RU208077U1 - Pyramid simulator for exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory by memorizing sequences - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology, neurorehabilitation and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore fine motor skills and visuospatial memory in neurological patients with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. Pyramid trainer for fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory restoration by the method of memorizing sequences contains a chain of working elements connected in series to each other, made in the form of regular truncated pyramids (1) of the same shape and size, but of different colors, from the side of the lower base of each of of which a blind round hole (2) is made, having a depth greater than the length of the cylindrical shank (3), intended for installation in a round hole of another pyramid, made from the side of the upper base for connecting and disconnecting working elements into a chain during the lesson. Thus, the pyramid simulator helps to increase the interest of patients in the process of rehabilitation classes, allowing you to conduct classes aimed at the simultaneous restoration of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory by memorizing sequences. The proposed pyramidal simulator introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation exercises with patients, turning them into an attractive neuropsychological training for patients. Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the pyramidal simulator can be widely used in clinical practice. 8 w.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the field of neurology, neurorehabilitation and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes with neurological patients on the simultaneous restoration of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory by the method of memorizing sequences.

Violation of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory occurs in neurological patients due to organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

Violation of fine motor skills leads to difficulties in performing various household actions by patients that require precise coordinated movements of the fingers.

To restore the impaired fine motor skills of the fingers, various simulators are used, which ensure the inclusion of the fingers in various movements associated with gripping, holding and other actions with small objects.

So, from the existing level of technology, a tabletop simulator is known. An inclined panel with pegs, which is intended for the development of fine motor skills, the development of strength and mobility of the fingers of the upper extremities (Internet store "Tyanite". An inclined panel with pegs was found on 05.08.2021 on the Internet at the address http://tianit.ru/katalog/dostupnaya-sreda/trenazhery/panel-naklonnaya-s-kolyshkami.html).

Structurally, this simulator consists of a wooden base with several rows of holes of different diameters, in which sixteen wooden pegs of a circular cross-section are installed, which the patient takes out and installs into these holes during the lesson.

The disadvantages of this simulator when used in the course of training to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in neurological patients are

a) this simulator is not intended for exercises to restore visual-spatial memory;

b) the monotony and monotony of the actions performed by the patients to install pegs into the holes, leading to a decrease in interest in classes and rapid fatigability of patients;

c) this simulator is stationary and is intended for use in a clinic's office.

Also from the existing state of the art, there is a known device Magnetic simulator for training to restore memory in patients of a neurological clinic by memorizing sequences (Patent RU 177219 U1 dated 13.02.2018).

Structurally, this device is a rectangular case with a length of 300 mm, in which a metal working plate is installed with a row of 5-12 round cells, on which chips-magnets of various colors are located.

In the course of training with this device, working cards are used containing sequences of colored circles, which the patient must remember and reproduce from memory on the surface of the working plate by moving the chips-magnets.

The disadvantages of this device when used in the course of training to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in neurological patients are

a) this device is not intended for exercises to restore fine motor skills;

b) the dimensions of the device make it difficult to use it outside the clinic's office.

Also, from the existing prior art, a device is known that provides the ability to simultaneously restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory - a tabletop simulator for independent home exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in neurological patients (Patent RU 184498 U1 dated October 29, 2018 No. ).

Structurally, this device is a body in which a row of twelve identical holes is made, in which working elements are installed in the form of pencils or felt-tip pens differing in color.

To carry out exercises with this device, working cards with white and colored stripes are used, the sequence of which the patient must remember and from memory install working elements of similar colors into the corresponding holes of the device.

The disadvantages of this device when used in the course of training to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in neurological patients are

a) this device is intended for use at a work desk only;

b) the inconvenience of using this device when conducting exercises with bedridden patients.

Also known from the existing prior art is a chain trainer device for rehabilitation and preventive training of verbal memory (Patent RU 164894 U1 dated 20.09.2016).

Structurally, this device is a chain-connected plastic tags with words, which are easily disconnected and connected to each other, due to which this device allows you to form various sequences of words for memorization by patients.

The disadvantages of this device when used in the course of training to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in neurological patients are

a) this device is not intended for exercises to restore fine motor skills;

b) this device is not intended for lessons on restoration of visual-spatial memory.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above devices and simulators, as well as expand the arsenal of devices for training in the restoration of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in neurological patients, a Pyramid simulator has been developed for training in the restoration of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory by the method of memorizing sequences (hereinafter referred to as pyramidal training apparatus).

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are

a) the actions performed by the patients should be simultaneously aimed at both restoring fine motor skills and restoring visual-spatial memory;

b) maintaining the interest of patients in the process of recovery activities through the use of a new device;

c) restoration of fine motor skills should be carried out in the course of interesting exercises for patients to restore visual-spatial memory;

d) the ability to change the degree of complexity of tasks to restore visual-spatial memory;

e) the compactness of the pyramid simulator, which makes it possible to carry out exercises with it in various conditions, for example, on walks for patients;

f) ensuring the convenience of conducting classes with bedridden patients;

g) the simplicity of the construction of the pyramid simulator, contributing to its widespread implementation in clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the expansion of the arsenal of devices designed for exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory, which helps to maintain the interest of patients in the exercise process, and is ensured by the structural elements of the claimed pyramidal simulator, which make it possible to conduct classes for the simultaneous restoration of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in various conditions, as well as with bedridden neurological patients.

This technical result is ensured due to the fact that the pyramid simulator contains a chain of working elements connected in series with each other, made in the form of regular truncated pyramids of the same shape and size, but different colors, from the side of the lower base of each of which a blind round hole is made with a depth more than the length of the cylindrical shank made from the side of the upper base for connecting and disconnecting working elements into a chain during the lesson.

In a preferred embodiment of the pyramid simulator, the working elements are made in the form of triangular truncated pyramids.

In a preferred embodiment of the pyramid simulator, the working elements are made in the form of rectangular truncated pyramids.

In a preferred embodiment of the pyramid simulator, the working elements are made in the form of pentagonal truncated pyramids.

In a preferred embodiment of the pyramid simulator, the working elements are made in the form of hexagonal truncated pyramids.

In a preferred embodiment of the pyramid simulator, the working elements are made in the form of heptagonal truncated pyramids.

In a preferred embodiment of the pyramid simulator, the working elements are made in the form of octagonal truncated pyramids.

In a preferred embodiment of the pyramid simulator, the working elements are made in the form of nine-cornered truncated pyramids.

In a preferred embodiment of the pyramid simulator, the working elements are made in the form of decagonal truncated pyramids.

The essence of the useful model is a pyramidal simulator for exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory by memorizing sequences "is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 - General view of the pyramid simulator;

FIG. 2 - view of the working element of the pyramid simulator;

FIG. 3 - view of the working element of the pyramid trainer from the side of the upper base;

FIG. 4 - view of the working element of the pyramid trainer from the side of the lower base;

FIG. 5 is an example of a work card for use during a pyramid training session.

The claimed pyramid simulator (see Fig. 1) is a structure in the form of a chain of working elements connected in series with each other (see Fig. 2-4), made in the form of regular truncated pyramids (1) of the same shape and size, but different colors (blue, red, yellow, etc.), from the side of the lower (larger in size) base of each of which a blind round hole (2) is made, and from the side of the upper (smaller in size) base - a cylindrical shank (3), which provides the possibility connecting and disconnecting working elements into a chain during the lesson.

The term pyramid means a polyhedron, one of the faces of which (called the base) is an arbitrary polygon, and the other faces (called lateral faces) are triangles with a common vertex. According to the number of base angles, pyramids are distinguished triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, etc. A pyramid is called regular if its base is a regular polygon, and its vertex is projected to the center of the base. The side edges of the pyramid are the edges that are the sides of two side faces (Wikipedia. Pyramid (geometry), found 05.08.21 on the Internet at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_(geometry)).

The term truncated pyramid refers to the part of the pyramid enclosed between the base and a plane parallel to the base. If the original pyramid is correct, then its truncated pyramid is also called correct. The base of the original pyramid, as well as the face parallel to it, are called the bases of the truncated pyramid. The side faces of the truncated pyramid are trapezoidal. (Wikipedia. Truncated pyramid, found 05.08.21 on the Internet at the address: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruncated pyramid).

The term chain means a row, a string of objects (Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. Chain, found on 05.08.21 on the Internet at: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ogegova/263874).

The term shank refers to a part of some parts or tools that serves to attach other parts (Wiktionary. Shank, found 05.08.21 on the Internet at: https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/ shank).

The dimensions indicated below for this particular pyramid simulator are not indications that narrow the scope of legal protection, since they may change in the process of its creation.

Work items can be made of plastic or wood in the form of triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal, nine-cornered, decagonal, etc. regular truncated pyramids.

The height of each pyramid (1) (without the shank) is 20-35 mm, and the diameter of the circle circumscribed around its base is 25-40 mm.

The number of working elements of the pyramid simulator can be from 5 to 10 or more pieces.

Due to the fact that the working elements of the pyramid simulator are made in the form of regular pyramids (1), the convenience and ease of their connection into a chain and subsequent disconnection is ensured due to the fact that

a) the surfaces of the side faces and the lower base of each pyramid (1) provide a convenient grip and hold with the fingers of the hands (the thumb and forefinger are located on the lateral faces, and the middle finger - on the lower base);

b) the lower base and the side faces located at an angle serve as stops for the fingers of the hand when connecting and disconnecting working elements;

c) lateral ribs prevent slipping of the fingers, providing the ability to perform light rotational movements when connecting and disconnecting working elements.

Thus, the aforementioned features of the working elements of the pyramidal simulator provide the ability to conduct classes with neurological patients with impaired fine motor skills of the fingers.

From the side of the lower base of each pyramid (1) a blind round hole (2) is made, and from the side of the upper base there is a cylindrical shank (3) intended for installation in a round hole (2) of another pyramid (1).

The dimensions (diameter and length) of each shank (3) are the same, while the diameter of the shank (3) should not exceed the diameter of the conditional circle inscribed in the upper base of the pyramid (1), and the length of the shank (3) is 5-10 mm less than the height pyramids (1).

The dimensions (depth and diameter) of each round hole (2) are the same, while the depth of each round hole (2) is 2-5 mm greater than the length of the shank (3), and the diameter of the round hole (2) is made to match the diameter of the shank (3) in such a way that it should provide:

a) the ease of connecting and disconnecting the working elements of the pyramid simulator with the fingers of the hand during the lesson;

b) the tightness of the connection of the working elements, sufficient to prevent their separation when tilting and turning the pyramid simulator during the lesson.

To provide additional tightness of connection of the working elements with each other, a longitudinal groove (4) can be made in the shank (3) of each working element, which divides the shank (3) into two identical parts (see Figs. 2, 3).

In the course of conducting classes using a pyramid simulator, a methodological manual is used, consisting of working cards (5), each of which contains on both sides a task for memorization (see Fig. 5), which is an image of a sequence (from 3 or more pieces .) of identical colored shapes (for example, rectangles), the color of which corresponds to the color of the working elements of the pyramid simulator.

Working with the utility model pyramid simulator for exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory by memorizing sequences is carried out as follows:

Before the beginning of the lesson, the patient, holding the pyramid simulator with his healthy hand, disconnects (restoration of fine motor skills) it into separate working elements with the fingers of the hand with a violation of fine motor skills.

Next, the specialist presents the patient with a work card (5), the complexity of which corresponds to the degree of impairment of the patient's visual-spatial memory.

So, at the first stages of classes, work cards (5) can be used, containing sequences of 3 or 4 colored figures.

Further, the patient, during a time interval specified by a specialist (from 15 seconds or more), memorizes (restoration of visual-spatial memory) a sequence of colored figures, after which the specialist covers the used work card with something (for example, a sheet of paper) (5).

After that, the patient from memory (restoration of visual-spatial memory) connects (restoration of fine motor skills) the working elements of the pyramidal simulator in accordance with the sequence of colored figures on the used working card (5).

To do this, the patient takes a working element with his healthy hand, the color of which corresponds to the color of the first figure on the working card (5), and with his hand with fine motor skills takes (restoration of fine motor skills) another working element, the color of which corresponds to the color of the second figure on the working card (5) ...

After that, the patient connects (restoration of fine motor skills) these working elements with each other, inserting the shank (3) of one working element into the round hole (2) of another working element.

The patient performs all further actions with the working elements with his hand with fine motor impairment, until a chain of pyramids (1) is drawn up, the sequence of colors of which corresponds to the sequence of colored figures on the used working card (5).

After completing the connection of working elements, the specialist, together with the patient, checks the correctness of the task.

Then the patient, holding the pyramidal simulator "with his healthy hand, separates (restoration of fine motor skills) with his hand with fine motor skills impairment into separate working elements, after which he receives another work card from the specialist (5) and the above sequence of actions is repeated.

Along with the above-described method of holding the pyramidal simulator, classes with it can be carried out in another way, which consists in the fact that the patient sets the first working element on the horizontal surface of the working table, after which he holds it with the fingers of his healthy hand, and takes it with the fingers of his hand with fine motor skills and sequentially connects work items of specified colors into a chain. Thus, in this case, the working elements of the pyramid simulator are arranged vertically.

Along with the above method, exercises using a pyramid simulator can be carried out without using work cards (5).

In this case, the specialist calls the patient a sequence of words that represent the names of different colors (for example: blue, red, yellow, green, etc.), which the patient should try to remember (memory recovery), and then connect (fine motor skills restoration) memory working elements of corresponding colors with each other in accordance with a predetermined sequence.

Along with exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in neurological patients, the pyramidal simulator "can be effectively used in the following cases

a) when conducting classes with patients, the violation of fine motor skills of which is caused by various other reasons, for example, hand injuries, the consequences of surgical operations, etc.;

b) when carrying out correctional and developmental classes with children who have disorders in the formation of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory;

c) when conducting neuropsychological trainings with elderly people;

d) as an educational game aimed at developing and training fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in healthy children.

Thus, the pyramid simulator increases the interest of patients in the process of recovery exercises, allowing them to conduct exercises aimed at the simultaneous restoration of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory by memorizing sequences.

The declared pyramid simulator introduces an element of novelty into the process of recovery exercises, turning them into an attractive neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, the pyramid simulator can be widely used in clinical practice.

Claims (9)

1. Pyramid simulator for exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory by the method of memorizing sequences, characterized by the fact that it contains a chain of working elements connected in series with each other, made in the form of regular truncated pyramids of the same shape and size, but different colors, from the side the lower base of each of which has a blind round hole having a depth greater than the length of the cylindrical shank, intended for installation in a round hole of another pyramid, made on the side of the upper base for connecting and disconnecting working elements into a chain during the lesson. 2. The pyramid simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working elements are made in the form of triangular truncated pyramids. 3. The pyramid simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working elements are made in the form of rectangular truncated pyramids. 4. The pyramid simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working elements are made in the form of pentagonal truncated pyramids. 5. The pyramid simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working elements are made in the form of hexagonal truncated pyramids. 6. The pyramid simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working elements are made in the form of heptagonal truncated pyramids. 7. The pyramid simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working elements are made in the form of octagonal truncated pyramids. 8. The pyramid simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working elements are made in the form of nine-cornered truncated pyramids. 9. The pyramid simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working elements are made in the form of decagonal truncated pyramids.

Images