CN1318284A - Desert and dryland plant growing method for use in desert or/and dry soil - Google Patents
Desert and dryland plant growing method for use in desert or/and dry soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN1318284A CN1318284A CN 01129347 CN01129347A CN1318284A CN 1318284 A CN1318284 A CN 1318284A CN 01129347 CN01129347 CN 01129347 CN 01129347 A CN01129347 A CN 01129347A CN 1318284 A CN1318284 A CN 1318284A
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Abstract
The plant-growing method includes the following steps: one kind of ropy plant nutritive liquid with water, fertilizer and high-hydroscopicity resin as main components is first sprayed to sandy soil or dry land after seeding, and its nutritive liquid permeate to soil for plant to grow, and another kind of emulsion capable of fixing sand and inhibiting water evaporation is then sprayed and can form a layer of organic compound film on the surface of soil. The present invention can maintain water, maintain fertilizer and fix sand simultaneously and can be used in planting plant in desert and other dry area.
Description
The present invention relates in the desert or/and the method for serike on the nonirrigated farmland.Particularly, be a kind of plant root of keeping in the soil enough moisture and fertility are arranged and stop moisture and fertilizer to deep under ground seepage, control soil moisture evaporation and fixing desert, to impel a kind of ecology method of plant growing.
Non-irrigated in the world farmland district all is low producing regions of grain-production, is again simultaneously the key area of improving productive potential.Professor Bo Mo of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FA0) just once pointed out: " during 2000 Christian eras, dry farming will be produced the agricultural product of half, to satisfy the demand of world population to grain." non-irrigated farming is to utilize natural rainfall to be main agricultural, moisture and soil fertility become the barrier factors of agricultural production maximum.International arid research center was " soil moisture and oxygen divided the deciding factor as agricultural productive force " in 1981.In dryland farming, give full play to water and fertile incentive mechanism and synergistic effect, keep the soil enough moisture, improve the availability of water, keep fertility, reduce the fertilizer loss, be that dry crop grows and improves the factor of output.The desert is typical nonirrigated farmland, belongs to the aeolian sandy soil area, is distributed in continental arid and semiarid zone mostly.The thermal conductivity of sandy soil is strong, and heat capacity is little, and this area's day and night temperature luffing is big, and the evaporation of water amount obviously surpasses precipitation, and rainfall is on the low side throughout the year, and arid is windy, the few water of fertilizer deficiency, and surface temperature changes violent, so that plant is sparse short; Particularly dust storm flows, and has limited plant growing to a great extent.Because its particle of sandy soil is many, intergranular pore is big, and the soil is porous, and rainwater easily evaporates or slips into the desert deep under ground, a little less than the water holding capacity; The mineral matter oxygen of the grains of sand own divides poorness etc., and therefore, the desert often has lack of water, oxygen divides the characteristics a little less than deficiency, oxygen branch discharge soon, protect fertile water retention capacity.Water in the soil, fertilizer are indispensable two key factors of growth and development of plants.Particularly educate on arid area and desert in the grass seeds tree, solving moisture is principal contradiction, but does not also ignore the fertility factor.Practice is non-irrigated to be the important channel that makes full use of soil moisture with proof to crop fertilization, only gives full play to water and fertile incentive mechanism and synergistic effect, could solve plantation greenweed and the problem of planting plant on desert or the nonirrigated farmland effectively." crucial at water, outlet with fertile water transfer, improves the utilization ratio of natural rainfall at fertilizer " is that the decision nonirrigated farmland is or/and the fundamental way of desert crop growth and raising output.
For many years, human adopt on the desert, to plant windbreak forests always administer flowing of sand and dust storm and sand dune for major measure, be subjected to the limitation of various reasons, particularly the shortage of sand control needed raw material costs an arm and a leg, the construction trouble, cost is too high, people can't large-arealy apply, and move in the same old way on the sand dune, and ecotope just is being subjected to serious threat and influence.Science is verified, people are blue and green greenweed on the kind of big ground, the boundless desert of vastness science only, make whole desert become sheet sheet oasis, remove to greatly develop livestock breeding industry with fertile green grass that grows on the desert and formed vast prairie, root with sheet sheet greenweed removes fixed dune, so just can prevent the migration of sandy soil, prevent the generation of sandstorm.Have only the desert with yellow to become blue and green oasis, could improve air quality, improve the desert ecological environment, sand control just can obtain good effect.In CN93116825, adopt the method for artificial soil structure, sand or like solid is stirred through artificial mechanism with the water-repelling agent of organic silicone or fluorine earlier, pass through 150 ℃ of complicated high temperature treatment again after, just can make the solid granular water-repelling agent.Construction is trouble also, put it into the depths, desert with manually digging pit, and also will cover another layer sandy soil more above, goes to stop moisture in the topsoil to underground leakage with the particles hydrophobic agent imbedded.Yet it does not consider that water is heated the back to evaporative air.In the reality, this is fit to one and cheats ground, plants trees in a ground, to carrying out large-area plantation greenweed on the vast as the open sea nefud, be can't execute at all real.And the organic silicone waterproof material of selecting for use costs an arm and a leg, and fluorine material is poisonous.Particularly, the effect that the method can not produce in the high temperature planting-season of desert area because employed water-repelling agent is a solid particle, has bigger space between the particle, and gas permeability is strong, can not control the gas phase hydrone to aerial evaporation.The desert region usually is violent hot weather, and underground water constantly causes lack of water with the form of the gaseous state evaporative air that makes progress, this be desert dehydration arid mainly by way of and reason.And this method is the waterproof test experiment of doing under 35 ℃ laboratory condition, and this violent temperature usually occurs with desert surface compares up to 60 ℃ of weathers more than-70 ℃, and test condition and reality are not inconsistent fully.Especially, the temperature of upper soll layer is high more, and hydrone volatilization power is big more, and the material of solid granular stops the incessantly evaporation of gas molecule in space at all, and the graininess water-repelling agent can not water conservation.Thereby this method does not have practicality.And constructional difficulties, heaviness, and take a lot of work, time-consuming, need with a large amount of manually, the cost height at all can't large-area applications.In Japanese kokai publication hei 1-319585, in order to control soil moisture, adopt this rare expensive industrial chemicals of polymerization hydrogen siloxane to remove to handle soil surface, its situation and CN93116825 are similar.In CN90108191, growth liquor for desert fixation is fixed on the surface of sandy soil, and has formed hard shell, and in the big ground of high-temperature desert of lack of water, the fertilizer of sneaking in advance in the surperficial hard shell can't be entered into plant roots by water-soluble separating at all; Particularly the rapid evaporation of sandy soil surface moisture causes the arid of sandy soil, the root system of plant because of lack of water by withered, plant can not grow.Nutrition must be dissolved in an amount of water and form solution, could be absorbed by the root leaf of plant.Water is the prerequisite of plant growing.Though desert surface is cured, owing to there is not the retaining measure, the fertilizer behind the low water can't form solution, can not be by plant absorbing, and under the situation of lack of water fertilizer deficiency, plant can not grow.
Purpose of the present invention will overcome above-mentioned shortcoming exactly, be provided at the desert or/nonirrigated farmland on the method for serike so that comprehensively controlling of ecology carried out in the desert buries.In order to eliminate " white pollution ", turn waste into wealth, reduce cost, make full use of the waste material in life and the agricultural, improve existent environment of people, adopt and go to implement the present invention as the method for primary raw material with waste plastics.The spray method of liquid solution is all adopted in enforcement of the present invention, and is easy and simple to handle, is fit to airplane spray, makes that large-area plantation greenweed becomes possibility on the desert.The present invention divided for two steps carried out:
The first step is sowed plant seed in the desert or/and on the soil in nonirrigated farmland with conventional method, then, and again to the plant growing nutritive solution that sprays a kind of porous depths in the upper soll layer on the soil.This nutritive solution is by water, fertilizer, plant growth promoter, the thick aqueous mixture that insecticide and super absorbent resin are formed, and retaining power is strong.It can the plant seed in the soil or root system soaks into and parcel, and can make plant seed or root system form the thick nutrient liquid layer of water-based of water yield abundance on every side for a long time.Easy adsorption moisture of this liquid level and reservation moisture, make it when drying, have strong moisture capacity, strong water imbibition is arranged again after drying, the root system of plant is in the soil environment of this liquid manure abundance for a long time, plant can access healthy growth and growth.
Second step, in order to prevent the water evaporates in the soil, sowing and spraying on the later soil of plant growing nutritive solution, cover again and spray the another kind of emulsion that fixes the sand and control water evaporates that has, after the solvent evaporates in the emulsion, then form one deck solid composite membrane at upper soll layer.This emulsion is to be main component by the hydrocarbon solid that obtains after polyolefin or the waste plastics thermal cracking, and auxilliary be furnished with the machine solvent, and surfactant and water are made.This film belongs to organic hybrid films, and its molecular weight is far smaller than the molecular weight of polyethylene agricultural plastic film 10000-50000 between 300-2000, so the mechanical strength of this film less than the intensity of polyethylene agricultural plastic film, is fit to the growth of breaking ground of kind of bud; This film is water insoluble, and it is strong to refuse outlet capacity, can be effectively fixedly the grains of sand move and stop the evaporation of hydrone with the wind.The fine maintenance soil temperature of soil energy behind the coverlay promotes plant seed germination and growth.
In the time of under given conditions, people can be as required, needn't implement the first step and directly carry out for second step, promptly do not need to spray the plant growing nutritive solution to soil, but directly spray to fix the sand or what control soil water evaporation is the emulsion of purpose for soil, allow it generate the needed film that fixes the sand or suppress water evaporates.Described specified conditions refer generally to: when plantation did not need water conservation when the liquid manure in the soil divided than abundance or rainy season, in the time of only need fixing the sand or only need suppress water evaporates in the soil time.
In the time of under given conditions, people can be as required, only need to implement the first step and need not carry out for second step, only need to spray the growing nutrient solution that plant have the solid water water retaining function, and do not spray to fix the sand or what control soil water evaporation is the emulsion of purpose to soil to soil.Described specified conditions refer generally to: the cultivation of the dry crop of some nonirrigated farmland or semiarid zone, as cotton, wheat, jowar, corn, soybean, millet, tomato, potato, soya bean and transplanting tree, sapling clock plant, floriculture ...
The non-irrigated mount of indication of the present invention is drawn together: the general name of the tellurian all kinds of soil such as sandy soil, clay, loam and other class soil when moisture lacks.
The advantage that the present invention has water conservation, protects fertilizer and fixed dune., turn waste into wealth as primary raw material with waste plastics this human big " public hazards ", raw material sources are extensive, and are cheap, considered the comprehensive regulation of ecotope; Considered soil Zhong Shui and fertile incentive mechanism and synergistic effect, the availability height of liquid manure, and production cost is low, it is simple and convenient to construct, in arid or/and on the desert large-area plantation sheet sheet greenweed and the windproof woods become a reality.
The present invention be following be to realize:
Method of the present invention comprises
The first step: plant seed is broadcasted sowing in the desert or/and on the soil in nonirrigated farmland with artificial or mechanical method, or with the Miaos worker's plantation of plant in soil.Then, to spraying a kind of porous in the upper soll layer depths 0.1-50 centimetre on the soil, viscosity is at the low viscosity plant growth nutrient fluid body of 3-800mPas (20 ℃), with the plant seed in the soil or root system soaks into and parcel.This nutritive solution is made up of main matter such as water, fertilizer, plant growth promoter, insecticide and super absorbent resins, is a kind of thick waterborne liquid mixture.It can form water yield prescribing adequate nutrition liquid level on every side at seed or the root system of plant.This nutrient liquid layer can provide enough moisture and fertilizer to root system of plant, guarantees plant germination, growth, and long good water-holding capacity is arranged.The root system of plant can be in the soil environment of this liquid manure abundance for a long time, and plant can access healthy growth and growth.Because the flowability of thick liquid is poor, flowability less than water, each component has been crosslinked together, it can not penetrate sand bed toward underground ad infinitum seepage, can the long period remain in the soil on top layer and not to underground infiltration, the availability of liquid manure improves greatly, to reach moisture and the liquid nutritional composition of supplying with plant seed and root system abundance; Described super absorbent resin is a kind of water-soluble high-molecular compound, is a kind of hydrophilic high molecular material, can dissolving in water or swelling and form solution or dispersion liquid.Its hydrophily comes from contained hydrophilic radical.Modal hydrophilic radical is carboxyl, hydroxyl, amide groups, amido and ether etc.These groups are possess hydrophilic property not only, and has the performance of many preciousnesses, as cohesive, and film forming, thickening property etc.In the countless versions water-soluble high-molecular compound, optimization polypropylene acid amides (PAM) is used for the present invention.Water is the best solvent of polyacrylamide (PAM).In the normally used plant growth nutrient fluid body, the content of polyacrylamide (PAM) in the aqueous solution is 0.1-5.0% (W%).Contain amide groups and ionic group on polyacrylamide (PAM) strand, so it is its distinguishing feature is the hydrophily height, more much higher than the hydrophily of other most of water soluble polymers.Its easy adsorption moisture and reservation moisture make it have strong moisture capacity when drying, and strong water imbibition is arranged again after drying.The vitrification point of PAM is 165 ℃, and heat is about 290 ℃ of weightless temperature just, in general arid or/and the desert region, also super only 80 ℃ of the temperature of ground surface, thereby polyacrylamide (PAM) can be stable is kept in the soil and is difficult to decompose, and demonstrates this advantage of distinctive moisture capacity.In order to prevent that the PAM viscosity in aqueous solution from reducing and the chain rupture of inhibition oxygen, can add N-N-dimethyl dithiocarbamic acid, 2-sulfenyl benzimidazole and the phenol coupling of a certain amount of stable quantity.Polyacrylamide (PAM) aqueous solution has good intermiscibility to electrolyte, also can dissolve each other to multiple fertilizer such as nitrogenous fertilizer, Boratex, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride and surfactant.Nonionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is subjected to the influence of pH value also little.So, can optionally in the PAM aqueous solution, add an amount of surfactant, plant growth regulator, insecticide and water soluble fertilizer, and after mixing, finally obtain thick plant growth nutrient fluid of the present invention.This nutrient solution is sprayed at above the soil, to supply with root system of plant enough moisture and nutrition.
Second goes on foot, and is sowing and is spraying on the later soil of plant growing nutritive solution, covers and spray another kind to have the emulsion that fixes the sand and control water evaporates.After the solvent evaporates in the emulsion, then form the solid composite membrane of one deck 1-5mm at upper soll layer.This film belongs to organic film, and is water insoluble, and waterproof ability is strong, and good mechanical strength is arranged, not cracky and crack, can be effectively fixedly the grains of sand move with the wind and stop water evaporates.This preparation method of emulsion is: will obtain a kind of carbon atom between 21 to 100 after waste plastics (PE, PP, PS or the like) thermal cracking, fusing point is main at 40-105 ℃ of solid hydrocarbon mixture that is constituted, auxilliary be furnished with the machine solvent (as gasoline, diesel oil ...) and water, an amount of surfactant (trade name: emulsifier op-4, alkyl phenyl polyoxy ethyl ether, molecular formula C
14-15H
22-24O (C
2H
4O)
4... or the like) after the mixing and stirring, just make described emulsion.After emulsion was sprayed on the soil, its residue was exactly described waterproof organic solid film after solvent constantly volatilized.It is carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) that this film mainly contains effective constituent, and oxygen (O) three elements constitutes, and this film can be controlled the water evaporates in the soil.The fine maintenance soil temperature of soil energy behind the coverlay promotes plant germination and growth.Under heat, sunlight, air, water and action of microorganisms, the organic waterproof film can growth growth and well developed root system with plant after, degrade voluntarily or resolve into humic acid organic fertilizer, augment organic manure for sandy soil and non-irrigated soil, allow it change into root system of plant desired nutritional composition, can not cause secondary pollution to soil.This humic acid organic fertilizer can obviously improve the soil physics structure, strengthens the reunion of soil particle, forms multistage granular structure body, and the hole situation improves, and the bulk density of soil descends, and tilth improves, and water conservation, guarantor's fertilizer and resiliency all are improved.It is strong that this film is refused waterpower, can effectively stop moisture in the soil to evaporative air, can keep and guarantee required enough moisture of root system of plant and the oxygen branch in the soil.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and experiment, state the present invention is auspicious, but the experiment of doing is not limited:
The first step: the vernalization before earlier the Miaos worker's plantation of plant being done to sow in soil or with the seed of plant is handled in earlier stage or is not handled.If handle, adopt usually the commodity plant growth promoter (as trade name, heteroauxin, IAA ... or the like) soup that is made into carries out that seed soaks or seed dressing, urges seed germination.With artificial or mechanical method plant seed is broadcasted sowing in the desert equably or/and on the soil in nonirrigated farmland.Then, plant growth nutrient fluid of the present invention is sprayed at above after planting the soil equably with artificial or mechanical method, allow this plant growth nutrient fluid slowly be penetrated in the interior 0.1-80 cm range of soil, and the plant seed in the soil or root system soaked into or parcel, it is fertile and guarantee the ecotope of plant growing to have formed a kind of long-time stable water conservation, suction, guarantor.This plant growth nutrient fluid is made up of main matter such as water, fertilizer, plant growth promoter, insecticide and super absorbent resins.Described super absorbent resin is a kind of hydrophilic water-soluble high-molecular material, can be divided into natural family macromolecule (starch based, seaweeds, natural plant gum class, animal glue class, microbiological gum class etc.), semi-synthetic family macromolecule (modified cellulose class, modified starch series) and synthetic family macromolecule (polymer resin, condensation resinoid) etc.In the optional above-mentioned many water-absorbing resins of the present invention, optimization polypropylene acid amides (PAM) applies to the present invention.
The contrast experiment of leaking with water-conservation seepage-resistance further specifies the present invention:
Fig. 2 is contrast experiment's installation drawing that the water-conservation seepage-resistance of water and thick plant growth nutrient fluid leaks.In this figure, A is respectively two glass boxs that specification is identical with B, the 1st, and sand, the 2nd, thick plant growth nutrient fluid, the 3rd, fertilizer solution, the 4th, ground.
Fig. 3 is that water and thick plant growth nutrient fluid are to the time of sandy soil infiltration and the graph of relation of the degree of depth.In this figure, ordinate (cm) express liquid is penetrated into sand bed the surface following degree of depth or distance, abscissa (hour) express liquid is to sand depths infiltration institute elapsed time.The B line is represented thick plant growth nutrient fluid in the sandy soil infiltration, the degree of depth of infiltration and the graph of relation of required time; The A line is represented aqueous solution of urea in the sandy soil infiltration, and the degree of depth of infiltration combines Fig. 2 with the graph of relation of required time, carries out following experiment:
1. make two measure-alike rectangle clear glass casees of A and B earlier.The specification of glass box is: high 1.5m, wide 0.1m, long 0.1m, wall thickness 2.5mm.The bottom of case and all make water-proofing treatment all around with glass cement.The bottom of case is vertically stood on the ground (4), and the top of case is opened wide vertically upward.With weight is 14kg, and unit weight is 1.47g/cm
3Anhydrous sand (1), be respectively charged into from the top of case in the glass box of A and B from bottom 1m.A and B case are standby.
2. prepare thick plant growth nutrient fluid (2): 40 ℃ 500g water is packed in the glass cylinder of 1000ml specification, again 1g urea is dissolved in the water; 2.5g white powdered polypropylene acid amides (PAM) is added in the graduated cylinder, and stirring is dissolved in 40 ℃ of water it, and preparation is into about the thick liquid (2) that PAM is 0.5% (W%) that contains of 500ml in the time of 40 ℃, and the liquid viscosity in the time of these 40 ℃ is 31mPa-s..
3. the water of 1g urea and 40 ℃ is packed in the glass cylinder of another 500ml to the 500ml scale and mix and be dissolved into solution (3), and slowly carefully in go into 1. in the standby B case; Meanwhile, in slowly pouring into the thick plant growth nutrient fluid (2) of 500ml of preparation in 2. 1. carefully in the standby A case.Observe the phenomenon in A and the B clear glass case:
The situation of A case: during beginning, on A case sandy soil face, demonstrate the high liquid level of 5cm.After 15 minutes, the liquid level on the sandy soil face is reduced to 4.51cm; After 30 minutes, liquid level is reduced to 4.25cm; After 50 minutes, liquid level is reduced to 3.57cm; After 23 hours, liquid level is reduced to 0.00cm; Particularly, the forward position of liquid (2) only is penetrated into the place from sandy soil surface 8.5cm.Observed between 1-30 days, do not find liquid again toward the further seepage in sand bed depths, liquid level continues to maintain the local constant of 8.5cm.
The situation of B case: during beginning, on the sandy soil face of B case, demonstrate the high liquid level of 5cm.After 15 minutes, the liquid level on the sandy soil face is reduced to 2.3cm, and liquid ceaselessly permeates to sand bed (1) depths; After 30 minutes, the height of liquid (3) is reduced to 0.4cm, and after 50 minutes, liquid level is reduced to 0.0cm, and especially, the forward position of liquid has been penetrated into the place from 43.5cm depths, sandy soil surface at this moment.
Experimental result shows: the speed of seepage is slow downwards in soil for thick plant growth nutrient fluid, and can only be penetrated in upper soll layer 1-9.5cm scope; And the aqueous solution that has dissolved urea can be apace depths rapid osmotic below the 43.5cm of sandy soil surface, till the aqueous solution is absorbed dispersion uniformly by sandy soil.According to various places crop fertilization experience, fertilization depth is generally 9-11cm and is advisable, and the most shallowly should not be less than 6cm, can not surpass 20cm the deeplyest.So, be penetrated in the upper soll layer 1-9.5cm scope water and fertile can good being absorbed by root system of plant, and be penetrated into the water of depths beyond the soil surface 20cm and fertile very difficult by plant absorbing, water and fertilizer utilization is low, has almost wasted in vain.
Second goes on foot, and is sowing and is spraying on the later soil of plant growing nutritive solution, sprays and cover one deck to have the emulsion that fixes the sand and control water evaporates.Emulsion is to be main component by the hydrocarbon solid that obtains after the waste plastics thermal cracking, and auxilliary be furnished with the machine solvent, and surfactant and water are made.After the solvent evaporates in the emulsion, staying on the upper soll layer is the thick solid composite membrane of one deck 0.1-5mm.This film belongs to organic film, and is water insoluble, and good mechanical strength is arranged, can be effectively fixedly the grains of sand move with the wind and stop water evaporates.
Fig. 1 is the installation drawing that waste plastics is produced solid-state hydrocarbon mixture and organic solvent, below in conjunction with Fig. 1, described preparation method of emulsion is described:
1. agricultural mulching (polythene PE) or polyolefin plastics (1) after 1000Kg being cleaned inject the withstand voltage heat scission reaction still (3) of sealing with spiral extruding machine (2), electricity consumption, fuel oil, thermal source such as natural gas or coal (14) is given reactor (3) heating, at temperature in the kettle is 320-420 ℃, pressure is normal pressure or when being higher than normal pressure, waste plastics melting in the still becomes liquid, and the effect of being heated, C-C key in the plastics macromolecule of melting or C=C bond fission, high molecular polyolefin plastics molecule is decomposed, and having become with carbon number is the big molecule gas phase hydrocarbon mixture (6) of Main Ingredients and Appearance between 21-100.With fractionating column (5) fractionation, the liquid heavy distillat more than 280 ℃ is told from fractionating column bottom, extract out with high-temperature pump (7), it is standby to flow to hydrocarbon mixture feeder (11) after condenser (9) condensation at last.With the light ends fractionation below 280 ℃ from the top of fractionating column or part go out, after condenser (8) is condensed into liquid, flow in the solvent catch tank (10) standby at last.Obtaining carbon number at last is C
21-C
100Scope, fusing point is collected C at solid-state hydrocarbon mixture (6) 652Kg of 40-105 ℃ of scope
5-C
20Organic solvent (16) or liquid hydrocarbon ils 106Kg, and the imflammable gas (H of 160Kg
2, C
1-C
4) and the solid residue (10) of 82Kg.Imflammable gas (12) and solid residue (15) can be used as thermal source, turn back to act as a fuel in the heating furnace (4) (14) and burn.Below be the Principles of Chemical Engineering that waste plastics is produced solid hydrocarbon mixture and organic solvent:
In the above-mentioned product that obtains, fusing point is at the solid-state hydrocarbon mixture of 40-105 ℃ of scope, and carbon atom quantity is at C
5-C
20The liquid hydrocarbon ils as organic solvent, all be used for the present invention.
2. organic solvent: can be gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil, alkyl halide hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, straight chain side chain and cycloalkane, turpentine oil, oil of bananas ... be used for the present invention Deng multiple organic liquid commonly used or their mixture.Resulting carbon number is at C in also can selecting for use 1.
5-C
20The liquid hydrocarbon ils go to implement the present invention as organic solvent.Make raw material with waste plastics, raw material is simple, gathers materials on the spot, and cost is low, has eliminated waste plastics to " white pollution " that farm environment causes, has produced new environmental benefit.
3. surfactant: refer to that the material that can significantly reduce solvent surface tension and liquid-liquid interface tension force is called surfactant.That surfactant has is hydrophilic, the character of oleophylic, can play emulsification, dispersion, solubilising, moistening, preserve moisture, sterilization, froth breaking, refuse a series of effects such as water.Itself just is beneficial to and improves the soil.Can select zwitterion in constant demand on the market or non-ionic surface active agent for use, as paregal O series, OP series, farm chemical emulgent, petroleum emulsifying agent, take charge of this series, tween series, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether E-(1-10) series, emulsifier TX series, emulsifier EL series, soap series and all can be used for the present invention.
In following experimental technique, use emulsifier op-4, molecular formula C
14-15H
22-24O (C
2H
4O)
4Or be called alkyl phenyl polyoxy ethyl ether and be used for the present invention as surfactant, but other class commodity list surface-active agent is not limited.
4. by weight percentage the solid hydrocarbon mixture of the 60%-80% during 1. (W%), elder generation incite somebody to action is put into reactor, under condition of normal pressure, the solid hydrocarbon mixture is heated to 80-110 ℃, makes it be fused into liquid.Again under stirring state, the organic solvent of 25%-8% in is 2. joined in the reactor, and stir; Surfactant and an amount of water of 10%-3% in inciting somebody to action 3. then are added in the reactor at the same time or separately, are stirred to each component to mix, and obtain the emulsion of indication of the present invention at last.
For fusing point and the ductility that improves above-mentioned organic solid composite membrane, so that be applied to the high-temperature desert zone of special sweltering heat, prevent that solid film from melting under the megathermal climate of desert, safeguard the water resistance of film, can be in the reactor of above-mentioned 80-110 ℃ of hydrocarbon mixture that is fused into liquid, the molecular weight that adds 0.1%-10% (W%) is at the fusing point that the polyethylene or the polystyrene of the low-pressure high-density below 12000 removes to regulate and improve film, is allowed to condition in the reactor to mix, melt, dissolve each other and disperse.Then, again organic solvent, surfactant and an amount of water are added in the reactor by above-mentioned method of the same race, are stirred to each component and mix, obtain the applicable another kind of emulsion that can produce the high-melting-point film of the present invention at last.In the formed emulsion of this prescription, the interaction force between its molecule is that Van der Waals force increases, and has changed the physical property of film, causes the fusing point of film to improve.Experimental result proves that polyethylene or the polystyrene content in emulsion is higher, and then the fusing point of formed film is also high thereupon.This film strength is fit to breaking ground of kind of bud and grows.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and experiment, the water resistance of composite membrane of the present invention is described:
Fig. 6 is the Experimental equipment that composite membrane is restrained water evaporates.In this figure, A and B represent the glass beaker of two 1000ml specifications respectively, the 1st, and sand, the 2nd, water, the 3rd, the formed composite membrane of emulsion or emulsion;
Fig. 4 is a composite membrane in restraining water evaporates, the graph of relation of time and water evaporation quantity.In this figure, ordinate is represented evaporation of water loss amount (gram) in the beaker, abscissa represent water when evaporating required time (hour).
Experimental procedure is as follows:
1. as shown in Figure 6, get specification and be two of glass beaker A, the B of 1000ml, adding unit weight respectively is 1.47g/cm
31000 the gram anhydrous sands (1) in beaker.Then, give the water (2) that add equivalent 100ml or 100 grams in A and the B beaker simultaneously, allow the slowly direction infiltration of sand bed depths, the diffusion at the bottom of cup of water, till the water on Shamian Island all soaks in the sand.
2. under normal pressure and room temperature condition, the above-mentioned emulsion of preparing (3) evenly is sprayed on the sand bed surface in the A beaker with sprayer, reach 5mm thick till, after shelving 3 hours, solvent in the emulsion vapors away voluntarily, the sand surface has formed the thick solid waterproof organic hybrid films (3) of one deck 4mm, and this film is fixed on the sand surface firmly.
3. in will be 1. the B beaker of sand (1) and water (2) be housed and in 2., have sprayed the A beaker of emulsion, be shelved on simultaneously in the exhausting formula constant temperature electric heating drying box, temperature in the drying box is controlled in 65 ℃ ± 2 ℃ scopes all the time, allows the interior water of two beakers of A and B slowly evaporate away in drying box.Measure A and the variation of B two beaker weight and the reduction of water with meter (or platform balance), and perform data record.After observation in 30 days, draw following data and curve map 4).
Following table is the evaporation discharge (65 ℃ ± 2 ℃) of water in each time in A and two beakers of B
Can find out from last table data: in 30 hours, 100 gram water in the B beaker have evaporated 93.2 grams, and the water evaporates percent of loss is 93.2%; And 100 gram water in the A beaker behind the topped waterproof membrane only evaporate 4.7 gram water, and the water evaporates percent of loss is 4.7%.After 500 hours (or 20.8 days), 100 gram water in the A beaker have evaporated 65.1 grams.So organic hybrid films of the present invention has strong inhibition water evaporates ability.
4. sprayed the A beaker of emulsion in will be 2., put into sub-zero freezer, kept-45 ℃ ± 5 temperature and reach 10 days.Observe and find, the film in the A beaker is appointed right excellent, seamless intact at low temperatures.Then, do above-mentioned experiment, obtained the waterproof test result of same data by same quadrat method 3..
Experimental result shows that composite membrane of the present invention equally also has the performance of significant inhibition water evaporates when-45 ℃ of low temperature.
Embodiment one
Fig. 5 is the installation drawing of this experiment; In this figure, A represents two glass boxs that specification is identical, the 1st, prairie milk vetch plant seed respectively with B, the 2nd, sand, the 3rd, thick plant growth nutrient fluid, the 4th, contain the aqueous solution of urea 0.3% (W%), the 5th, the formed composite membrane of emulsion or emulsion, the 6th, the green seedling that newly grows.
The pot experiment method is adopted in this experiment, and the middle hot conditions that simulates the drought desert field experimentizes.Prairie milk vetch is named the upright Radix Astragali, Chinese violet again, perennial leguminous herbaceous plant.It is cold-resistant, drought-enduring, anti-lean, and spring, summer, Qiu Sanji all can sow.Select for use prairie milk vetch plant seed (1) carry out this experiment.Prairie milk vetch seed (1) was done vernalization in 12 hours with 3ppm heteroauxin solution soaking in advance to be handled.Sow the ratio of 15kg seed in per hectare and carry out following pot experiment.Be made into two measure-alike rectangle glass boxs of A and B (long 20cm, wide 20cm, high 37cm) earlier, carry out encapsulation process at the bottom of the case He all around, prevent to leak.Adding unit weight respectively in A and B two casees is 1.47g/cm
3Anhydrous sand (2) to the high 30cm of case place.By the said method that the present invention has illustrated, make that 200ml (or 0.2 liter) contains urea 0.3% (W%) and PAM is the thick plant growth nutrient fluid (3) of 0.2% (W%).This nutrient solution is sprayed at above after planting the A case soil equably with watering pot, and the 200ml aqueous solution (4) that will contain urea 0.3% (W%) simultaneously is sprayed at above after planting the B case soil.Till allowing nutrient solution in the A case and the water in the B case slowly all be penetrated in the sand (2).
On the A case soil after spraying plant growth nutrient fluid (3), spray the anti-water-in-oil emulsion (5) of covering one deck 3mm again.Emulsion can be prepared by the method that the present invention has illustrated, and this prescription of testing used emulsion is: hydrocarbon solid 140 grams by obtaining after the waste plastics thermal cracking, account for 70% (W%), and the fusing point of this hydrocarbon solid is controlled at more than 60 ℃; No. 0 diesel oil is 40 grams, accounts for 20% (W%), as organic solvent; The commodity emulsifier op-4, molecular formula C
14-15H
22-24O (C
2H
4O)
4Be 6 grams, account for 3% (W%), as surfactant; Water is 14 grams, accounts for 7% (W%), as inorganic solvent.
After the solvent evaporates in the emulsion, one deck white solid film (5) has appearred on the A case upper soll layer, and this film is firmly fixing the sand bed surface in the A case.Then, A and B two glass chests are put into 38 ℃ ± 5 greenhouse simultaneously.Finds after 15 days, grown the high little careless seedling (6) of green 3mm in the A case, and the B case does not have long seedling, plant seed (1) because of lack of water by withered.
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 5, press equipment of the same race, operating sequence and the similar experimental condition of embodiment one, carry out this experiment.Just contain the humus soil replacement sand (2) of moisture with the rural area, the cotton rice shoot high with 120mm replaces prairie milk vetch plant seed (1), all the root of seedling planted in the dark topsoil of 40mm, and environmental temperature changes 30 ℃ ± 5 into and is the contrast experiment.Find after 55 days that the soil in the A case is also moistening, the cotton rice shoot is grown up strong and sturdy, and the soil in the B case is dry and cracked, the cotton rice shoot because of lack of water by withered.
Practical work is verified, toughness plant nutrition liquid of the present invention and waterproof composite film in the desert or/and serike on the nonirrigated farmland, and on desert or various nonirrigated farmland water conservation, protect fertile, fix the sand be creationary, be truly feasible.
Claims (10)
- In the desert or/and the method for serike on the nonirrigated farmland, comprise: the first step, sandy soil behind sowing or serike are or/and on the dryland soil, spray the thick plant growth nutrient fluid of a kind of water-based earlier, after treating that nutrient solution permeable is in the soil, the root system of plant is by long-time infiltration of plant growth nutrient fluid and parcel, and the root system of plant is in the growth and the growth that can access in the soil of preserve moisture and fertility; Second step, above the soil after spraying the thick plant growth nutrient fluid of water-based, cover again and spray the another kind of emulsion that has fixing the sand and suppress soil water evaporation, after the solvent evaporates in the emulsion, then form the organic hybrid films that one deck suppresses water evaporates and fixes the sand at upper soll layer;
- 2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the viscosity of the thick plant growth nutrient fluid of described water-based is controlled at 1-800mPas (20 ℃), it is made up of main matter such as water, fertilizer and super absorbent resins;
- 3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described emulsion prepares as follows: earlier the solid hydrocarbon mixture of 60%-80% weight ratio is put into reactor, at normal pressure or be higher than under the condition of normal pressure, the solid hydrocarbon mixture is heated to 80-110 ℃, make it be fused into liquid, organic solvent with the 25%-8% weight ratio joins in the reactor again, and stirs; Surfactant and an amount of water with 10%-3% is added in the reactor then, being stirred to each component mixes and gets final product, if in the molten reactor that hydrocarbon mixture arranged, add again the 0.1%-10% part by weight polystyrene or/and molecular weight at the polyethylene of the low-pressure high-density below 12000, made emulsion can form dystectic organic hybrid films;
- 4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described organic hybrid films is to form after the solvent evaporates in the above-mentioned emulsion;
- 5. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that described super absorbent resin is meant contains hydrophilic radical, as the water-soluble high-molecular compound that carboxyl, hydroxyl, amide groups, amido and ether constituted, in the optional above-mentioned super absorbent resin of the present invention, the optimization polypropylene acid amides;
- 6. according to the method for claim 3, the preparation method who it is characterized in that described hydrocarbon solid is: polyolefin or waste plastics are cleaned the back withstand voltage heat scission reaction still of spiral extruding machine injection sealing, electricity consumption, fuel oil, thermal source such as natural gas or coal heats to reactor, at temperature in the kettle is 320-420 ℃, pressure is normal pressure or when being higher than normal pressure, polyolefin waste plastics melting in the still becomes liquid, and the effect of being heated, C-C key in the macromolecule or C=C bond fission, high molecular polyolefin or waste plastics are decomposed, become with carbon number is the gas phase hydrocarbon mixture of Main Ingredients and Appearance between 21-100, the fractionating column fractionation of gas phase hydrocarbon mixture, with the light ends fractionation below 280 ℃ from the top of fractionating column or part go out, heavy distillat more than 280 ℃ is told from the fractionating column bottom, each cut of collecting all by condensation, after the water-oil separating, obtaining carbon number at last is C 21-C 100Scope, fusing point is at the solid-state hydrocarbon mixture of 40-105 ℃ of scope and collect C 5-C 20The liquid hydrocarbon ils,
- 7. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that described organic solvent can be gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil, alkyl halide hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, straight chain side chain and cycloalkane, turpentine oil, oil of bananas, decahydro how ... etc. organic liquid commonly used or their mixture, in the optional above-mentioned organic solvent of the present invention, the C that collects in the preferred claim 6 5-C 20The liquid hydrocarbon ils;
- 8. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that described surfactant is zwitterion or the non-ionic surface active agent of selling on the market, as paregal O series, OP series, farm chemical emulgent, petroleum emulsifying agent, take charge of this series, tween series, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether E series, emulsifier TX series, emulsifier EL series, soap series etc., preferred emulsifier OP-4, molecular formula C 14-15H 22-24O (C 2H 4O) 4Or be called alkyl phenyl polyoxy ethyl ether and be used for the present invention;
- 9. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described non-irrigated mount draws together: tellurian various types of soil such as soil of sandy soil, clay, loam and other kind that moisture lacks.
- 10. according to the method for claim 1, further comprise: people can implement the first step and second step as required together, also can separately implement or implement respectively;
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| CN 01129347 CN1318284A (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2001-06-13 | Desert and dryland plant growing method for use in desert or/and dry soil |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003103370A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-18 | Yang Shu | A zero-tillage method to greening a desert area and a nutrient substrate layer used in the method |
| CN102226088A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-10-26 | 南京大学 | Polyurethane-based ecological sand-fixing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN102251517A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-11-23 | 南京大学 | Dust prevention and sand fixation method |
| WO2012022046A1 (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | Rhodia (China) Co., Ltd. | Soil additives for prevention of evaporation and methods for use |
| CN102652951A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-09-05 | 北京北林绿源生态技术研究院有限责任公司 | Ecological anti-seepage partition method for surface layer of acid metal mine solid waste stock dump |
| CN104472171A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-01 | 岭南师范学院 | Seedling raising method and device for fine seeds |
| CN106013391A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-10-12 | 河海大学 | Layered composite sinking green space based on artificial composite soil and application of layered composite sinking green space |
| CN110073951A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-02 | 章鑫 | A kind of control of desert system |
| CN111867360A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-10-30 | 住友橡胶工业株式会社 | Layer for inhibiting soil moisture penetration, greening system and method for constructing greening system |
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2001
- 2001-06-13 CN CN 01129347 patent/CN1318284A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003103370A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-18 | Yang Shu | A zero-tillage method to greening a desert area and a nutrient substrate layer used in the method |
| US7347150B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2008-03-25 | Guangdong Golden Sand Eco-Protection, Inc. | Non-plowing method for establishing vegetation and a nutrient matrix thereof |
| WO2012022046A1 (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | Rhodia (China) Co., Ltd. | Soil additives for prevention of evaporation and methods for use |
| CN105567241A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2016-05-11 | 索尔维投资有限公司 | Soil additive for facilitating seed germination and inhibiting evaporation and using method thereof |
| CN102226088A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-10-26 | 南京大学 | Polyurethane-based ecological sand-fixing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN102251517A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-11-23 | 南京大学 | Dust prevention and sand fixation method |
| CN102652951A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-09-05 | 北京北林绿源生态技术研究院有限责任公司 | Ecological anti-seepage partition method for surface layer of acid metal mine solid waste stock dump |
| CN102652951B (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2014-03-19 | 北京北林绿源生态技术研究院有限责任公司 | Ecological anti-seepage partition method for surface layer of acid metal mine solid waste stock dump |
| CN104472171A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-01 | 岭南师范学院 | Seedling raising method and device for fine seeds |
| CN106013391A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-10-12 | 河海大学 | Layered composite sinking green space based on artificial composite soil and application of layered composite sinking green space |
| CN111867360A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-10-30 | 住友橡胶工业株式会社 | Layer for inhibiting soil moisture penetration, greening system and method for constructing greening system |
| CN110073951A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-02 | 章鑫 | A kind of control of desert system |
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