture 6 TNO - air is separated in a separator 7, exhaust air 8 (mainly nitrogen) is discharged into the atmosphere, and activated TNO 9 is heated to 380-410 ° C in a tube furnace 10 and sent to a portable reactor 11, where the thermal cracking reaction occurs Tno. Liquid 12 and vaporous 13 reaction products are separated into fractions in separation unit 14 with the release of hydrocarbon gas, NK fractions 180 ° C, 180-350 ° C fractions, 350-450 ° C fractions, heavy cracking residue, respectively.

In the case of supplying part of the heated feedstock to the injector-mixer, the remaining heated feedstock is fed via line 2b together with a homogeneous mixture of 6 TNO to the separator 7.

Depending on the grade and quality of TNO, hydrocarbon gas is obtained, gasoline and diesel fractions are required, as well as vacuum gas oil (fraction 350-450 ° C), fuel oil 450 ° C - KK (in the case of using straight-run fuel oil as raw material), bitumen - (in case of using tar as a raw material).

When working on this installation, coke formation in its devices is minimized, in particular, its maximum amount is 0.1 wt.%.

Claims (1)

Installation for thermal cracking of heavy oil residues, containing a furnace for heating the feedstock to the required temperature, a remote reactor, a cracking product separation unit connected to the portable reactor by liquid and gaseous product supply lines, characterized in that it is further provided with a feedstock preheating unit connected with an injector-mixer with compressed air the supply line of all heated raw materials or parts thereof, the output of which is connected to the output line of the remaining heated raw materials with its heating unit and with a gas-liquid separator for separating the exhaust air from the activated heavy oil residue, discharged from the bottom of the separator and fed to the inlet of the furnace to heat to the desired temperature.