RU2099918C1 - Cereal sowing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, cereal sowing and fertilizer application during sowing. SUBSTANCE: method involves tilling soil for 15-17 cm depth; providing broadcast sowing of seed bands and fertilizer in starting dose, with space between mid portions of seed bands being 30 cm; cutting furrows of 6-8 cm depth in band spacings by shares; making vertical spit of 15-17 cm depth in furrow bottom; delivering portions of main dose of fertilizer so as to define intermittent vertical band; covering seed bands with soil extracted during furrow cutting; sowing seeds and starting fertilizer on furrow walls below seed band level with starting dose; compacting soil above band; providing partial falling of soil into furrow and compacting furrow walls. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified method and construction. 4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to sowing grain crops and sowing fertilizer. A device that implements a method of sowing cereals can be used in combined sowing units.

A known method of sowing corn by single placement of rows of seeds along the bottom, on the ridge and on both slopes of the ridge of the irrigation furrow [1]
However, this method does not combine sowing and simultaneous application of the starting and main doses of fertilizers.

A known method of fertilizing in the form of vertically arranged discontinuous tapes in adjacent horizontal soil layers [2]
However, fertilizer belts are placed subsoil with a flat field surface.

Known ridge seeder, providing sowing on pre-formed ridges [3]
The conic rollers used in it do not provide horizontal alignment and compaction of the ridge and at the same time compaction of the walls of the furrows
Also known is a combined plow opener that provides for dispersed sowing of seeds with the introduction of the starting and main doses of fertilizers [4]
However, this opener allows the location of seeds over the main dose of fertilizers, which has a depressing effect on plants with a high concentration. In addition, the presence of a layer of soil between the seeds and starting fertilizers does not allow sprouted seeds to immediately receive the necessary nutrients.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase cereal yields by simultaneously introducing the starting and main doses of fertilizers in combination with scattering of different levels of sowing.

 In FIG. 1 shows a sequence of operations performed by a combined working body; in FIG. 2 combined working body; in FIG. 3 the same top view; in FIG. 4 a remote element of FIG. 2.

 The essence of the method is as follows. The soil for sowing is preliminarily prepared to a depth of 15–17 cm. Next, the operations shown in FIG. 1: 1 on the soil prepared for sowing, seed tapes are sown in a scattered manner together with the starting dose of fertilizers, and the distance between the midpoints of the tapes is 30 cm; 2 openers moving in the intervals between the tapes form grooves of 6-8 cm deep, and below the bottom of the furrows, vertical slots are cut to a depth of 9 10 cm, into which the main dose of fertilizers is portioned and wedged in the soil in the form of an intermittent vertical tape, with the soil extracted from furrows, seed tapes fall asleep with a starting dose of fertilizers; 3 carry out the sowing of seeds and starter fertilizers on the walls of the furrows in the crumbling soil layer; 4 - produce soil compaction with tape and on the walls of the furrows.

 A device for implementing the proposed method includes a seed tube 1, a distributor 2, a coulter 3, which is equipped with a fertilizer pipe 4, a nozzle 5 having rippers 6, and dumps 7, an additional seed tube 8, a packer roller 9 and an arm 10.

 The device operates as follows. Seeds and starter fertilizers come through the vas deferens 1 to the distributor 2, placing them on the soil surface in the form of tapes. The forcefully buried opener 3 during its movement forms a vertical gap into which the main dose of fertilizers is portioned through the piping 4. At the same time, to prevent fertilizer from pouring into the lower part of the slit, the fertilizer pipe 4 is equipped with a nozzle 5, which has rippers 6, which, when the coulter 3 moves, direct the soil from the walls of the formed gap to its center, fixing the incoming fertilizer to the entire depth in the form of a vertically arranged discontinuous tape. The dumps 7 mounted on the coulter 3 form furrows and fill the seed tape with the starting dose of fertilizers with the soil extracted during their formation. Located behind the opener 3 additional seed tubes 8 carry out the sowing of seeds and the starting dose of fertilizer on the loosened walls of the furrows. Behind the opener 3 there is a packer roller 9 which is centrally attached to it by means of a bracket 10. Conical elements are mounted on the roller on the right and left sides of the bracket 10, facing each other with large bases. The cylindrical parts of the roller 9 seal most of the tapes on both sides of the opener 3, which provides overlap of the sealing surfaces. When rolling, the cylindrical parts of the roller pour part of the soil onto the walls of the furrows, filling the seeds and fertilizers sown on them. The conical parts of the roller 9 seal the walls of the furrows. Thus, a multi-level spreading belt sowing is carried out with the simultaneous introduction of the main and starting doses of fertilizers. Moreover, the starting dose of fertilizers is placed together with the seeds, and their main dose, which has a high concentration, is in the form of vertical discontinuous ribbons placed under the bottom of the furrows concentrating the precipitation, which contributes to better dissolution of fertilizers and their absorption.

 All this provides the best conditions for the nutrition and lighting of plants during the growing season due to the uniform placement of seeds and the starting dose of fertilizer on the field surface, as well as local dotted tape application of their main dose, reduces soil erosion during rainfall due to the formation and sowing of furrows, provides stabilization of the crop under insufficient and excess moisture conditions due to uniform sowing.

Sources of information
1. USSR author's certificate N 1687059, cl. A 01 C 7/00, A 01 B 79/02, 10.30.91, Bull. N 40.

 2. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1493140, cl. A 01 C 21/00, July 15, 89, Bull. N 26.

 3. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1662389, cl. A 01 C 7/00, July 15, 91, Bull. N 26.

 4. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1605975, cl. A 01 C 7/20, 11/15/90, Bull. N 42 (prototype) a

Claims (4)

 1. The method of sowing cereals, including scattering of seeds, local application of the main dose of fertilizer in the form of a discontinuous vertically located tape, characterized in that the spreading of crops is carried out together with the starting dose of fertilizers in the form of tapes covered by soil removed from furrows in the inter-belt spaces at the same time sowing seeds and starter fertilizers on the walls of the furrows in the crumbling soil layer and compacting it over the ribbons of seeds and on the walls of the furrows, as well as making the main dose of fertilizers in the form of intermittent rtikalno disposed belts arranged under the bottom of the furrows.  2. A device for sowing grain at the same time as the main and starting doses of fertilizers, including seed tubes with spreaders for spreading sowing, a combined seed coulter with pipelines and dumps, additional seed tubes, a rolling roller, characterized in that the seed tubes with distributors are located in front of the coulters between their axial lines and additional ones are installed behind the coulters, while the dumps are fixed on the sides of the coulter, and the pipelines and rollers are attached to its rear side, and the rollers are hinged to it oh, and the pipelines are tough.  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure line located on the back of the opener is made with a box-type nozzle, the lower edge of which is made flush with the toe of the opener, has an oblique cut facing both sides of the opener the ends of which at different levels in a checkerboard pattern are attached rippers in the form of plow dumps, with left-side dumps installed on the right edge of the cut, and right-side dumps on the left.  4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the roller is made in the form of a cylinder with two conical surfaces located in its middle part, with their large bases facing each other, and between them there is a bracket pivotally connected to the opener.

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