RU2255450C2 - Method for cultivation of soil on slopes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanized agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cultivating soil on slope transverse thereto by deep plowing to depth of up to 60 cm and simultaneously forming walls of uncultivated internal soil in alternation with mellowed soil regions. Thickness of internal soil walls should be less than width of mellowing region.

EFFECT: increased efficiency by preventing internal soil water from drainage and surface of slope soil from erosion.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mechanization of agriculture to can be used in the processing of soils on the slopes.

The following methods are known to combat erosion of slope soils. The method of planting slopes with trees and shrubs in the usual way and in specially prepared pits (1). A method in which ditches are made transversely to the slope and planted with a single-row forest belt (2). A method of combating erosion of slope soils, in which special terraces are equipped (3, 4). A variety of dams are produced (5). The method, "including the installation of vertical permeable obstacles made of synthetic material with holes", while this material is "buried in the subsurface horizon, and the holes are made in the aerial part of the obstacles" (7).

The disadvantage of these methods is that, firstly, the soil falls out on the slopes from crop rotation, and secondly, these methods require significant use of human manual labor, a large amount of planting material, the use of heavy special equipment, additional material. The use of synthetic materials, resulting in a deterioration of the environmental situation, the cost of acquiring the material. The installed material in the soil will make it impossible to process it with most agricultural implements, which will lead to the withdrawal of agricultural land data from crop rotation.

The closest technical solution is:

A method of treating slope soils in which “the formation is cut vertically and additionally loosens the formation to form parallel longitudinal strips of finely lumpy soil, longitudinal strips are performed in a rectangular cross-section, and sinusoidal in a horizontal plane” (6).

The disadvantage of this method is that complex soil cutting is performed, in which it is impossible to provide the necessary accuracy of decompression, as stated in the invention, also transverse soil strips with more loosened and less loosened soil do not sufficiently prevent water runoff.

The aim of the new invention is to delay the flow of subsoil water and to prevent surface erosion of slope soils.

This goal is achieved by the fact that on the slope soils chisel-type deep rippers are arranged across the slope by the intrasoil walls 3 (Fig. 2). This makes it possible to prevent intra-soil runoff and surface erosion of slopes, improves the fertility of farmland, returns heavily eroded areas to circulation, and eliminates the swampiness of land at the foot of slopes.

Figure 1 shows the cross section of a slope with conventional tillage.

Figure 2 presents the cross section of the slope with the proposed tillage.

Soil treatment on the slopes of the proposed method is as follows: on the eroded area, where the usual tillage 1 was used (Fig. 1), deep loosening of the soil is performed without turning the bed across the slope (Fig. 2). Simultaneously with loosening, subsurface walls 4 are arranged in the form of untreated and re-compacted soil (row spacing) 2, alternating with the loosened soil region 3. This method must be carried out at least 1 time in 2-3 years.

Intrasoil walls are cut by chisel type deep-rippers to a depth of 60 cm across the slope, the thickness of the intrasoil wall should be several times smaller than the loosening area. The density of the subsurface wall is ensured by overconsolidation of the subsurface layer. When constructing subsoil walls, it is necessary to position the racks of the subsoiler so that the loosening areas of the working bodies do not overlap and provide sufficient soil thickness for the formation of the subsoil wall

The technical and economic efficiency of this method compared to the modern technical solution consists in the fact that when the transverse intra-soil walls are installed, an obstacle to the intra-soil runoff and surface erosion of the slopes appears, the fertility of farmland improves, the application of this method makes it possible to cultivate the soil without interrupting the process of growing crops , strongly eroded plots of land return to circulation.

Thus, the arrangement of transverse intrasoil walls is a significant difference from prototypes and meets the criterion of novelty.

List of sources used

1. A.S. SU No. 1584767 A 1, A 01 B 13/16.

2. A.S. SU No. 1575956 A 1, A 01 B 13/16.

3. A.S. SU No. 1575955 A 1, A 01 B 13/16.

4. A.S. SU No. 1591821 A 1, A 01 B 13/16.

5. A.S. SU No. 1575959 A 1, A 01 B 13/16.

6. A.S. SU No. 1591822 A 1, A 01 B 13/16.

7. A.S. SU No. 1690557 A 1, A 01 B 13/16.

8. I.G. Zykov, V.M. Ivonin, V.K. Dukhnov. “Protecting slopes from erosion.” M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1985.

Claims (1)

A method of processing sloping lands, including tillage across the slope, characterized in that the treatment is carried out by deep cultivation to a depth of 60 cm with the simultaneous formation of subsurface walls from untreated soil, alternating with loosened areas of the soil, while the thickness of the subsurface wall should be less than the width of the loosening area .

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