SU1720515A1 - Method for gully levelling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the development of contaminated lands. The aim of the invention is to prevent environmental damage by slowing down the tilling process. Behind the ravine ridge along its slopes, intermittent canals with bridges are formed, a continuous water-retaining shaft is arranged along the ditches down the slope, and a drainage shaft is built in the upper part of the ravine, coupled with the water-retaining. At the intersections of the ditch micro-depressions and hollows, the shaft height is increased. 1 hp f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The invention relates to land reclamation, in particular to the development of contaminated land.

There is a known method of reclamation of contaminated lands, which consists in placing charges in the soil of the riparian strip and carrying out directed explosions.

The disadvantage of this method is significant environmental damage caused by the fauna of the ravines due to the fact that the process of flattening is fast and the birds nesting in the ravines and the animals living there (forest and common voles, gray hamsters, forest and field mice, forest dormice, shrews, hedgehogs, foxes, badgers, partridges, chases, tunes, oats, chicks, rooks, sparrows) especially during the period of hatching, not able to quickly leave their habitats and die under a layer of earth.

There is also a known method of flattening gullies, which consists in flattening the slopes of the gullies with a bulldozer, which cuts the soil from the slopes and places it on the bottom of the ravine, flattening it.

However, this method has the same disadvantages as the previous one.

There is a known method of flattening the ravines, which consists in filling the ravines with a trench method. The width of the trench (excavation) is equal to the width of the bulldozer shovel, between the trenches there is a strip of undisturbed soil, which is used to backfill the trench. In the peri-zone, an alternation of bands with a dense and loose soil is created. On the strip with a dense addition of soil, an increased slope is created, which is directed in the opposite direction from the ravine. In this way, absorption and dispersion of runoff occurs.

The purpose of the invention is the prevention of environmental damage by slowing down the tilling process.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the notches are formed in the form of intermittent ditches with a feather (L

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Mychkzmi, placing them behind the edge of the ravine along its slopes, while along the ditches down the slope arrange a continuous water-retaining shaft, and in the upper part of the ravine construct a drainage shaft, coupled with water-regulating. At the intersections of the ditch micro-depressions and hollows, the shaft height is increased. The troughs during the spring floods and the summer runoff of rainwater are filled with water, the latter ensuring the feeding of the underlying slope. Moisture seeps into the impermeable layer as a result of which there is a decrease in the holding forces due to the weakening of the adhesion of the soil, which occurs with an increase in the moisture content of the upper layer of the soil. A lubricant is formed, as it were, on the contact of more loose (upper) and water-resistant (lower) soils, due to which a gradual shift of the entire upper monolith occurs.

Due to the over-wetting of the slopes and the bottom of the ravine, unfavorable conditions are created for the ravine fauna. Birds and land animals stop breeding in such places. They leave the wetlands and settle in the surrounding area. This is the first reason for the preservation of the fauna due to the migration of its members to more convenient habitats. The second reason for their voluntary leaving the ravine is that, as you know, all animals have a sense of self-preservation, i.e. they in advance, in a few weeks, anticipate the approach of their imminent danger. In particular, they sense this from various environmental changes. In this invention, such a change is the gradual slipping of soil monoliths to the bottom of a ravine (soil fluctuations). Therefore, representatives of the ravine fauna, when danger approaches, leave their habitats.

The drawing schematically shows a method for smoothing out ravines.

The invention was tested on the territory of the collective farm Druzhba Talovsky district, Voronezh region.

Characteristic of the ravine which is being flattened: depth from 9 to 8 m width between the edges of slopes 25-30 m, length of the ravine 156 m. Local basis of the erosion of the ravine 10 m. The affected area is used for pastures and hayfields, soils are washed away, the humus horizon thickness is 20-30 cm Underlay rock loam, impermeable layer at a depth of 10 m.

In the autumn, in the month of October, along the ravine on both its sides, intermittent water absorbing ditches (notches) (Fig. 1), located 18–20 m from the ravine ravines, were made. The work was done with the help of an excavator EO-2621 A. Width

ditches 0.8–1.5 m, depth 1.7–1.8 m. The distance of the water absorbing ditches from the edges was determined depending on the width and depth of the ravine and must be at least half the width of the ravine in order to

monoliths filled all the ravine space.

During the construction of water absorbing ditches, excavated soil was laid in the form of

the shaft along the ditches from the side of the ravine and was compacted by the tractor tracks. The shaft contributes to a more complete interception of surface runoff and uniform filling of water-absorbing ditches. Shaft

performed continuously, with a variable height from the bottom to the top, to ensure uniform filling of the ditches when they cross micro-depressions and troughs. In order to more fully fill the ditches and prevent the erosion of the ditches themselves, earth bridges 1.5–2 m wide were left in them after 3-5 m. The distance between the bridges depends on the steepness of the longitudinal slope of the ditch, but it is necessary that the overhang of one end of the trench over the other (meaning the length of the ditch between the bridges) was 20-30 cm. To stop further growth of the ravine on the adjacent catchment area, measures were taken surface runoff regulation, that part of the runoff that was not regulated, was directed to the absorption ditches. To stop the erosion effect of runoff along the channel of the ravine in its upper part across the channel, the drainage shafts (Fig. 1) with a height of 0.8-1 m and a width were additionally carried out at the bottom of the ravine; 1.5-3 m, in the upper part 0.7-0.9 m.

In the spring, the drainage waters filled in the water-absorbing ditches and began to sip monoliths intended for tending, and drains of storm water contributed to this in the summer time.

By the end of the first season, a soil gap began to form. At the end of the second spring-summer season, the soil gap

The monolith was 25–70 cm, while the migration of fauna representatives from their habitats began to be observed (table). By the end of the fourth season, the soil monoliths had completely gone into the ravine, having flattened it. By now almost all

representatives of the ravine fauna, who inhabited it, left their habitats (table).

After sliding into the ravine of soil monoliths from the peri-zone, in their place remains the surface of the parent rock devoid of vegetation and humus layer, which is planned to be bulldozed and sown seeds of annual and perennial grasses, thus creating vegetative cover preventing the occurrence of erosion processes. If necessary, they fix the spreading ravine with forest cultures. Subsequently, you put the ravine can be used for pasture, for planting an orchard with tinned between the fields, or for the creation of a forested area.

Claims (2)

1. A method of flattening ravines, including the formation of grooves and moving soil into the ravine out of the peri-zone, characterized in that, in order to prevent environmental damage by slowing down the process of flattening, the grooves are formed in the form of intermittent ditches with bridges, placing them behind the edge of the ravine along its slopes, during this along the ditches down the slope, a continuous water-holding shaft is arranged, and in the upper part of the ravine a drainage shaft is built, conjugate with the water-retaining shaft. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the intersections of the ditches of micro-depressions and hollows the height of the shaft is increased. that ke Eva ear 70 70 70 70 70 70 90 70 70 100 100 100 100 100 100 too 100 100 100 70 Note. + - events are inevitable; . - the phenomenon is possible; - the phenomenon does not consist 1) 0 | 0 40 1.0 J | 0 1.0 70 0 cho 40 50 100 80 100 80 80 80 80 100 1.0