RU2048713C1 - Method for protecting slopes against erosion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves forming a continuous layer of coal ash on slopes along the horizontals of the cultivated layer with simultaneous digging furrows under this layer and filling them with coal ash. Then trenches with a mound are made along the field horizontals at a distance divisible by the working width of agricultural machines, and filled with an organic material. The water- retaining mounds are grassed and later exempted from cultivation. EFFECT: lower erosion of soils and better water supply to agricultural crops achieved by redistributing the surface runoff into the subsoil runoff. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for protecting slopes from erosion.

 A known method of combating soil erosion on slopes by jointly creating water-holding trenches filled with expanded clay and molehills at an angle to them horizontally filled with straw, with simultaneous cutting of cracks that destroy the plow sole (ed. St. CCCP N 1644734, class .A 01 B 13/16).

 The main disadvantages of the method are its low efficiency on complex slopes with different steepness and exposure and the temporality of the action of trenches and crevices due to their destruction by subsequent tillage.

 Closest to the proposed one is a method of protecting slopes from erosion, including making a trench with a shaft, filling it with inorganic water-absorbing material, and laying at different levels diagonally to the main slope of the drainage elements in the form of pipes with holes (ed. St. CCCP N 1653553, cl. A 01 B 13/16, 1992).

 A significant disadvantage of this method is the high cost due to the nature of the materials used (polyethylene pipes). In addition, only selected sections of the soil (at the holes of the pipes), and not the entire soil layer, are concentrated moistened. In winter, trenches filled with inorganic material deeply freeze and, for this reason, do not pass water to the drainage elements in spring.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce soil erosion and improve the moisture supply of crops by redistributing surface runoff to subsoil.

 The goal is achieved by creating drainage elements at a depth of 35-40 cm in the form of a continuous layer of coal ash with a capacity of 4-5 cm in an amount of 150-200 t / ha, at the same time make furrows 10-12 cm below the depth of the arable layer and fill them with coal ash, moreover, the crafts of furrows are carried out horizontally. After that, trenches with water-retaining shafts are cut and filled with water-conducting material of organic origin. Moreover, the depth of the trenches is equal to the depth of the continuous ash layer. Water retention shafts are tinned and subsequently not treated. Moreover, all types of inter-trench space treatments are performed horizontally. Trenches are filled with organic residues, such as straw or brushwood, and periodically replenished. The distance between the trenches is set depending on the steepness of the slope, but always a multiple of the width of the capture of agricultural implements and harvesting equipment.

 The method is illustrated in the drawing. The drawing shows: earthen water-retaining shaft 1, trenches 2, filled with plumbing material, plumbing organic material 3, a continuous layer of ash 4, plumbing grooves 5, filled with ash.

 A method of protecting slopes from erosion is as follows.

 The surface runoff, flowing down the slope, is delayed by the shaft 1 and enters the trench 2 filled with organic material 3. The organic material conducts water to the lower part of the trench, preserving the water-conducting ability in the early spring. Through trenches 2, water enters the ash layer 4, where it is partially absorbed by ash having zeolitic properties, partially enters the furrows 5, also filled with ash. Excess water under the influence of gravitational forces seeps through the bottom of the ash layer and the furrow into the depth of the soil profile. Under the influence of the same gravitational forces, the rest of the water flows inside the soil along a continuous layer of ash down the slope and along the way continues to be absorbed by the ash and soil.

Using the proposed method of protecting slopes from erosion provides the following advantages compared to existing ones:
reduction or complete cessation of erosion washout due to the transfer of surface runoff to the subsoil;
a significant reduction in cost due to the use of a continuous layer of ash instead of polyethylene pipes;
increasing the moisture supply of crops;
improving the environmental situation in industrial and energy zones through the disposal of accumulated volumes of coal ash.

Claims (3)

 1. METHOD FOR PROTECTING SLOPES FROM EROSION, including making a trench with a shaft, filling it with water-absorbing material and creating drainage elements, characterized in that a continuous layer of coal ash is used as drainage elements, which is laid in the subsurface horizon, while the work is done below this layer furrows and also fill them with coal ash, after which, to the depth of a continuous layer of coal ash, horizontals of the terrain are crafted with trenches with a water-holding and shafts and fill them with water-conducting organic material.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the trenches is a multiple of the width of the capture of agricultural machinery.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-retaining shafts are tinned.

Images