RU2728338C1 - Centrifugal peeler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Disclosed is a centrifugal decorticator comprising a detachable body consisting of an upper part with loading and unloading branch pipes and a lower part, an annular deck placed in the body, a rotor fixed on the shaft and made of two disks with milled grooves. Left side face of the milled groove is vertical, and the right side faces of the milled slot in the discs are inclined for orientation of lupine grains in the vertical direction. Unloading pipe is arranged coaxially with respect to upper part of split housing.EFFECT: invention provides improved peeling factor.1 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The centrifugal hulling machine is designed for hulling grain crops with a shell (for example, lupine) under the action of centrifugal forces in the production of a high-protein feed additive, it is used at the enterprises of the feed industry and in other industries where grain hulling is required.

Known grain peeler [Patent for a useful model of the Russian Federation No. 138907, IPC ⁷ В02 В 3/00 Grain peeling machine / V.A. Maryin, I.S. Khabazin, A.N. Blaznov, I.V. Nechaev, applicant and patent holder Federal State budgetary educational institution of higher professional education "Altai State Technical University named after II Polzunov" (AltSTU) - №2013142532 / 13. declared 17.09.2013, publ .: 27.03.2014, Bul. No. 9. - 3 p.], Containing a housing with loading and unloading pipes, an aspiration pipe, an annular deck placed in the housing, in which a universal liner made of elastic material is installed, and a rotor with blades fixed to the hollow shaft.

The disadvantage of this peeling machine is that when the particle moves along the rotor blade, peeling of the product is not carried out, and the product is crushed when it hits the annular deck of a rectilinear shape.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the problem being solved is a centrifugal peeler (Patent RU No. 2621988. IPC ⁷ В02В 3/00. Centrifugal peeling machine / Shakhov S.V., Potapov A.I., Belozertsev A.S., Kolyadin V. V., applicant and patentee of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies" (FGBOU VO "VGUIT"). (RU). - No. 2016118513, declared. 2016.05.12. Publ. 2017.06.08.), containing a housing, an annular deck placed in it, a rotor fixed on the hollow shaft, made of two discs fastened together, with blades located between them. The deck on the side of the end part of the discs has a circular concave chamfer with a radius not less than the distance of the gap formed between the rotor discs. The blades are made in the form of a curve obtained by approximating a broken line described by the equation

The disadvantage of this peeling machine is that when the particle moves along the rotor blade, it is difficult to achieve a rational orientation of the particle with its subsequent impact on the annular deck, it provides a very narrow range of speed variation, and, therefore, almost the same force of impact of the particle on the deck, which is not suitable for particles with different sizes.

The technical objective of the invention is: increasing the peeling coefficient, reducing grain losses by minimizing crushing of the cotyledons, rationalizing the speed of the grains at the exit from the rotor, adapted for peeling grains of different sizes, optimizing the impact force of the grains on the deck surface due to the optimal orientation of the grain during its movement in the rotor and subsequent impact on the annular deck.

The task is achieved by the fact that in a centrifugal peeler containing a split casing, consisting of an upper part with loading and unloading nozzles and a lower part, an annular deck located in the casing, a rotor fixed on the shaft, made of two discs with milled slots, the new is that the left side edge of the milled groove is made vertical, the right side edges of the milled groove in the disks are made inclined to orient the grains in the vertical direction, the unloading pipe is located coaxially with respect to the upper part of the split body.

FIG. 1 shows a volumetric view of a centrifugal peeler; in fig. 2 is a frontal view of a centrifugal peeler; in fig. 3 - volumetric view of the disassembled rotor; in fig. 4 - three-dimensional image of the rotor assembly; in fig. 5 is a diagram of the movement of grains oriented in the vertical plane in the milled groove of the rotor.

By size, lupine grain is divided into very large, large, medium, small and very small: sieve analysis showed the following distribution of the grain size of lupine: grains with a size of 6 mm were 15.63%, grains with a size of 5 mm - 50%, grains with a size 4 mm - 34.37%. The average size of a rounded caryopsis in a batch of lupine varieties "Raduzhny" was 4.73 mm. Based on the fact that 50% of the grains in a batch with a diameter of 5.0 mm were found, it can be assumed with a high probability that the kernel with such a gap is divided into cotyledons without overgrinding. At the same time, grain of other sizes will undergo partial or complete destruction under the action of compression, shear and micro-impact forces.

The shells of the grain of white lupine are 14-19% (table 1), so their removal allows you to raise the protein content in the product up to 50% [Egorov I.A., Andrianova E.N., Tsygutkin A.S., Shtele A.L. White lupine and other legumes in poultry feeding // Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex. - 2010. - No. 9]. Peeling of lupine grains will allow to increase the protein content in cotyledons by 20-25% more than in the whole grain.

The centrifugal dehumidifier (Fig. 1, 2) contains a loading nozzle 1, an unloading nozzle 2, an electric motor 3, a frame 4, a split body, consisting of interconnected upper 14 and lower 6 parts. Inside the body there are: an annular deck 7, a shaft 5 with a rotor fixed to it, which consists of an upper 8 and a lower 9 discs 3 and a base 13 (Figs. 3 and 4). Shaft 5 is installed in the upper bearing support 10 and the lower bearing support 11 and is driven from the electric motor 3 by means of a V-belt drive 12.

In disks 8 and 9, grooves are milled, with the left side edge of the milled groove being vertical, and the right side edge of the milled groove being inclined to the vertical to orient the lupine grains in the vertical direction. The choice of the angle of inclination to the vertical of the right lateral faces of the milled groove in disks 8 and 9 is justified as a result of experimental studies for the orientation of lupine grains.

The discharge branch pipe 2 is located coaxially with respect to the upper part 14 of the split body.

The surface of the annular deck 7 from the side of the end part of the disks 8 and 9 is made inclined, since only with such an experimentally established geometry of the deck surface, the radial component of the normal response of the deck is several times higher than the value of the tangential component. This makes it possible to increase the dry friction force between the surface of the grain and the deck by 2.5 times, which ensures effective peeling of the grains.

Consider the movement of grain in a milled groove in the rotor of a centrifugal dehumidifier (Fig. 5). The movement of the grains in the rotor of a centrifugal dehuller is a complex movement. As a relative motion, we take the movement of the grains along the rotor blade, and the portable movement is the rotation of the grains together with the rotor of the centrifugal peeler. When the grains move in the rotor slot, there is a slight increase in the centrifugal force of inertia due to the increase in the acceleration values. Large values of the normal pressure and, as a consequence, large values of the friction force lead to destruction (abrasion) of the shells of the grains already in the rotor slot.

Due to the proposed design and the shape of the lateral edges of the milled groove of the rotor, the lupine grains are oriented in the vertical direction. The inclined surface of the annular deck 7 from the side of the end part of the disks 8 and 9 leads to the fact that the grains, firstly, will hit with such a magnitude of the frontal impact of the particle, which will ensure the destruction of the shell of grain crops during peeling, and, secondly, completely eliminates their flat part hits the deck surface 7.

The centrifugal dehumidifier works as follows. An electric motor 3 is turned on, which, using a V-belt transmission 12, drives the shaft 5 with a rotor fixed to it. Then the grains are fed through the loading nozzle 1 into the split housing and enter the central part of the rotor. Under the action of the centrifugal force of inertia, the grains begin to move with a constantly increasing speed along the milled groove of the rotor, in which, due to the proposed design and the shape of the side faces of the disks 8 and 9, the lupine grains are oriented in the vertical direction. Oriented grains, flying out of the rotor, are thrown onto deck 7, while striking the weaker part against the inclined surface of the annular deck 7. Then the husked product and separated shells are thrown to the discharge nozzle 2, which, due to coaxial placement on the upper part of the split body, provides them efficient removal from the centrifugal dehumidifier.

The offered centrifugal dehumidifier allows:

- to increase the peeling coefficient;

- to reduce grain losses by minimizing crushing of the cotyledons, rationalizing the value of the particle velocity at the exit from the rotor, which is adapted for peeling particles of different sizes;

- ensures the beginning of the peeling process even when the grains move in the milled grooves of the rotor;

- the orientation of the grains during their movement in the rotor ensures the subsequent impact on the annular deck by its less strong point, while minimizing the impact force of the grains on the deck surface.

Claims (1)

A centrifugal dehumidifier containing a split housing, consisting of an upper part with loading and unloading nozzles and a lower part, an annular deck located in the housing, a rotor fixed on the shaft, made of two discs with milled grooves, characterized in that the left side edge of the milled groove is vertical , the right lateral edges of the milled groove in the disks are made inclined to orient the lupine grains in the vertical direction, the unloading pipe is located coaxially with respect to the upper part of the split body.

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