RU2099482C1 - Method of erection of monolithic buildings and structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction, in particular, erection of monolithic buildings with employment of external and internal forms and light-weight concrete. SUBSTANCE: framework consisting of uprights 2 installed around the edges of the cell, cross members 3 located between uprights 2, and reinforcement 4 mounted between uprights 2 and cross member 3 is installed on foundation 11 or previous tier. Then the external (6) and internal (7) forms are installed, and the space between the forms is grouted with light-weight concrete. Then the concrete is subjected to vibration and cured up to congelation. EFFECT: facilitated procedure. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to methods of erecting monolithic buildings using external and internal formwork and lightweight concrete.

 A known method of construction of monolithic buildings and structures [1] including the installation of external formwork, internal formwork reusable, their fixation and pouring concrete between formwork.

 The disadvantages of this method is the large consumption of external and internal formwork, the need to use crane mechanization and, as a result, the cost of construction. Fashionable formwork and the huge weight of the concrete mass make it a powerful foundation. In addition, the curing time of concrete is long, up to 20 days and above. Therefore, the construction of a building, especially a multi-storey building, where each floor is poured with concrete no earlier than the necessary hardness is filled, the filling of the lower floor is delayed for a long period of time. Concrete has low insulating properties, so you have to make the walls of buildings of greater thickness.

 Known prefabricated monolithic walls [2] where they partially try to eliminate these shortcomings by installing semi-blocks on each other in a checkerboard pattern with the formation of wells, where they are placed blocks of effective insulation that separates the monolithic aggregate from opposite walls.

 A known method of erecting the outer walls of structures [3] which includes the installation of external formwork from slabs with their fixation and internal shuttering plates of reusable use with the possibility of tiered movement. Lightweight concrete, in particular aerated concrete, is poured between the formwork. Corner elements and intermediate racks, fastened with lanyards, are installed on the base to the height of the floor. Shields of internal formwork are mounted to the racks so that there is the possibility of vertical tiered rearrangement between the racks and corner elements. External and internal formwork panels have the same height. External formwork panels are fastened with temporary holders, rods and screeds, which are removed after concrete setting.

 The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of mounting formwork panels. In addition, like other methods, this one is quite expensive because of the cost of concrete and aerated concrete, including its delivery from the place of preparation to the construction site and the long construction time, primarily because of the time it takes for concrete to gain strength. It should be noted that aerated concrete is capricious when expanding; it is difficult to predict what its volume will be in the finished state.

 Closest to the claimed one is a method of building walls and ceilings in monolithic housing construction [4] consisting of installing scaffolding with a conductor, fixed formwork, block-panel formwork, multi-hollow flooring and fixed formwork of floors, which is clamped with a block formwork with a clamp, and also . Pouring is carried out with monolithic concrete.

This method is not free from all the disadvantages described above. It should be borne in mind that concrete, like aerated concrete, poorly hardens at very low temperatures (more than -20 ^o C). Concrete is a poor fuse of the building’s interior from the outside cold, in addition, the concrete walls are load-bearing structural elements of the building, therefore the wall thickness is large, more than 40 cm. One can not fail to mention the lack of seismic stability of all mention the lack of seismic stability of all the mentioned monolithic structures, heavy and not plastic.

 To reduce the time, cost of construction, simplify the construction of buildings, as well as create a lightweight structure with increased seismic stability of structures, a method is proposed that includes the installation of external and internal formwork, filling the interdeck space with a hardening compound, followed by its vibration and curing until it hardens. In this case, the construction begins with installation on the foundation or the previous tier of the frame with shotcrete of its metal parts. Then, after installing the outer and inner formwork, the interdeck space is filled with a hardening compound. As a hardening composition, lightweight concrete, mainly arbolite, is used.

 The frame is made of vertical hollow metal profiled racks located around the perimeter of the cell. Racks are poured for rigidity inside with a hardening compound. The frame also includes horizontal metal cross members connecting the posts to each other in the upper part, and reinforcement placed between the posts and the cross.

 The inner formwork is equipped with a horizontal panel on top, which is the internal formwork of the floor, and in height below the external formwork by the thickness of the floor. Armature is installed in the frame between horizontal metal cross members. When pouring the interdeck space with a hardening compound, walls and floors are simultaneously erected. Then the composition is vibrated and maintained until hardened.

 In FIG. 1 shows a sectional cell of a monolithic structure, not flooded with a hardening composition, and fragments below located cells already filled with such a composition; in FIG. 2 is a top view of a cell without overlapping.

 On the prepared foundation, foundation 1 or the previous tier, a frame is installed consisting of vertical profiled posts 2 located along the perimeter of the cell, into which a hardening compound is poured into the stiffness. The number of racks 2 depends on the size of the cell and its configuration. In the upper part of the uprights 2, metal cross members 3 are reinforced, below which reinforcing bars 4 are installed between the uprights 2. The reinforcement 5 is installed between the metal cross members 3 if walls are poured into the cell with simultaneous filling of the floor floors. The frame is shotcrete. Next, the outer formwork 6 and the inner formwork 7 are installed, equipped with a horizontal shield 8 on top, which is the internal formwork of the ceiling. Next, fill the interdeck space with a hardening composition, which is used as lightweight concrete, mainly wood concrete. In some cases, in particular, when erecting 1-2 storey buildings, the frame can be installed lightweight, for example, wooden. Then install the fittings and it is shotcrete.

 Wood concrete is known as lightweight concrete, from which building blocks are made. In the construction of monolithic buildings was not used. Without a frame, it has low strength, but it retains heat well (thermal conductivity is not less than the thermal conductivity of wood) and very light (2-4 times lighter than ordinary concrete). It can be made directly at the construction site, which requires, in addition to cement, water and liquid glass, any shredded waste from the woodworking industry: sawdust, shavings, wood chips, branches, and not necessarily of the first grade. Such a solution is poured into the interdeck space, equipped with a frame, a pump, in any weather, including frosty. The term for building strength is small and does not exceed two days, so the construction period of a high-rise building is a month or two. The walls do not need to be supplied with insulation and their thickness is much less than when using ordinary concrete. The weight of the entire structure of the building, compared with traditional ones, is reduced by 5-6 times. Accordingly, the foundation can be made lightweight. As a hardening solution, you can use arbolite with other aggregates, where instead of woodworking waste, it is possible to use shredded agricultural waste or some plants located near the construction site (reeds, straw, etc.).

 It should be borne in mind that the described method can be used in the construction of monolithic structures, depending on the structure of the building and other factors.

 The support posts 2 can be made of a metal sheet 3-5 mm thick, bent so that a rectangle with a side depending on the load is formed in cross section. For racks, you can use a metal pipe. Fill racks 2 with a hardening solution, connecting them in the upper part with cross members 3 and installing reinforcement 4 between the racks, i.e. Having mounted the frame, you can immediately install the cell frame of the next floor, then the next, etc. Thus, the front of work is created while on the lower floors of the formwork, the interdeck space is filled with a hardening solution, it is selected and maintained until it hardens. The horizontal cross members 3 of the frame can be, like the racks 2, made of a bent metal sheet, and can be of a profile metal beam. Due to the fact that light concrete is used, for example, arbolite, the weight of the structure is reduced several times, which allows the use of lightweight formwork that does not require high strength, for example, wooden panels, lined on the working side with galvanized sheet metal with a thickness of 0.5-0 , 6 mm. Such formwork can easily be installed manually. Internal can be both disposable and reusable. In the latter case, it is easy to make a folding structure mounted on rollers, which, after pouring with light concrete and its discharge, can be freely folded, rolled out and rearranged in another cell.

 The advantages of the described method, in comparison with the traditional one, are obvious. The use of cheap concrete, reduction of its losses due to preparation at the construction site, speed of assembly and reduction of the construction time of buildings, lightweight formwork with manual installation of panels and cost reduction of its cost, supply of arbolite with a pump all this leads to a sharp reduction in the cost of erecting monolithic buildings, reducing construction time and exceptions for crane mechanization. Two other important advantages should be noted, increasing the seismic stability of the structure and improving the ecology of the environment due to the use of light concrete, wood concrete, and production waste that are currently thrown out for the preparation.

Claims (1)

 A method of erecting monolithic buildings and structures, including installing external and internal formwork for each cell, filling the interdeck space with a hardening mortar, mainly light concrete, followed by its vibration and hardening time, characterized in that a frame is installed before installing the formwork on the foundation or the previous tier with shotcrete metal parts made of vertical hollow metal racks located around the perimeter of the cell and poured inward for rigidity by the hardening mortar, horizontal metal cross-pieces connecting the racks to each other in the upper part, and reinforcement placed between the racks and cross-members, the inner formwork being lower than the outer formwork by the thickness of the overlap between the floors and a horizontal board serving as the lower formwork is installed on it floors, the frame is supplemented with reinforcement located between horizontal metal cross-pieces, and after pouring the walls, fill with a hardening solution of the floor floors th.

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