RU2071255C1 - Field vermicultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural . SUBSTANCE: method involves organic waste composting and preparation of the substrate by mixing composted waste with cellulose-containing and mineral additives. Earthworms are introduced and cultivated in the substrate. In autumn a vermibed is laid for winter vermicultivation near a perforated tube for aeration. A substrate clamp is formed on the tube side, and in early winter the clamp is covered with straw. In a different part of the field peat and manure belts are formed as the weather becomes frosty. The belts are not than 2 m in width and 0.35 v in height. In spring the components of the belts are mixed together and the mixture is moved to lie on warmer soil, and a cone-shaped bed for summer vermicultivation is formed. Compost from the winter vermibed is placed on this bed so that an M-shaped depression is formed. A maternal culture of "manure" and "soil" worms is introduced in the summer vermicultivation bed, and in winter mostly "manure" worms are lured out of the bed. The remainder of compost with young worms and pupas of "soil" worms is distributed over the mulched field surface. EFFECT: continuous year-round process. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to process a wide range of organo-waste in an environmentally friendly fertilizer vermicompost directly on a fertilized (revitalized) field year-round, including the winter period. This method can find application in mulching technology in the bioindustrial system of bed-mulching agriculture (BISGMZ).

 A known method of growing worms in a nutrient medium, made in the form of a ridge (US patent N 4513685, CL A 01 To 67/00, 1985). The method is based on the expansion of the ridge by adding material with nutrients, which causes the migration of the worm population along the guide when this population increases. Then the increment of the migratory worm population is sent to a device that separates this increment from the ridge. The rest of the migratory worm population is kept in the ridge as a fiery population.

 The disadvantage of this method of vermicultivation is the low production of vermicompost due to its use only in the summer, and on limited sites, and not in the field.

 Closest to the proposed method is a method for the production of vermicompost (Gorodnitsky N.M. et al. Vermiculture and its effectiveness, K. 1990 Agriculture Obzor.inform. UkrNIIIPTI Series Agriculture, agrochemistry, agricultural land reclamation from 5-6) including preparation of organic waste, worm populating the substrate, their cultivation, coating the substrate with a layer of straw.

 In order to intensify the method before introducing worms into the substrate, glaucanite is additionally introduced in the amount of 5-15% as a trace element source and zeolite in the amount of 5-10% of the dry weight of the substrate as an adsorbent.

 The disadvantage of this method is the possibility of its field year-round use only in places with warm winters. For conditions, for example, a cold Siberian winter, this method is not suitable.

 The aim of the invention is the production of vermiculture due to field year-round process, the integrated use of crops of "manure" and "soil" earthworms.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of field vermicultivation, including the preparation of organic waste by composting, preparation of the substrate by mixing composted waste and cellulose-containing and mineral additives, the population of the substrate with worms and their cultivation, according to the invention, a winter vermiculture vermi-cultivation is laid directly on one part of the field in autumn next to the perforated pipe by an aerator, then from the side of the pipe over the ridge of bioheating from the substrata are formed ata, at the beginning of winter, a collar is insulated, for example, with a layer of straw, in the other part of the field when stable colds occur, layer by layer form, for example, peat-manure belts no more than 2 m wide, no more than 0.35 m high, in the spring, when frozen, they melt frozen the components of the tape, then they shift the mixture from the permafrost onto the heated soil, forming a conical ridge of summer vermicomposting, then from the frozen side they put vermicompost, for example, from a winter vermicompost, forming an M-shaped depression in the ridge.

 This goal is also achieved by the fact that the ridge of summer vermicultivation is populated with a uterine culture containing different groups of "dung" and "soil" worms, in autumn, mainly dung worms are lured from the ridge, and the remaining part of vermicompost with young and cocoons of soil worms is scattered on the surface of the oplya containing mulch.

 According to the information available to the authors, the set of essential features characterizing the essence of the claimed invention is not known from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

 According to the authors, the essence of the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "inventive step".

 The implementation of the inventive bioheating collar allows you to abandon the construction of volumetric expensive hibernation plants of vermiculture, as well as to maintain and ensure the reproduction of earthworms necessary for the settlement of 4-5 vermi-rows of summer field cultivation. Thus, the invention may find industrial application.

 Figure 1 shows the elements of the proposed method for field vermicultivation of bio-heating collars; figure 2 peat bog tape; figure 3 vermigrada summer vermicultivation.

Directly on the part of the fertilized field (Fig. 1), in the autumn, a mobile vermiculture vermi-cultivation vermigrada 1, containing mainly “dung” worms, is laid using, for example, a distributor of a mobile mixer РСП 10. On one side of the ridge 1, a perforated aerator 2 pipe is laid. Using the aerator 2 pipe, the flow of the microbiological (mesophilic) mode in the bioheating collar 3 is controlled, and the central part of the bioheating collar 3 is provided with air, which contributes to the settlement of the central part and the creation of vermiburt. Over the ridge 1 from the side of the pipe 2 form a collar of bioheating 3, from a pre-prepared organic substrate. At the beginning of winter, with the onset of the frosty season, the collar is insulated, for example, with a layer of straw 15-20 cm thick. Bioheating of the vermigrades is ensured by changing the psychrophilic and mesophilic microbiological regimes of decomposition of the organic substances of the collar with periodic control of air supply, for example, from the compressor and maintaining the temperature vermigryade at 20 ± 5 ^o C. On the other part of the field (2) in the winter, when the occurrence of cold-resistant layers deposited tape, such as torfonavoznye width of 2 m, height 0.35 m. Figure 2 shows a layer Nav 5 and 6. peat 2 and claim 7 depicts a snow shaft formed with a bulldozer in the presence of high snow, and by claim 8 portion formed frost.

 It has been experimentally established that with the size of the tape more than 2 m wide and> 0.35 m high, the effect of the "glacier" is observed, i.e. the tape does not thaw for a long time in the spring. Table 1 shows the freezing time of the tapes.

 As the results of table. 1, in early spring, during snowmelt, heaps and ribbons with a width of more than 2 and a height of more than 0.35 m are frozen and cannot mix during this period, which is optimal for the settlement of earthworms.

 In spring, during snow melt (mid-April), frozen components 5 and 6 of the tape are mixed, for example, with an auger mounted mixer, and the mixture is shoved with an oblique bulldozer shovel from the site of frozen ground 8 under the tape to a site of heated (thawed) soil. Permafrost 8 allows you to drive through heavy equipment, without forming a rut and injuring the soil, performs anti-erosion functions. Moving the mixture from permafrost 8 to the heated area, a vermicomprise 9 of conical section is formed from it, and then (without waiting for the permafrost 8 to melt), from the permafrost 8, on this ridge 9, which has retained the maximum amount of nutrients, lay vermicompost 10 from winter vermiburt 3 (collar bioheating), containing the uterine culture of "earthworms", while forming an M-shaped depression in the formed ridge, necessary to retain moisture. This vermigrader is thus prepared for summer field vermicultivation.

 It should be noted that the ridge of summer vermicultivation is populated with a uterine culture containing different types of "dung" and "soil" worms. Dung worms, for example, California red hybrid, Chui dung worm, the local Siberian form of the tiger dung worm, etc. are humus-forming, i.e. process the totality of organo-containing waste (mulch, residual roots) into vermicompost. Soil worms (crawling out, etc.) process hard-to-reach compounds of humus and nutrients in the soil and cultivate it.

 In the fall, mainly "dung" worms are lured out, as by this period they reach puberty, and the rest of the vermicompost with young and cocoons of "soil" earthworms are scattered on the surface of the field containing mulch. Spreading the “living” vermicompost allows not only fertilizing the soil of the field, but also improving it by activating the soil biota. Mulch on a fertilized field is necessary to ensure the life of earthworms, creating optimal moisture content in the range of 22-75% and is also a breeding ground for “dung” worms left on the field.

 Using the proposed method allows you to unlimitedly increase the production of vermicompost while cultivating (improving) the soil due to the continuous year-round field process of vermiculture using different types of earthworms ("manure" and "soil"), ensuring complete waste-free and high environmental friendliness when restoring landscapes and creating microagrolandscapes.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of field vermicultivation, including the preparation of industrial waste and organic waste by composting, settling the substrate with worms, cultivating them, coating the substrate with a straw layer, characterized in that a vermigrada is laid on one part of the field for winter vermiculture next to the perforated aerator pipe, and before being settled by vermiculture, the substrate from organic waste is mixed with industrial waste, which contains cellulose-containing and mineral additives, then from the side the pipes above the ridge form a bioheating collar from the substrate, while on the other side of the field, upon the occurrence of stable cold weather, peat bog bands are formed in layers no more than 2 m wide and no more than 0.35 m high, then in the spring, during the snow melt, frozen components of the tape are mixed, after which the mixture is shifted from frozen to warmed soil, forming a conical ridge of summer vermicultivation, then from the frozen side vermicompost from the winter vermicompost is laid on this ridge, forming a depression in the formed ridge.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ridge of summer vermicultivation is populated with a uterine culture containing groups of dung and soil worms, in autumn, mainly dung worms are lured from the ridge, and the remaining vermicompost with young and cocoons of soil worms is scattered over the surface of the field containing mulch.

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