RU2090261C1 - Grain sheller - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: combined feed production and food-processing industry. SUBSTANCE: grain sheller has housing with charging, discharge and aspiration branch pipes, annular deck and rotor with drive. Deck is positioned in axial alignment with rotor. Deck and rotor are made stepped, with closed annular shelling cavities being defined between adjacent steps. Shelling working devices are positioned on upper horizontal annular wall of shelling cavities. Working devices are formed as files extending through shelling cavities to lower circular strips. Each shelling cavity has members for transfer of grain to lower shelling cavity and is communicated with aspiration branch pipe through grain transfer chambers. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and improved quality of shelling. 3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture and cereal industry, mainly can be used in cereals and animal feed plants to separate the shell from the core.

 A known device for peeling grain (see and.with. N 1724353 class. In 02 B 3/02), comprising a housing in which the upper and lower disks are made horizontally and coaxially to rotate in opposite directions with made in the lower and upper parts disks annular protrusions installed with a gap between them. The device is equipped with blades mounted radially on the return disk with horizontal holes, the number of which corresponds to the number of fractions, and their height increases from the center and the periphery of the disk and ring partitions mounted on the upper part of the upper disk with a gap to the blades, while in the upper disk behind the blades in holes are made in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the disk, the gap between the protrusions of the disk increases from the center to the periphery of the disk, under the gaps in the lower disk s circular holes, and by the latter to the outlet port housing.

 The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are strictly directed application for peeling buckwheat, the difficulty of adjusting the degree of peeling.

 The closest in technical essence is a grain scrubber (see a.p. N1804905, class B 02 B 3/00), containing a body with loading and unloading nozzles, an aspiration nozzle, an annular deck, located horizontally and coaxially mounted on a vertical the rotor shaft, and the deck includes two parts in the form of hollow truncated cones directed by large bases to each other, and the rotor is made in the form of a hollow truncated cone, closed from the side of the smaller base and located with the large base up, on the inner cone ical rotor surface coated wear-resistant material.

 The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are limited possibilities for the degree of adjustment of the quality of the peeling of grain, which reduces the scope of the variety of cereals, and low quality peeling.

 The objective is to improve the quality of the peeling of grain and the ability to adjust the degree of peeling for various cereals.

 The problem is solved as follows.

 A device for peeling grain includes a housing, loading and unloading nozzles, an aspiration nozzle, an annular deck and a rotor with a drive coaxially mounted to it. The rotor and the annular deck are made stepwise with the formation between the steps of closed annular peeling cavities, and on the upper horizontal circular wall of the cavity peeling working bodies are installed in the form of files passing through the peeling cavity to the lower circular shelf, and in each peeling cavity there are elements for loading grain into the underlying peeling cavity, and the overload chamber is connected to the suction pipe.

 In addition, a stepped rotor can be placed above a stepped deck and files are fixed on each horizontal circular wall of the rotor, and a groove is made for each peeling cavity in the deck shelf to pour grain into the underlying peeling cavity. A stepped rotor is placed under the stepped deck, and files are fixed on the horizontal steps of the deck, and a plow fixed on the deck is installed in each peeling cavity for raking grain into the underlying peeling cavity.

 The essence of the proposed technical solution.

 In the husking cavity, the grain is peeled with files. When placing a stepped rotor above a stepped deck, the files in the grain fixed on its steps rotate with the rotor.

 Grain stripping and its movement (due to the reaction of resistance) along the peeling cavity occur. After a complete revolution, the grain was partially flaked, discharged by a groove into the underlying shelving cavity. At the same time, husks are removed by suction and grain is mixed. With the successive passage of a number of shelling cavities equipped with various files, the shell is completely removed from the grain. When placing a stepped rotor under the stepped deck, the grain located on the steps of the rotor rotates, and the files stand still, fixed motionless on the disk. Grain passing between files is peeled by notches. Having made one revolution, the grain moves by a plow into the underlying peeling cavity. During the pouring of grain, husks are sucked off by an aspiration unit and grain is mixed. In the subsequent peeling cavity, peeling of the grain with notches of files is also carried out, only the size of notches can be reduced. Passing sequentially through a series of peeling cavities, the grain is cleaned from the shell. The device allows you to change the degree of peeling for various cereals by changing files and changing their number.

 Significant differences of the proposed technical solution are as follows.

 The rotor and annular deck are made stepwise with the formation between the steps of closed annular shelling cavities. This technical solution allows the formation of several peeling cavities. In each cavity, peeling is carried out, followed by pouring grain into the underlying cavity.

 On the upper horizontal wall of the cavity, peeling working bodies in the form of files are installed, passing through the peeling cavity to the lower circular shelf.

 This technical solution allows us to simplify the design of hulling elements by using metalwork steel rasps, files of files that are well mastered by the industry, with a well-developed design of hulling elements (teeth, notches, diamond dusting).

 The design of the files, shapes, sizes, size of the notches allows you to widely vary the ability to peel the grain. In addition, any required number of files can be placed in the peeling cavity, the distance between files can be changed, providing comprehensive grain processing for one revolution of the rotor.

 Sequential processing of grain in several shelving chambers equipped with files with different notch sizes can significantly increase the ability of the device to peel grain. All of the above makes it easy to control the degree of peeling of grains of various nature (barley, oats, peas, wheat, etc.).

 In each peeling cavity there are elements for loading grain into the underlying peeling cavity. This technical solution allows for the peeling of grain in several stages (in the presence of several peeling cavities), ensuring the sequence of removal of the core shell. When changing cavities, grain is mixed to ensure peeling uniformity.

 The grain overload chamber is connected to an aspiration pipe. This technical solution allows you to remove the husk during the pouring of grain from the top to the underlying shelf. Removing husks after the next treatment improves the quality of the peeling of the grain.

 A stepped rotor is located above the stepped deck, and files are fixed on the horizontal circular wall of the rotor. This technical solution allows peeling of the grain with moving files fixed on the walls of the rotor, and the grain moves along the shelves of the stepped deck due to the reaction when grinding the grain. Grain during the passage through each peeling cavity is subjected to file processing for several rotor rotations, which allows you to remove the shell with a hard-fused core.

 For each peeling cavity in the deck shelf, a groove is made at an angle to pour grain into the underlying peeling cavity. This technical solution allows a simple technique to solve the problem of pouring grain from the upper peeling cavity into the lower, while ensuring the reliability of the process of peeling of grain.

 A stepped rotor is located under the stepped deck, and files are fixed on the horizontal steps of the deck. This technical solution allows peeling of the grain when it is moved by means of a rotor between the fixed files mounted on the deck, which provides a less severe peeling of the grain, necessary for peeling cereals with a soft kernel and a weak shell.

 In each peeling cavity, a plow fixed to the deck is installed for raking (moving) the grain into the underlying peeling cavity. This technical solution allows the grain to be displaced at each revolution of the rotor from one cavity to another and thereby avoid the excess of peeling grain with a weak shell.

 Thus, the proposed technical solution has elements of significant novelty and usefulness.

 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for peeling grain with the placement of a stepped rotor under a stepped deck with peripheral loading of grain vertical section; figure 2 diagram of shelling blades with the location of files and places of grain overload from cavity to cavity; in Fig.3 node A (Fig. 1) mount the file on the wall; figure 4 section I-I (figure 1) along the hull in the plan; figure 5 is an example of a shelling cavity with an additional enclosing wall on the deck; in Fig.6 section II-II (Fig.2) an element of grain overload in the underlying shelving cavity flowing at an angle; in FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a device for peeling grain with the placement of a stepped rotor under a stepped deck with peripheral loading of grain; vertical section; on Fig.8 section III-III (Fig.7) the placement of the plow in the shelling blade in the plan; Fig.9 is a schematic diagram of a device for peeling grain with the placement of a stepped rotor under the stepped deck with a central loading of grain vertical section; figure 10 is the same when performing the rotor with emery stones.

 The device for peeling grain consists of a housing 1, a stepped rotor 2, a stepped deck 3, a peripheral loading pipe 4, an aspiration pipe 5 of the discharge pipe 6, the drive 7 of the rotor 2.

 Under the stepped rotor 2, a stepped deck 3 is mounted with the formation of circular closed shelling cavities 8 over the annular shelves 9 of deck 3 (Fig. 1.2). On the horizontal circular walls 10 of the rotor 2, peeling working bodies are installed in the form of files 11 (rasps, files) passing through the shelling cavity 8 to the annular bands 9 of the deck 3.

 Files 11 are the main elements for peeling cereals. General-purpose metalwork files, rasps, files with different numbers of notches, teeth and diamond-shaped dusting can be used. The shape can be used rhombic, flat, semicircular, round, depending on the conditions of use.

 Files 11 are mounted on horizontal walls 10 (Fig. 3) by means of a quick-connect, for example, made of two clamping dies 12 with a conical head 13 and a special nut 14. The inner surface of the dies 12 copies the shape and cross section of file 11. Each file 11 has its own size matrix 12. This allows you to install any necessary files 11 in which more rationally produced peeling of grain. A plurality of files are installed in the peeling cavity 8 (FIGS. 1, 2, 4) 11. The distance between the files 11, their placement in the peeling cavity 8 is determined empirically to obtain high-quality peeling of this cereal. To improve the quality of peeling in the vertical walls of the rotor 2 (figure 4) and deck 3 can be installed in the grooves of the additional inserts 15 and 16 of files and rasps. In addition, to increase the degree of peeling of cereals on the shelves 9 of deck 3, protrusions 17 (Fig. 5) can be made, forming an annular peeling groove of each peeling cavity 8 a groove 18 is made (Fig. 2, 6) at an angle for pouring grain into the underlying peeling cavity 8 (Fig. 6). To remove the husk from the treated grain can be used blowing with compressed air through the nozzle 19 (Fig.2, 6) and removing the husk through the holes 20 in the rotor 2, followed by suction through the nozzle 5. In addition, the removal of husk can be carried out during the passage of grain through shelling cavity 8, for this, additional nozzles 21 (FIGS. 1, 2) can be made, compressed air inlets made in deck 3, which allows the husk to be removed as it forms. A device for peeling grain can be made with a stepped rotor placed under the stepped deck (Fig.7, 8, 9 and 10). In FIG. 7 and 8 show a variant with peripheral loading of grain; Figs. 9 and 10 show a variant with central loading of grain. The main differences between these options is that the files 11 are mounted on a fixed step deck 22 and the grain is rotated by a rotating step rotor 23, and the grain is moved from the peeling cavity 8 to the underlying one by a plow 24 mounted on the step deck 22. Above the plows 24 at the points of overload grain chamber 25 is made, connected to the suction pipe 5. The wire 7 of the stepped rotor 23 can be located below (Fig. 7) and above (Fig. 9). The files 11 used and the file attachment assembly 11 (FIG. 3) are similar to those described above. The vertical walls of the peeling chamber 7 can also be reinforced with additional inserts from files and rasps similar to that shown in Fig. 4. The horizontal shelves of the stepped rotor from the side of the shelling cavity 8 can be reinforced with additional inserts from files and rasps. In addition, a stepped rotor can be assembled from emery stones 26 (figure 10).

 A device for peeling grain works as follows.

 According to the technological instructions for processing this cereal in a peeling cavity 8, the files 11 necessary for processing are installed in the clamping dies 12 with a conical head 13 (Fig. 3) and tightened with a special nut 14. The number of installed files 11 in each peeling cavity 8 (Fig. 2) also determined by instructions (according to previous studies).

 The drive 7 is turned on, the stepped rotor 2 (Fig. 1) starts to rotate, as shown in Fig. 2, counterclockwise. From the loading nozzle 4, the grain enters the upper husking cavity 8. With the rotary files 11, the incoming grain will be peeled off, while being transported through the husking cavity 8 due to the reaction of resistance to separation of the shell. In this case, the grain will be subjected to numerous influences from the group of files located in this husking cavity 8. Under the influence of these influences, the shell separates and moves along the husking cavity 8. When grain passes over nozzles 21 (if they are on this device), compressed air is produced separation of the formed husk, which is blown out of the husking cavity 8 by a stream of air through many holes 20, and then removed through the suction pipe 5 from the device.

 For several revolutions of the rotor 2, the grain by means of files 11 will go through a full circle through the husking cavity 8, and then through the groove 18 (Figs. 2, 5) it is poured into the underlying shelving cavity 8. When pouring grain, the formed husk is also removed and suctioned through hole 20 and suction nozzle 5. Compressed air coming from nozzles 19 can contribute to the husk separation process. In addition, additional inserts 15 and 16 from files installed in vertical enkah rotor 2 and step 3 the deck (4), and the projection 17 on the deck (5). The protrusion 17 can also be reinforced with additional files. The incoming grain through the groove 18 into the underlying peeling cavity 8 is again exposed to rotating files 11. An additional peeling of the grain and removal of husks resulting from this occur. Passing sequentially through a series of shelling cavities equipped with files with different notches, the grain is freed from the shell and delivered through the pipe 6 from the device.

 A device for peeling grain with the placement of a stepped rotor 23 under deck 22 (Fig.7, 8, 9 and 10) works as follows.

 The movement of grain received from the pipe 4 is carried out on the rotating shelves 9 of the stepped rotor 23. Files 11 located in the peeling cavities 8 are stationary due to the fact that they are attached to the stationary deck 22 (Fig.7, 8). The grain during its movement passes between the files 11 while it peeling, and this process is no less dynamic and less traumatic for the grain, and can be used for grain with a soft core and a weak shell. After making one revolution of the rotor, the grain by means of a plow 24 (Fig.7, 8) is poured into the underlying peeling cavity. During the sprinkling of grain, grain is mixed and husk is separated. The separated husk through the chamber 25 and the suction pipe 5 is removed from the device. The grain passes all the shelling cavities in succession; when pouring it, the formed husk is removed from it and mixing is carried out. The process of peeling grain can contribute to the reinforcement of the vertical walls of the deck and the rotor, as well as the protrusions of the 17 rotor with additional inserts from files and rasps, as well as the implementation of a stepped rotor from abrasive stones (Fig. 10).

The process of grain processing at plants with peripheral power (Fig.7, 8) and central power (Fig.9, 10) is similar. The choice of this or another option is determined from the properties of the shell and grain, namely, at what stage
Initial and final require more exposure to separate the shell.

 Thus, the proposed device for peeling grain allows you to process a variety of grains, to rebuild it by changing the number of files, as well as the size of the notches, teeth.

Claims (3)

 1. A device for peeling grain, comprising a housing, loading, unloading and suction nozzles, an annular deck and a rotor with a drive mounted coaxially with it, characterized in that the rotor and annular deck are made stepwise with the formation of closed circular shelving cavities between the steps on the upper horizontal Peeling working bodies are installed in the circular wall of the cavity in the form of files passing through the shelling cavities to the lower circular shelves, each shelling cavity is equipped with elements for overloading grain on to the underlying shelving cavity and communicated with the suction pipe through the grain overload chamber.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stepped rotor is located above the stepped deck, while the files are mounted on a horizontal circular wall of the rotor, and the elements for loading grain into the underlying cavity are made in the form of grooves.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stepped rotor is placed under the stepped deck, while the files are mounted on the horizontal steps of the deck, and the elements for loading grain into the underlying cavity are made in the form of a plow fixed to the deck for raking grain.

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