RU1771546C - Method for control of soil erosion on slopes - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: protection of arable land from leaching and erosion in arid regions on slopes cut with hollows. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A stock control forest band is created across the slope. Bundle it along the lower edge with a continuous earth shaft. Between the forest strip, slots with a horizontal bottom are cut across the slope to a depth equal to the depth of the deepest troughs, and they connect the troughs within the bunded forest strip. Slots within the troughs are filled with high permeability fillers. Between the hollows, the gaps are filled layer by layer with fillers with different water-physical properties: the lower layer is filled with high water permeability, the middle layer is filled with high capillary duty cycle, and the upper layer is filled with non-capillary duty cycle. 2 mt.

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture and agroforestry and can be used, for example, to protect arable land from erosion and erosion in arid regions on slopes cut with hollows.

A known method of damming gullies and hollows to delay surface runoff and translate it into subsoil, including the construction of a cascade of dams of erosive landforms. At the same time, the soil near the dams is locally moistened, which favorably affects the growth of woody, shrubby plants and agricultural crops.

There is also known a method of controlling soil erosion on slopes, including making trenches and filling them with waterlogging material of inorganic origin, for example slag.

Closest to the invention is a method of controlling soil erosion on slopes, including growing stock-regulating forest strips across the slopes, dipping them along the lower edge to retain surface runoff, and making intermittent ditches or crevices between them. The depth of the ditches and crevices is set below the depth of freezing of the soil. To reduce freezing of the bottom and walls of the ditch

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or gaps, they are filled with brushwood, straw, inorganic fillers.

The prototype is quite effective in spring snowfall, but ineffective in rainfall runoff, especially on hollow slopes. With intensive runoff under the canopy of a bunded forest strip, the troughs quickly fill with water, which overflows over the crest of the shaft, destroying it. The construction of higher shafts, which ensure a vigorous retention of runoff, is not economically and technically feasible since flooding of arable land located above the forest belt will occur. At the same time, ditches or crevices in the interlobular watersheds are rarely filled with surface runoff ducts and are used inefficiently.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of erosion control on the valley slopes by creating conditions for transferring surface runoff to the subsoil and improving the moisture supply of forest strips.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method of combating soil erosion on slopes, a gap and between rows dipped along the lower edge of a stock-regulating forest strip located across the slope, cut across the slope with a horizontal bottom depth equal to the depth of the deepest troughs, they have hollows within the bunded forest strip. In this case, the gaps within the troughs are filled with fillers with high water permeability, and between the troughs, the gaps are filled in layers with fillers with different water-physical properties, using fillers with high water permeability for the lower layer, and fillers with high capillary duty for the middle layer, and for the top, fillers with non-capillary duty cycle.

Fig. 1 depicts a stock-regulating forest belt bunded along the lower edge, located across the slope, with slots between the sides of the slope; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1.

The method is carried out as follows.

Across the erosive slope cut by the hollows, a stock-regulating forest strip 1 is created, for example, by forest planting machines. Bundle it around the lower edge, using, for example, a bulldozer that pours a continuous earth shaft 2, including on the hollows 3. Between forest strip 1 across

slots 4 are cut with a horizontal bottom 5 to a depth equal to the depth of the deepest troughs 3, connecting the troughs within the bunded forest

strip, for example, using a bucket wheel excavator. Slots 4 within the troughs 3 are filled with fillers 6 with high water permeability, for example, sorted crushed stone, and between the troughs, slots 4

0 are filled layer by layer with fillers with different water-physical properties, using fillers b with high water permeability for the lower layer, fillers 7 with high capillary duty cycle, for example loess, and for the upper layer, fillers 8 with non-capillary duty cycle, e.g. slag.

I r and me r. With the help of a bulldozer DZ-42, continuous earth was poured

0 a shaft, dipping a four-year-old pyridine stochoregulating forest band along the lower edge of the forest, located across the orozirovannope peaked by hollows, declined to the northwestern exposure. The length of the forest strip is 800 m, the width between the rows is 3 m, the height of the shaft is 0.8–1.0 m. Between the appeared forest strip, the TELLEX chain trencher on the wheel factor

On type 0 Belarus, slits with a horizontal bottom were cut across the slope to a depth equal to the depth of the most (deep lodges, connecting them with the troughs in the ancestors of the deforested forest floor.

The 5th experimental plot was 350 m, the depth of horizontal slits ranged from 0.05 m (at the bottom of the deepest hollow) to 2.5 m at the watersheds. The gaps within the lodges were filled with filler with high water permeability - sorted gravel, and between the hollows the gaps were filled layer by layer with fillers with different, water-physical properties: the lower layer - with sorted gravel, the middle layer with 5 loess - material with high capillary duty cycle, the upper mulching layer — slag — is a material with non-capillary duty cycle.

In the control section of the same banded forest belt, intermittent slots of 1.5 m deep b. Were cut using the prototype technology, filled with slag.

Observations of storm runoff showed that in the experimental section of the forest belt,

5 reinforced with slots according to the proposed method, breakthroughs of the earth's shaft along the lower edge but were detected. In the control plot (according to the prototype), up to four erosion of fat along the hollows was noted; at the same time, the gaps on the inter-valley watersheds were practically not filled with surface runoff waters, i.e., they were used inefficiently.

Studies of the dynamics of soil moisture by the thermo-weighing method to a depth of 1.5 m in the forest belt and the underlying field showed that one hundred in the area reinforced by sizing by the proposed method, the moisture supply in the soil of inter-shelf watersheds is 34-42% higher in the forest belt and in the underlying on the slope, the field is 15-17% than on the control (according to the prototype).

In winter, the hollows in the bunded forest belt are usually clogged with snow, which has an insulating effect on the bottom of the hollows and filled gaps. Within the inter-valley watersheds, the depth of the cracks (up to 2.5 m) significantly exceeded the depth of freezing of the soil in the forest belt (0.4-0.6 m). As a result of this, during winter thaws and spring snow, the runoff was successfully converted to subsoil without erosion of the earth's shaft.

 The technical and economic advantages of the proposed method in comparison with the prototype are as follows: the water-regulating effect is increased by 2–2.5 times due to the retention and transfer to the subsoil of a larger volume of surface runoff as a result of outflow of water through the slots and an increase in the area of its absorption into the soil; 50-70% savings on the repair of earth shafts by reducing the hydraulic load on the shafts, an economic effect is formed as a result of the overall durability of the forest

plantations on inter-valley watersheds, their better growth and, consequently, an increase in the range of ameliorative impact on adjacent agricultural land; The hydrological regime of the territory is improved due to the rational redistribution of rainfall water and the yield of agricultural crops is increased.

F o rmul and zo bret n and

A method of combating soil erosion on slopes, including the creation of stock-regulating forest strips across the slope, dipping them along the lower edge, sintering of the forest strips across the slope and filling the cracks with fillers, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of erosion control on trough slopes by creating conditions for converting surface runoff into subsoil and improving the moisture supply of forest strips, cracks are cut with a horizontal bottom depth equal to the depth of the deepest troughs,

by connecting the troughs within the bunded forest strip, the gaps and within the troughs are filled with fillers with high permeable gyu, and between the troughs the gaps are filled in layers with fillers with different visible-physical properties, using fillers with high permeability to the lower layer, for the middle layer - fillers with high cap-silo duty cycle, h for

top layer - fillers with non-capillary duty cycle.

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