RU204070U1 - WASTE RECOVERY DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a device for the disposal of industrial (rubber, oil sludge, solvents, printing waste, polymer waste), household (unsorted household waste), hazardous (medical waste, acid tars, industrial and consumer electronics) and many other industrial waste, which recycles such waste into an industrially applicable product - synthesis gas, the main areas of application of synthesis gas are the production of electrical and thermal energy, the production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, etc. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of disposal of organic, medical and other hazardous industrial waste to obtain high-quality synthesized gas that does not require additional measures for its separation and purification while maintaining small mass and size characteristics of the device. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for waste disposal contains a loading unit, a reactor and at least two blocks Microwave emitters installed along the outer perimeter of the reactor, between each unit of microwave emitters and the reactor, a superheater unit with a shielding jacket is introduced, made with the possibility of supplying steam to it, while the superheater unit contains porous ceramics with the ability to absorb microwave radiation.

Description

The technical solution refers to a device for the disposal of industrial (rubber, oil sludge, solvents, printing waste, polymer waste), household (unsorted household waste), hazardous (medical waste, acid tars, industrial and consumer electronics) and many other industrial waste, which recycles such waste into an industrially applicable product - synthesis gas, the main areas of application of synthesis gas are the production of electrical and thermal energy, the production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, etc.

An analogue of the principle of operation of the claimed device is a technical solution according to the patent RU 2697912, "METHOD FOR OBTAINING GENERATOR GAS FROM SOLID Municipal and Organic Wastes AND COMBINED GAS GENERATOR OF A REVERSED GASIFICATION PROCESS. No. 24. The group of inventions relates to the field of combustion and gasification and is intended to obtain a power generator gas for the production of electrical and thermal energy.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the mismatch of the waveguide path due to the constant change in the characteristics of the absorbing material.

An analogue of the claimed device is also a device for processing worn-out tires and / or rubber products, patent RU2361731, published: 20.07.2009 Bull. No. 20. A device for processing worn-out tires and / or rubber products contains at least one pyrolysis chamber, a conveyor, microwave emitters and an unloading device, one pyrolysis chamber, each pyrolysis chamber is made in the form of a body consisting of a cylindrical and a conical part connected to a gas outlet a bellows pipe communicated with a pipe for removing gaseous products, and at least four microwave radiators are installed in the middle of the height of the cylindrical part of each pyrolysis chamber from the outside evenly around the circumference, and on the conical part of each pyrolysis chamber, two nozzles are installed on the outside diametrically opposite for superheated steam supply, the central longitudinal axes of both nozzles of each pyrolysis chamber are located at an angle of 90 ° to the straight lines intersecting them, lying diametrically opposite on the outer lateral conical surface and passing through two points located on the outer circumferences of the upper and lower bases of the cone, pr and the conveyor belt is made of transverse links and is equipped with microwave closures in the form of segments, forming two concentrically arranged rings.

The main disadvantages of the known device are the complexity of sealing the working chamber and the complexity of shielding the working chamber, which can lead to leakage of microwave radiation.

The closest analogue of the claimed device is a MICROWAVE PLASMA GASIFICATOR OF BIOMASS WITH A FIXED LAYER AND A METHOD OF GASIFICATION, patent RU2588211, published 06/27/2016 Byull. No. 18, the invention relates to a fixed bed biomass gasifier based on microwave plasma and a method for gasification of biomass and solid waste into high quality synthesis gas. The fixed bed biomass gasifier based on microwave plasma contains a vertically positioned furnace body, a monitoring unit and a microwave plasma generating device, where the furnace body contains an inlet for material and fuel, an outlet for syngas, an inlet for oxygen / steam and an outlet for slag, where the furnace body contains a free zone in its upper part and a fixed bed zone in its lower part; the slag outlet is located in the lower part of the furnace body; the monitoring unit is located near the synthesis gas outlet; and at least one microwave plasma generating device is located on the oven body.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the use of a plasmatron in the design, which reduces the possibility of adjusting the technological process and significantly affects the cost of the device.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of utilization of organic, medical and other hazardous industrial waste to obtain high-quality synthesis gas that does not require additional measures for its separation and purification while maintaining small mass and size characteristics of the device.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a device for waste disposal containing a loading unit, a reactor and two units of microwave emitters installed along the outer perimeter of the reactor, according to the present utility model, a superheater unit with a shielding jacket is introduced between each unit of microwave emitters and the reactor, made with the possibility of supplying steam to it, while the superheater assembly contains porous ceramics with the ability to absorb microwave radiation.

And also by the fact that the heat-insulating jacket of the superheater unit is made of aluminum oxide.

And also by the fact that silicon carbide is used as a porous ceramic.

And also by the fact that the superheater unit is made of a combination of porous and dense ceramics.

And also by the fact that porous silicon carbide is used as a porous ceramic, and aluminum oxide is used as a dense ceramic.

The technical solution is illustrated by figure 1, which shows a schematic diagram of the inventive device.

The figure introduced the following designations:

1. download node;

2. reactor;

3. unit of microwave emitters;

4. superheater unit;

5. control unit;

6. refrigerator;

7. source of steam;

8. separator;

9.shielding shirt;

10. steam line for steam supply;

11. steam line for withdrawal of synthesis gas;

12. collection of dry residue;

13. branch pipe for gas sampling.

The device for waste disposal contains a loading unit 1, a reactor 2 and at least two units 3 of microwave emitters installed along the outer perimeter of the reactor 2, between each unit 3 of microwave emitters and the body of the reactor 2, a unit 4 of a superheater with a heat-insulating jacket is additionally introduced 9, made with the possibility of supplying steam to it through the steam line 10, while the superheater unit 4 is made of porous ceramics with the ability to absorb microwave radiation. The unit 4 of the superheater itself is placed in a shielding jacket 9, which can be made of aluminum oxide. The shielding jacket provides thermal insulation of the superheater unit 4, as well as the function of shielding the external environment from electromagnetic radiation entering the superheater unit 4 from the unit 3 of the microwave emitter.

Under the reactor 2, a collection of dry residue 12 is made from wastes that were not gasified and turned into ash residue.

Each unit 3 of the microwave emitter is a standard microwave source used for contactless heating of bodies, the main element of which are magnetrons. For effective operation of the device, two blocks of 3 microwave emitters are sufficient. Also, the device may contain a greater number of units 3 microwave emitters installed radially relative to the reactor, both at the same and at different levels and distances relative to each other (not shown in the figure). Obviously, an increase in the number of blocks 3 microwave emitters allows you to increase the integrated radiation power, reduce the disposal time or increase the amount of waste disposed of per unit time. However, the choice of the number of blocks does not qualitatively affect the conditions of the recycling process and the fundamental operation of the proposed device. The number of blocks 3 of microwave emitters can be determined, inter alia, by the area available to accommodate the waste disposal device, the amount of waste, on which the size of the reactor 2 can also depend, i.e. from the purposes and tasks of using the device (hospitals, large enterprises, etc., where the required amount of waste for disposal differs).

A superheater unit 4 is inserted between the body of the reactor 2 and each unit 3 of the microwave emitter. Porous silicon carbide-based ceramics can be used as microwave-absorbing ceramics. At the same time, to optimize the steam temperature in the superheater unit, it is advisable to use a combination of microwave-absorbing and microwave-transparent ceramics. Alumina-based ceramics can be used as microwave-transparent dense ceramics. Each unit 4 of the superheater is configured to supply steam to it from the steam generator 7 through the steam line 10.

The inventive device, i.e. its main units and blocks can be controlled by means of a single control unit 5. The place of installation of the control unit 5 is not critical, and a person skilled in the art will understand that the control unit 5 can be connected to all units and units both through wired electrical connections and through wireless connections, where possible. Also, the necessary instrumentation can be entered into the device - temperature sensors, pressure sensors and air gas analyzers. The use of these devices is obvious, therefore it is not the subject of a utility model. All of them are regulated by a single control unit 5, which is responsible for the automation of the process.

The device works as follows:

The recyclable material is placed in the loading unit 1, in the loading unit 1, if necessary, it can be crushed, for example, using a rotating auger with a variable diameter - a screw grinder (not shown in the figure, it can be done by standard means) and then the crushed waste is fed into reactor 2. Simultaneously with the supply of material to the reactor, steam is generated in the generator 7 and the units 3 of microwave emitters are started. Saturated steam from the generator 7 through the steam line 10 enters the unit 4 of the superheater, which contains porous ceramics with the ability to absorb microwave radiation. Simultaneously directed microwave radiation from the units 4 of microwave emitters falls inside the units 4 of the superheater, including the porous ceramics. In this case, the body of the unit 4 of the superheater is already filled with saturated steam, which passes through the pores of the ceramic and tends to the working area of the reactor. During the passage of saturated steam through porous ceramics, porous ceramics also absorbs microwave radiation, due to which it heats up and, due to secondary infrared radiation from the walls of porous ceramics, additionally overheats saturated steam. Thus, the steam is heated to temperatures of 1000-1150 degrees and enters the reactor 2. Further, the residual microwave radiation, which is generated by each unit 3 of the microwave emitter (residual radiation that has not turned into thermal energy in the superheater), additionally heats the material to be disposed of in reactor. The operating temperature in the reactor thus reaches 850-1050 degrees Celsius. As a result of the action of high-temperature steam, the so-called microwave steam thermolysis of the utilized waste occurs, ensuring the destruction of organic and biological materials, toxic compounds, pathogenic microorganisms, as a result of the ongoing oxidation and hydration reactions, the conversion of organic compounds into synthesis gas and ash residue occurs. The synthesis gas from the reactor enters the steam line 11 for the withdrawal of the synthesis gas, and the ash residue is settled in the dry residue collector 12.

From the steam line 11, the synthesis gas then enters the refrigerator 6, from where the synthesis gas then enters the separator 8, then it is cooled and purified for further use. If necessary, synthesis gas can be discharged through the gas outlet 13 and used for further production of electrical and thermal energy, production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, etc. Also, synthesis gas enters generator 7, ensuring its operation and, accordingly, the operation of the device for disposal, ensuring its autonomy.

Thus, the device makes it possible to implement the process of microwave thermolysis, which ensures the clean processing of raw materials (waste) without the formation of resins, dioxins, aerosols with complete extraction of all carbon from the material processed in the reactor. The microwave steam thermolysis process utilizes 100% of the processed materials.

Product microwave steam thermolysis is a high-calorie "syngas" (H ₂ + CO) and the neutral solid residue (slag).

Synthesis gas and slag from microwave steam thermolysis of waste are of commercial value. The gas can be used as an energy source in Otto-type electric generators, or it can be used as a feedstock for the production of high-octane hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch method.

Ash residue can be used as filler in building mixes, asphalt.

The claimed device does not require large premises, it can be placed and integrated into the existing infrastructure of cities and residential areas, it can be scaled to different dimensions, depending on the number and the required disposal rate. Scaled both in terms of size and in terms of the number of microwave emitters, as mentioned above.

The cost of installing a modular unit, operation, maintenance and repair is cheaper than any modern system for recycling household plastics.

The test results indicate that when using the technology of microwave steam thermolysis, the amount of toxic emissions into the atmosphere and in the form of solid ash residue is significantly lower than the existing standards of Russia and Europe.

The laboratory tests carried out show that for the processing of 1 kilogram of medical waste (cellulose, plastic, biological fluids), 1 kW of electricity will be required to obtain synthesis gas in the amount of 1.1 - 1.4 m ³ from one kilogram of waste. In the process of work, the following chemical reaction occurs:

- cellulose:

С ₆ Н ₁₀ О ₅ + heat + Н ₂ O ⇒ СН ₄ + 2СО + 3Н ₂ O + 3С ⇒ nCO + mH ₂

- polyethylene:

CH ₂ -CH ₂ -] n + Н ₂ O + heat ⇒ х СН ₄ + у Н ₂ + zCO ⇒ nCO

The combustion of synthesis gas produces heat:

CO + 1 / 2O ₂ = CO ₂ , ΔH = - 67.63 kcal.

H ₂ + 1 / 2O ₂ = H ₂ O, ΔH = - 57.82 kcal.

with a total energy of H = 125.45 kcal per gram - mole. This corresponds to 2800 kcal / m, which is equivalent to 3.2 kW of electricity. That is, as a result of pyrolysis of 1 kg of polymer waste, an energy carrier of 3.59-4.56 kW is formed in terms of electricity. When using the synthesis gas generated in the process of processing to power the microwave steam thermolysis unit and taking into account the efficiency of the Otto gas generator at the level of 29-36%, a positive energy balance is ensured, which allows the microwave steam thermolysis unit to be powered by the generated synthesis gas.

Accordingly, to ensure the capacity of the installation of about 200 tons of waste per year, an installation with a capacity of 40 kW will be required.

The process of microwave heating and steam thermolysis is not sensitive to humidity and composition of waste, which does not require their preliminary exposure or preparation, as well as sorting. The absence of gaseous nitrogen and oxygen in the air in the reactor eliminates the problem of nitrogen oxides formation. Provides high quality of the obtained synthesis gas and does not require additional measures for its separation and purification.

The use of microwave steam thermolysis leads to a high degree of conversion of hazardous waste (regardless of their composition) into the target product, synthesis gas. At a steam reforming temperature of more than 900 degrees and additional microwave heating, chemical reactions of the conversion of organic compounds into synthesis gas take place with full conversion. The conversion of carbon to synthesis gas depends only on the kinetics of the process.

The installation based on microwave steam utilization is characterized by high productivity, low weight and dimensions (4-6 times compared to the best analogs). This equipment can be made both in stationary and in mobile versions (on automobile, sea, and railway), which allows for the disposal of waste (plastics, organic waste, packaging) in places of their accumulation: residential areas, hospitals, etc.

The introduction of a superheater into the design of the units, which is based on porous ceramics with the ability to absorb microwave radiation, between each microwave radiation source and the reactor makes it possible to significantly increase the operating temperature in the reactor and effectively utilize waste.

As an object for processing using microwave heating, various wastes can be offered, such as car tires, oil sludge, pesticides, electronic components (motherboards, plastic cases), industrial rubber goods and many other hazardous waste.

The aforementioned advantages and advantages of the waste disposal device make it possible to implement the process of microwave steam thermolysis and to cope with the disadvantages of other known processes. The modular system provides the possibility of installing the unit in a wide range of generated power from 4 to 200 kW with the possibility of subsequent modification and modernization. At the same time, the synthesis gas obtained in the process of microwave steam thermolysis is reused for a steam generator as an energy source, ensuring the autonomy of the proposed device, which is attractive from the point of view of the absence of the need to connect the installation to existing power grids.

Claims (5)

1. A device for waste disposal, containing a loading unit, a reactor and two units of microwave emitters installed along the outer perimeter of the reactor, characterized in that between each unit of microwave emitters and the reactor, a superheater unit with a shielding jacket is introduced, made with the possibility of feeding it steam, while the superheater assembly contains porous ceramics with the ability to absorb microwave radiation. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shielding jacket of the superheater unit is made of aluminum oxide. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that silicon carbide is used as the porous ceramic. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the superheater assembly is made of a combination of porous and dense ceramics. 5. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that porous silicon carbide is used as the porous ceramic, and aluminum oxide is used as the dense ceramic.

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