RU2105106C1 - Automated method for erection of buildings and structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: this brings automation to entire set of technological operations and converts construction process into flow-like procedure with high level of productivity. This is achieved due to that earth works, arrangement of foundations and basement premises, brick walls, floors and ceilings, roofing and flooring operations for buildings and structures are carried out by set of working members. Carriage is provided with mechanism for replacement of working members. Number of lateral frames is determined according to amount of construction operations. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to methods of construction of buildings and structures.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase labor productivity, ensuring stream construction and a high level of automation of the whole complex of technological operations.

 This goal is achieved in that in an automated way of erecting buildings and structures, including the use of a mechanism having movable supporting columns with horizontal longitudinal guides, mounted to move along them a transverse frame with guides, with a movable carriage mounted on it, carrying a working body for earthworks, installation of foundations and basements, brick walls, ceilings and coatings, flooring and roofing of buildings and structures for they set a set of working bodies, the carriage is equipped with a mechanism for changing the working bodies, and the number of transverse frames is set taking into account the volume of construction work. In this case, the transverse frames can be equipped with consoles to expand the working area.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a General view of the construction site when installing the aboveground part of buildings and structures using an automated building complex (ASK). In FIG. 2 - an automated construction complex in a transport position. In FIG. 3 - one of the options for implementing an automated building complex.

 The use of an automated building complex in construction involves the abandonment of traditional technological schemes.

 The construction of buildings and structures according to the proposed method is carried out in the following order. All engineering communications are preliminarily laid at the construction site, vertical planning, arrangement of access roads and storage sites are carried out.

 Perform a breakdown at the construction site of the future building and structure. Cars 1 are suitable for platforms located beyond the contours of the building. Cars 1 and their trailers are installed at positions previously marked with respect to the object. Bearing platforms 2 are mounted on hydraulic supports 3. The automatic devices that the platforms 2 are equipped with, controlling the supports 3, adjust the platforms in plan and height (leveling).

 On the vertical supports 4, horizontal longitudinal guides 5 are laid, on which a transverse frame 6 with guides 7 is mounted to move along them with a carriage 8 movably mounted on it, bearing a vertically movable rod 9, to which the working body 10 is connected via a mechanism for changing the working bodies 11 .

 Using automatic devices made on platforms 2 and sensors mounted on rails 5, they are leveled in height.

 Thus, the coordinate system formed by the supports 4, the guides 5 and the transverse frame is installed in the working position.

 A set of working bodies necessary for earthworks, building foundations and basements, building walls, making ceilings and coatings, floors, roofing, is placed on a store site mounted on the chassis of a car 12. In the transport position, the transverse frame 6 is placed on the car 13. In the car 14 is the operator’s workplace, which is connected to the mechanisms of the complex via a radio channel or cable.

 By commands from the operator’s workplace located in the car 14, controlling the height of the supports 4, the position of the transverse frame 6, the carriage 8 and the vertical rod 9, the mechanism for changing the working bodies 11 is brought to the zero point of the project. Fix the state of all mechanisms of the coordinate system.

 At the command of the operator, the first working body is taken from the platform of the vehicle 12 and, according to a special program, the first operation related to the excavation is performed. The future foundation pit is being developed to the required level; its shape depends on the type of foundations and the availability of basements.

 Control programs for each operation are formed by special processing of the project of the building under construction, performed by a graphic editor on a PC. Moreover, the control programs contain the coordinate reference of the working body of the corresponding operation relative to the zero point of the project.

 Each type of construction work is technologically linked to all related mechanisms and vehicles necessary to carry out a separate operation.

 The working body for the installation of foundations involves the implementation of various types of foundations depending on the current loads, structural features of buildings and structures, engineering and technological conditions of the construction site. The foundations of the building can be made in the form of a "wall in the ground", a continuous monolithic reinforced concrete slab, foundations on a natural foundation, etc. The walls of the basement are made of brick, cast concrete, large-block elements.

 All subsequent operations on the construction of buildings and structures are carried out each by its own working body and according to special programs.

 The volume of masonry of the external and internal brick walls with door and window openings is filled with brick, taking into account the type of masonry, dressing the joints and fixing the coordinates of each brick, taking into account its orientation in space relative to the zero point of the project. The walls of the building can be made in the form of solid brickwork, well masonry filled with insulating monolithic concrete, made of monolithic concrete.

 The device of floors of buildings and structures associated with the implementation of vapor barrier, laying of insulation, leveling screed, flooring, is performed before the device for overlapping the next floor using its working body.

 After the masonry of the outer and inner walls of the next floor is completed, reinforced concrete ceilings and coverings of the last floor in a monolithic or prefabricated version, roofing work, depending on the roof structure of the building, are carried out by command of the control program.

 The number of supports 4, guides 5 and transverse frames 6 is determined by the size of buildings and structures in the plan, their height, the timing of construction work. The automated method involves the installation of two or more transverse frames 6 along the guides 5 with working bodies that perform various technological operations with the possibility of organizing a flow method.

 One embodiment of an automated method for erecting buildings and structures is shown in FIG. 3.

 Thus, the proposed automated method of erecting buildings and structures will allow for stream construction, to produce and automate almost all basic construction operations, starting with earthwork and ending with roofing. This will increase labor productivity, quality and reliability, significantly reduce construction time, significantly improve the culture of production.

Claims (1)

 An automated method of erecting buildings and structures, including the use of a mechanism having vertically movable supporting columns with horizontal longitudinal guides, mounted with the possibility of moving along them a transverse frame with guides, with a carriage movably mounted on it, carrying a working body, while performing earthworks, construction of foundations and moving rooms, brick walls, ceilings and coatings, floors and roofing of buildings and structures form a set of workers bodies, the carriage is equipped with a mechanism for changing the working bodies, and the number of transverse frames is set taking into account the volume of construction work.

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