RU2086107C1 - Method for sprout restoration in forest strips - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry. SUBSTANCE: method involves continuous cutting out of stocks of trees; shaping growing sprouts by trimming to obtain stepped profile of forest strip section, with height of step being within the range of 1.0-1.5 m and width not in excess of spacing width. First step is formed beginning from outer shadow row. Each step is formed from woody kinds of trees having equal growing rate. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of restored forests. 2 cl, 1 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to forestry, in particular to agroforestry, and can be used in the restoration of upsetting field-protecting forest stands.

 There is a method of regrowth regeneration of forest strips by longitudinal, transverse and louvre logging sites (Klyuchnikov Yu.V. Reforestation felling in forest belts due to field effect. Proceedings of the Kamenno Stepnoy State Selection Station. Voronezh Regional Book Publishing House. -1940, p. 50 104).

 The method consists in the gradual cutting down of stands with different form and orientation of cutting areas with an adjoining period, the duration of which makes it possible to gain sufficient height for the overgrowth to maintain a continuous field-protective effect when cutting the rest of the planting.

 Longitudinal cutting areas are laid along the axial part of the forest strip, starting from its illuminated side. Cross cutting areas, unlike longitudinal ones, immediately capture the entire width of the plantation. The louvre cutting areas, as well as transverse ones, are located along the entire width of the plantation, but of a narrower and elongated shape and at a certain angle to the axis of the forest strip and to each other for less introduction of the wind flow into them.

 The disadvantage of this method is that the shoot when growing near adult trees does not develop fast enough, it does not have enough sunlight, as it is obscured by the roots next to the growing trees. Growing shoots obscure each other, between them there is constant competition for light. As a result, young trees grown from such overgrowth lose in quality, i.e. have a high height and thin trunk, which ultimately leads to frequent snowbreaks and windbreaks of shoots, increasing the quality loss of shoots renewal.

 There is also known a method of reforestation of forest strips during clear-cutting [1] (prototype), which consists in clear-cutting of trees of the entire plantation under a stump, followed by growing of the shoot.

 The disadvantage of this method is that in mixed forest belts grows several species with different growth rates. As a rule, these are the main breeds that have slow growth (slow-growing), and related breeds with fast growth. When a mixed planting is cut down and a shoot is formed on the stumps, the shoot formed on the stumps of concomitant, fast-growing rocks grows faster than the shoot formed on the stumps of slow-growing (main) rocks. There is constant competition for light, as a result of which fast-growing breeds that oppress the main breeds win. The latter pass into the lower tier and die off. As a result, a shelter plantation is formed entirely from a rapidly growing (accompanying) breed, which, being short-lived, forms a short-lived forest belt.

 The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of coppice regeneration while increasing the safety of the main breeds.

 This is achieved by the fact that from the growing shoots a step profile is formed in the cross section of a forest belt with a step height of 1.0 1.5 m and a width of not more than the row spacing by cutting it, and the formation of the first step starts from the extreme shadow row, and each step is formed from tree species with the same growth rate.

 Cutting of overgrowth over the entire area of the strip with the annual termination of trimming of one row of overgrowth, starting from the extreme shadow row, allows growing undergrowth under the best lighting conditions for rows of tree crops forming the overgrowth. This is because a step profile of the shoot stands is formed, in which the "step" of the highest height occupies the extreme shadow row located when growing the shoot stands according to the prototype method in low light conditions. In mixed stands, slow-growing rocks are located in the center of the stands, and the fringe part is occupied by fast-growing (accompanying) rocks. When growing shoots in this case, according to the prototype method and according to well-known similar technical solutions, the growth of long-lasting (slow-growing) tree species does not withstand competition for light (Table 2) with fast-growing species, as a result of which trees growing from such growths lose quality have a small diameter of the tap and a large height (table. 2), because they are constantly in a depressed state. As a result of the ongoing competition for light, slowly growing rocks become less durable, some of them die at the age of 3–4 years, and only about 20–25% survive to 25–30 years of age.

 The method is illustrated in the drawing.

 When using the method, competition for light between slow-growing and fast-growing tree species is reduced, since the planting has a stepped profile, which has better lighting characteristics (Table 1). As a result, slow-growing species, being in more favorable conditions than by known solutions, form more durable trees of better quality.

 The proposed method is as follows.

 Arboreal plants of an upsetting plantation with a mixed species composition, in which there are durable species in the center of the plantation and associated (fast-growing) in the fringe part, are cut down under the stump in the winter.

 Subsequently, in the spring (late May, early June), shoots are formed on the stumps of felled trees, which at the end of the growing season has a height of 0.7 1.5 m. At the end of the growing season, the overgrown shoots are cut over the entire area of the planting except for the extreme shadow a row of stands, whereby the shoot is cut so that the height of the uncut shoot of the extreme row is 0.5 1 m with respect to the cut growth. Thus, the height of each step of the step profile of the planting is formed, which is equal to 0.5 1 m. The formation of a step with a height below 0.5 1 m leads to overgrowing of the tree plantations with grassy plants (Table 3), which reduces the safety of woody plants.

 Trimming the shoot to a height above 1 m also contributes to a decrease in the preservation and quality of the tree species, since in this case the illumination (Table 3) of the shoot decreases and competition for light begins. This leads to the partial death of some shoots, as well as to an excessive increase in their growth with a small thickness of the trunk (trees are elongated).

 At the end of the second year of vegetation, the overgrown shoots are trimmed over the entire area of the plantation with the exception of two rows, starting from the extreme shadow row.

 Thus, undergrowth undercutting is carried out until a step profile is formed over the entire plantation (Fig. 1), the optimal width of the step of the wound profile being the row spacing (2.5 m), which is associated with the best lighting conditions of the overgrowth (Table 4).

 The use of the invention allows to grow shoots under the best conditions of illumination, because due to the stepped profile, it has a large area, and therefore receives a greater amount of solar energy compared to known solutions.

Claims (2)

 1. The method of reforestation of forest strips, including cutting down a stand and growing a shoot, characterized in that a growing profile is formed from the growing shoot by cutting it in the cross section of a forest strip with a step height of 0.5 to 1.0 m and a width of not more than the row spacing, moreover the formation of the first step begins from the extreme shadow row.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that each step is formed of wood with the same growth rate.

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