RU2729301C1 - Domestic waste recycler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste processing and disposal.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to recycling wastes based on high-temperature pyrolysis of raw material from non-ground solid wastes to produce combustible gases and can be used for recycling solid and liquid domestic wastes. At the same time higher environmental friendliness of household waste due to high-temperature combustion and deep processing. Disclosed is a household waste heat exchanger, comprising a loading container and a pyrolysis chamber (PC), connected by an outlet with a pyrolysis product processing system, wherein pyrolysis chamber housing is made of heat-resistant material, and inside the housing there is a plasma burner of domestic wastes (DW), characterized in that the loading container is made in the form of a hopper for DW, connected through a screw feed and milling mechanism DW to the inlet of the pyrolysis chamber, DW plasma burner comprises at least four hydrogen burners installed in side walls of the chamber housing, focused with torches in the center of its inner cavity and connected at the inlet through the hydrogen proportioner to the output of the hydrogen generator, pyrolysis products processing system comprises serially connected kinetic energy converter (KEC) of pyrolysis plasma into electric energy, separator of pyrolysis products (PPS) into constituent gases and converter of separated gases (SGC) into useful products, wherein PC and KEC are installed in tight casing filled with high-temperature cooling liquid and equipped with connection pipes for connection with external heat exchanger.EFFECT: invention allows to reduce DW recycling time with simultaneous improvement of DW processing quality into useful products, heat and electric energy.9 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The field of technology. The invention relates to household waste utilizers based on high-temperature pyrolysis of raw materials from non-crushed solid waste with the production of combustible gases and can be used for disposal of solid and liquid household waste.

State of the art. A known method of utilization of household waste (BW) based on the pyrolysis of liquid hydrocarbons in tube furnaces / RU 2497930 /. A high-temperature coolant flow is generated by burning a stoichiometric fuel-oxygen mixture in the combustion chamber. Gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon feedstock, pre-mixed with steam, is injected into the mixing zone.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to supply the fuel-oxygen mixture, which limits the application of the invention.

Known utilizer of household waste / RU 2524110 / containing a loading container, a pyrolysis chamber and heating elements connected to a power source and providing separation into locally heated cells.

The disadvantage of the utilizer / RU 2524110 / is the low pyrolysis temperature, which leads to incomplete and insufficient quality processing of the utilized raw material.

The closest to the essence of the invention is a household waste disposer / RU 2684878, 04/15/2019 / containing a loading container 1 and a pyrolysis chamber (PC) 2, connected at the outlet with a system 3 for processing pyrolysis products, and the body of the pyrolysis chamber 2 is made of heat-resistant material, and a plasma incinerator 4 for household waste (BW) is installed inside the body.

In this case, the BO plasma burner is made in the form of an electric arc heater installed in the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber, and the loading container is in the form of a movable hemisphere with the possibility of periodic loading and supply of BO to the pyrolysis chamber from its lower side during the BW combustion.

The disadvantage of the utilizer / RU 2684878 / is the insufficient utilization capacity associated with the periodic supply of BW to the pyrolysis chamber and the lowered temperature of BW combustion in the pyrolysis chamber.

Formulation of the problem. The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity of the utilizer, and the technical result that ensures the solution of this problem is to reduce the utilization time with a simultaneous increase in the quality of BW processing.

The essence of the invention.

Achievement of the claimed technical result and solution of the task is ensured by the fact that the utilizer of household waste (BW) contains a loading tank and a pyrolysis chamber (PC) connected at the outlet with a system for processing pyrolysis products. In this case, the body of the pyrolysis chamber is made of heat-resistant material, and a plasma incinerator (PS) of household waste (BW) is installed inside the body.

New in the utilizer is:

- Implementation of the loading container in the form of a bunker for BO, connected through a screw mechanism for feeding and grinding BO with the inlet of the pyrolysis chamber.

- Implementation of the BO plasma burner in the form of a block of hydrogen burners installed in the side walls of the pyrolysis chamber (PC) casing, focused by torches into the center of its internal cavity and connected at the inlet through appropriate dispensers to the outlet of the hydrogen generator.

- Implementation of a system for processing pyrolysis products in the form of a block of series-connected converters of kinetic energy (PKE) of pyrolysis plasma into electrical energy, a separator of pyrolysis products (RPP) into constituent gases and a separated gases converter (PRG) into useful products.

- Installation of a pyrolysis chamber (PC) and a PKE converter in a sealed casing filled with a high-temperature cooling liquid and equipped with branch pipes for connection to an external heat exchanger.

Proof of achieving the declared technical result and solving the problem.

Implementation of the loading container in the form of a bunker for BW, connected through a screw mechanism for feeding and grinding BW to the entrance of the pyrolysis chamber, in contrast to the prototype / RU 2684878 /, provides a continuous supply of BW to the pyrolysis chamber and, thereby, accelerates the process of BW utilization.

Implementation of a plasma BO burner in the form of a block of hydrogen burners installed in the side walls of the pyrolysis chamber (PC) body, focused by torches to the center of its internal cavity and connected at the inlet through appropriate dispensers with the outlet of a hydrogen generator allows increasing the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber to the sublimation temperature of the BO and converting them directly into plasma bypassing the liquid and gaseous state of the BO.

The implementation of the pyrolysis products processing system in the form of a block of sequentially connected PCE, RPP and PRG allows sequentially in time to extract electrical energy from plasma pyrolysis products, filter useful gases from the pyrolysis plasma and synthesize useful products from filtered gases.

Installation of PC and PQE in a sealed casing filled with a high-temperature coolant and equipped with branch pipes for connection to an external heat exchanger, allow additional extraction of heat recovery energy for heating and hot water supply systems.

On the whole, the indicated technical advantages of the proposed utilizer make it possible to reduce the time of BW utilization with a simultaneous increase in the quality of BW processing into useful products, heat and electric energy.

As a result, the solution to the task of increasing the productivity of the heat exchanger with a simultaneous increase in its efficiency is provided.

Link to drawings. FIG. 1 shows the design of the proposed utilizer of household waste (BW). FIG. 2 is an example of the design of a combined type hydrogen generator based on resonant electrolytic decomposition of water. FIG. 3 is a figure explaining the design of a plasma kinetic energy converter (PEC) into electrical energy based on a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) conduction-type generator. FIG. 4 is a cross-section of a conduction MHD generator along the line A-A (Fig. 3). FIG. 5 is a figure explaining the design of a plasma kinetic energy converter (PCE) into electrical energy based on MHD - an induction-type generator. FIG. 6 - table of molecular sizes of the main pyrolysis gases of BO, explaining the principle of membrane filtration and separation of pyrolysis gases into their components. FIG. 7 is a functional diagram of a separator of pyrolysis products (RPP) into constituent gases based on membrane filtration. FIG. 8 - - table of temperature characteristics of pyrolysis gases BO, explaining the principle of temperature separation of pyrolysis gases into liquid components. FIG. 9 is a figure explaining the design of a cryogenic RPP based on adiabatic cooling of pyrolysis gases to a liquid state and their sequential separation into liquid fractions. FIG. 10 is a functional diagram of a separated gases converter (PRG) into useful products based on rational mixing of separated pyrolysis gases. FIG. 11 is a drawing explaining the design of a high-temperature cooler PK and PKE based on combined heat exchange of liquid lithium and water for heating and hot water supply systems.

FIG. 1-11 positions indicate:

1 - loading capacity (bunker) of household waste (BW);

2 - pyrolysis chamber (PC);

3 - oxidizer dispenser (oxygen and / or air);

4 - system for processing pyrolysis products;

5 - mechanism for feeding and grinding BO;

5.1 - drive mechanism 5;

6 - hydrogen burner;

7 - hydrogen fuel dispenser;

8 - hydrogen generator;

8.1 - hydrogen generator housing;

8. 2 - clutch for connecting the hydrogen outlet to burners 6 PC 2;

8.3-oxygen outlet branch pipe;

8.4-branch pipe for supplying water supply;

8.5 - waveguide for supplying pulses of electromagnetic radiation (EMP);

8.6 - focusing lens;

8.7, 8.8 - positive and negative electrodes of Brown's electric separator for hydrogen and oxygen, respectively;

8.9, 8.10 - the first and second conductive grids for 8.7, 8.8 electrodes, respectively;

8.11, 8.12 - zone of accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen, respectively;

8.13 - dividing partition of zones 8.11, 8.12;

8.14 - EMR focusing area;

8.15 - controlled EMP generator;

9 -converter of kinetic energy (PKE) of pyrolysis plasma into electrical energy;

9.1 - magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) conduction-type generator;

9.1.1 - nozzle of the conduction generator 9.1;

9.1.2, 9.1.3 - positive and negative current-collecting electrodes, respectively;

9.1.4, 9.1.5 - the first and second magnets;

9.1.6 - current-collecting electrical circuit of the load;

9.2 - MHD - induction type generator;

9.2.1 - induction generator nozzle 9.2;

9.2.2 - current-collecting winding of the generator 9.2;

10 - separator of pyrolysis products (RPP) into constituent gases;

10.1- pyrolysis gas diaphragm separator;

10.1.1 - separator compressor block 10.1;

10.1.2 - block of membrane filters (MB) separator 10.1;

10.2- cryogenic separator of pyrolysis gases;

10.2.1 - separator compressor 10.2;

10.2.2 - cryogenic installation;

10.2.2.1 - adiabatic cooler of pyrolysis gases;

11 - converter of separated gases (PRG) into useful products;

11.1 - PRG control unit;

11.2 - gas dispenser;

11.3 - mixer;

12 - high-temperature cooler PK 2 and PKE 9;

12.1 - lithium;

12.2 - coil;

12.3, 12.4 - input and output couplings for connecting a heat exchanger of the heating and hot water supply system;

13 - utilizer control unit;

14- sludge discharge valve;

15 - smoke exhauster;

16 - chimney.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention.

As shown in FIG. 1 - fig. 11, the utilizer of household waste contains a loading container 1, made in the form of a bunker for household waste (BW), connected through a screw mechanism 5 for feeding and grinding BW to the entrance of the pyrolysis chamber (PC) 2. The mechanism 5 is connected through a drive 5.1 to the control output of the control unit 13 utilizer (not shown in the figures). PC 2 case is made of heat-resistant material. A plasma burner BO is installed inside the PC 2 housing, which includes at least four hydrogen burners 6 to create a total temperature in the center of chamber 2 of at least 6000 ° C, close to the temperature on the solar surface. Burners 6 are installed in the side walls of the PC body 2 and are focused by torches into the center of the inner cavity of the chamber 2. The inlets of the burners 6 are connected through the hydrogen meter 7 to the outlet of the hydrogen generator 8.

The hydrogen generator 8 for the proposed waste heat exchanger can be made in the form of an electrolytic, chemical, solid-state, electromagnetic or electric-arc splitter of water into hydrogen and oxygen / RU 2596605 / or based on their combination.

According to / RU 2596605 / the electrolytic water splitter contains a water tank with an acidic or alkaline catalyst. The container in the upper part is divided by a vertical partition into two sectors. In the lower part of the sectors, different polarity electrodes are installed, and in the upper part there are nozzles for the output of separated gases of the corresponding polarity. The positive electrode has hydrogen and the negative electrode has oxygen.

A chemical water splitter can be made in the form of a replaceable disposable hydrogen generator containing a cylinder with a coupling for connecting a hydrogen burner 6. Inside the cylinder there is a capsule with an active substance for water, connected through a solenoid valve and a dispenser with the cylinder cavity filled with water. A mixture of 95% aluminum powder and 5% gallium was used as an active substance for water. Instead of gallium, which removes the oxide film from aluminum and initiates an exothermic chemical reaction of aluminum with water and the evolution of hydrogen at normal initial temperature, caustic soda, widespread in everyday life, can be used with an increased percentage of gallium in a mixture with aluminum.

A solid-state water splitter can be made in the form of a solid-state filter with microchannels made of materials that bind the oxygen of water and transmit hydrogen, and rare earth materials, such as spongy neodymium, or carbon materials with substitutions in their "nanotubes" of carbon atoms for nitrogen atoms are used as bonding materials ...

An electromagnetic water splitter can be made in the form of a flowing electromagnetic resonator for water, with dimensions that are multiples of the wavelength of resonant absorption of electromagnetic waves by water and loaded on a magnetron of the corresponding frequency, for example, with a wavelength (0.1-0.5 mm) enhanced absorption of radio waves by water or with long wave household microwave oven.

The electric arc water splitter for the proposed heat exchanger may contain a water evaporator installed in the body of the electric arc heater and connected at the inlet with a water source, and at the outlet with a hydrogen burner connection sleeve 6.

The specific type of hydrogen generator 8 used in the claimed heat exchanger depends on the required performance of the heat exchanger, and, accordingly, the required volume of hydrogen consumption by the burners 6 of the pyrolysis chamber (PC) 2.

In addition, in order to save the working substance and increase the explosion safety of the utilizer, it is advisable to provide the possibility of operational control of the volume of generated hydrogen without its preliminary accumulation in explosive volumes. This possibility appears when using a hydrogen generator 8 of the combined type (Fig. 2) based on the resonant electrolytic decomposition of water and the electrical separation of Brown's gas into hydrogen and oxygen.

As shown in FIG. 2 combined hydrogen generator 8 contains a sealed case 8.1-generator. In the upper part of the body 8.1 there is a branch pipe 8.3 for the oxygen outlet and a branch pipe with a quick-release coupling 8.2 for a separate hydrogen outlet. On one of the lateral sides of the lower part of the housing 8.1, there is a branch pipe 8.4 for supplying water to the cavity of the housing 8.1, and on the other - a waveguide 8.5 for supplying electromagnetic pulses (EMP) from a microwave generator 8.15 of short EMP with the above resonant wavelength. To control the volume (l / min) of hydrogen production at the output coupling 8.2, the 8.15 EMP generator is made in the form of a magnetron with the above resonant frequency of decomposition of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen components and connected through a pulse modulator (not shown in the figures) with the control output of unit 13 control by the repetition rate of modulating pulses. To exclude the access of water to the microwave - waveguide 8.5, a lens 8.6 is installed at its output end, which focuses electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in an aqueous medium, the lower part of the cavity of the housing 8.1 of the generator 8. In the upper part of the housing 81, its cavity is divided by a partition 8.13 into two zones 8.11 , 8.12 for the accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. In zones 8.11 and 8.12, the first 8.9 and the second 8.10 conductive grids are installed. Grids 8.9 and 8.10 are connected to the corresponding oppositely polarized electrodes 8.7, 8.8 of an external voltage source for separating the Brown gas formed by EMP in water into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen outlet of the generator 8 is connected through the coupling 8.2 and the hydrogen dispenser 7 is connected to the inputs of the burners 2 of the pyrolysis chamber (PC) 2, and the oxygen outlet is connected through the branch pipe 8.3 and the oxidizer dispenser 3 with the PC 2 cavity for oxidizing the hydrogen fuel.

The open end of PC 2 is connected to the system 4 for processing pyrolysis products. The system 4 for processing pyrolysis products contains a series-connected converter 9 of kinetic energy (PKE) of pyrolysis plasma into electrical energy, a separator 10 of pyrolysis products (RPP) into constituent gases and a converter 11 of separated gases (PRG) into useful products.

Converter 9 (Fig. 1) kinetic energy (PKE) of pyrolysis plasma into electrical energy is made in the form of conduction 9.1 (Fig. 3 - Fig. 4) or induction 9.2 (Fig. 5) magnetic hydrodynamic (MHD) generator.

Conduction MHD - generator 9.1 PKE 9 contains a nozzle 9.1.1 Fishing for a conduction generator 9.1. On the inner side of the nozzle 9.1.1, on two opposite sides (upper and lower), current-collecting flat electrodes 9.1.2 and 9.1.3 are installed, respectively, connected to each other through a circuit 9.16 with the payload Rn of the heat exchanger. On the lateral sides of the nozzle 9.1.1 (Fig. 4), the first 9.1.4 and the second 9.1.5 magnets are installed, forming in the cavity of the nozzle 9.1.1 a magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the electric field located between the electrodes 9.1.2 and 9.1.3. Induction MHD - generator 9.2 PKE 9 contains a nozzle 9.2.1 and a current-collecting winding 9.2.2.

The advantage of the induction 9.2 MHD - generator PKE 9 over the conduction 9.1 is increased durability due to the absence of electro-corrosive current-collecting electrodes, and the disadvantage is the reduced efficiency of direct conversion of the energy of the moving plasma into electrical energy.

To exclude overheating of the heat exchanger by high-temperature pyrolysis plasma, as well as for the useful utilization of their heat, the pyrolysis chamber (PC) 2 and the PKE 9 converter are installed in a sealed casing filled with a high-temperature cooling liquid, for example, lithium, and equipped with pipes for connection to an external heat exchanger. The thus formed high-temperature cooler 12 allows, on the one hand, to utilize the previously lost heat of the hydrogen burners 6 for the external heating system and hot water supply and, on the other hand, increases the operating time of the hydrogen burners 6, eliminating their overheating and reflow. As shown in FIG. 11, the cooler 12 contains a sealed housing, covering the PK 2 and the PKE 9 and filled with high-temperature lithium 12.1, which is in a liquid state when the burners are on. 6. A coil 12.2 is installed inside the cooler 12 for cooling liquid lithium. The ends of the coil 12.2 are equipped with couplings 12.3, 12.4 for connecting a heat exchanger of the heating and hot water supply system (not shown in the figures). To increase the rate of heat removal and utilization, the cooler 12 can be equipped with additional pipes for the forced circulation of liquid lithium 12.1 through an additional heat exchanger.

The output of the PCE 9 for the solidified components of the pyrolysis plasma, as a result of the extraction of electrical energy, through a centrifugal separator (not shown in the figures) and the valve 14 for the output of solidified sludge is connected to the accumulator of building materials, and on the cooled gaseous components through the centrifugal separator - to the gas inlet of the separator 10 pyrolysis products (RPP) into constituent gases.

RPP 10 of the waste heat exchanger can be made in the form of a membrane 10.1 (Fig. 7) or cryogenic 10.2 (Fig. 9) separator of pyrolysis gases. To separate the pyrolysis particles of BO (silicon, carbon, metal) from gases, which solidify at the outlet of the PCE 9 when the plasma is cooled, centrifugal separators are installed at the inlet of separators 10.1 and 10.2 (not shown in the figures). These separators are connected by solid separation products through the outlet valve 4 (Fig. 1) of the sludge to the storage for solid construction waste, and by gaseous separation products - to the inputs of the said separators 10.1 and 10.2

The membrane separator 10.1 (Fig. 7) of pyrolysis gases RPP 10 is based on the use of differences in molecular sizes of the constituent pyrolysis gases (Fig. 6) and contains a series-connected block of compressors 10.1.1 of inlet gases and a block of membrane filters (MB) 10.1.2.

Cryogenic separator 10.2 (Fig. 9) of pyrolysis gases RPP 10 is based on the use of differences in the liquefaction temperature of the constituent pyrolysis gases (Fig. 8) and contains a series-connected compressor 10.2.1 of inlet gases and a cryogenic unit 10.2.2, which includes a block in series installed along the line cooling adiabatic coolers 10.2.2.1 pyrolysis gases. The liquid outlets of the coolers 10.2.2.1 are connected to the corresponding pipe outlets of the RPP 10 (not shown in the figures).

The outputs of the RPP 10 for the separated components of the pyrolysis gas are connected to the corresponding pipe inputs of the separated gases converter (PRG) 11 into useful products. The PRG 11 converter is based on the use of the effect of mutual diffusion of molecules of simple gases and the formation (synthesis) of complex molecular formations at certain percentage ratios between the constituents of gases and, in the simplest case, contains a block of useful products synthesizers. Each synthesizer contains a multi-input mixer 11.3, connected at the input through controlled gas dispensers 11.2 with the input pipelines of the PRG 11, and at the output of the synthesis gas - with the outlet pipelines of the RPP 11. The number of mixer inputs 11.3 is determined by the number of components included in the synthesized useful product. The control inputs of the dispensers 11.2 installed at the inputs of the mixer 11.3 are connected to the corresponding outputs of the unit 11.1 for controlling the synthesis of pyrolysis products.

The control inputs of the 11.1 RPP 11 unit, the hydrogen generator 8, as well as other actuators and dispensers of the loading, pyrolysis and pyrolysis gas processing systems are connected to the control outputs of the utilizer control unit 13. Utilizer control unit 13 is made in the form of an industrial electronic computer equipped with analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters and built-in hardware and software for managing household waste disposal (not shown in the figures).

The output of the system 4 for processing pyrolysis products for useful synthesized products is connected to the corresponding storage tanks for commercial products, through the solid sludge - through the outlet valve 14 with a system for processing sludge into building materials, and through unused gas waste through the smoke exhauster 15 - with the chimney 16.

Recyclers work.

The utilizer of household waste works as follows. Before starting the utilizer, the hopper 1 is loaded with household waste. Next, the "Start" button is pressed on the control unit 13, and the unit 13, according to a predetermined program stored in its memory, issues control commands and, through the corresponding signal sensors (not shown in the figures), controls their execution.

This turns on the hydrogen generator 8. After the hydrogen generator 8 enters the operating mode, unit 13 opens the dispensers 3 and 7 of fuel (hydrogen) and oxidizer (atmospheric air or oxygen), in the required proportion to ignite burners 6 in the pyrolysis chamber (PC) 2. When the temperature in the center of PC 2 reaches the order of 6000 ° C, the inlet damper PC 2 (not shown in the figures) opens and the drive 5.1 of the screw mechanism 5 for feeding and grinding BO is turned on. The rotation of the screw mechanism 5 leads to the capture of BW from the hopper 1, its grinding and pressing of the crushed BO into the high-temperature zone of the PC 2. Under the influence of a temperature of 6000 ° C, solid BO is sublimated (paper, plastic, toilet, organic and medical waste, impurities of silicon, carbon and metals) bypassing the liquid and gaseous phase and the formation of an increased pressure plasma containing a mixture of electrons and ions (figure 3). The generated high-speed pyrolysis plasma through the open end of the PC 2 is ejected in the form of a jet into the cavity of the plasma kinetic energy converter (PKE) 9 to generate electrical energy. The method of extracting electrical energy from pyrolysis plasma depends on the design type of the PKE 9.

When performing PKE 9 in the form of a conductive MHD generator 9.1 (Fig. 3), under the action of a magnetic field between magnets 9.1.4 and 9.1.5, negatively charged plasma particles due to the Lorentz effect are deposited on the plate electrode 9.1.1, and positive ones - on the electrode 9.1.2. As a result, an electrical potential difference is formed between the electrodes 9.1.1 and 9.1.2, which is accumulated in the corresponding storage device of the heat exchanger's electrical energy (not shown in the figures) and is used through the circuit 9.1.6 for additional power supply of the internal and / or external electrical equipment of the heat exchanger.

When the PKE 9 is performed in the form of an induction MHD generator 9.1, the flow of electric charges flowing through the nozzle 9.2.1 due to the effect of mutual induction induces an electric voltage in the winding 9.2.2, which is removed from the corresponding terminals of the indicated winding and is transferred to the above-mentioned storage of electricity.

When the plasma passes through the indicated MHD generators PKE 9, part of the kinetic energy of the pyrolysis plasma is taken and, as a consequence, it is cooled. Cooling leads to a decrease in the plasma temperature and its transition to a gaseous state with powdered impurities of silicon, carbon and metals.

The gas flow from the outlet of the PKE 9 is separated by a centrifugal separator. In this case, the solid products of separation through the valve 4 (Fig. 1) enter the accumulator of building materials, and the gaseous - for further processing - to the gas inlet of the separator 10 of pyrolysis products (RPP) into constituent gases. When performing RPP 10 on the basis of membrane separation of pyrolysis gases (Fig. 7), the incoming flow of a mixture of pyrolysis gases passes through the compressor block 10.1.1 and is supplied under appropriate pressure to the parallel membrane (MB) filters of block 10.1.2 with different flow cross sections of their nanotubes. In this case, due to the difference in molecular sizes (Fig. 6) of the constituent pyrolysis gases, they are separated and taken out into the corresponding outlet pipelines of the RPP 10.

When performing RPP 10 on the basis of cryogenic separation of pyrolysis gases (Fig. 9), the flow of a mixture of pyrolysis gases with PCE 9 passes the compressor 10.2.1 and is supplied under pressure to the adiabatic 10.2.3 coolers of the cryogenic installation 10.2.2 installed in series. Under the action of sequential cooling, the liquefied gases are separated due to the difference in their boiling temperatures (Fig. 8) and the liquefied gases are removed into the corresponding outlet pipelines of the RPP 10.

Further, the gases separated in RPP 10 are fed to the separated gases converter (PRG) 11 into useful products. Composite gases are fed through separate pipelines with corresponding proportioners 11.2 to multi-port mixers 11.3. In mixer 11.3, the constituent gases are mixed in a suitable for the synthesis of a complex molecular product and are discharged through the outlet of the mixer 11.3 into the corresponding outlet pipelines of the PRG 11. Thus, when mixing in a two-way mixer 11.3 of hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 75% and 25%, a useful product is formed - distilled water 100%. Synthesis of other useful products from utilized household waste is carried out in a similar way.

Industrial applicability.

The invention was developed at the level of technical design and mathematical modeling of the process of utilization of household waste. The use of the proposed utilizer makes it possible to reduce the time of BW utilization with a simultaneous increase in the quality of BW processing into useful products, heat and electrical energy. At the same time, the environmental friendliness of the process of utilizing household waste is increased due to high-temperature incineration and deep processing, leading to a decrease in toxicity and the amount of flue gases emitted into the environment. Due to the increased environmental friendliness of the application, the invention can be used to solve the problems of removal and storage of waste by placing utilizers in the immediate vicinity of municipal sources of household waste and landfills.

Claims (9)

1. Utilizer of household waste, containing a loading container and a pyrolysis chamber (PC), connected at the outlet with a system for processing pyrolysis products, and the body of the pyrolysis chamber is made of heat-resistant material, and a plasma incinerator of domestic waste (BW) is installed inside the body, characterized in that the loading tank is made in the form of a bunker for BO, connected through a screw mechanism for feeding and grinding BO with the entrance of the pyrolysis chamber, the BO plasma burner contains at least four hydrogen burners installed in the side walls of the chamber body, focused by torches into the center of its internal cavity and connected at the entrance through a hydrogen dispenser with the outlet of a hydrogen generator, the system for processing pyrolysis products contains a series-connected converter of kinetic energy (PKE) of pyrolysis plasma into electrical energy, a separator of pyrolysis products (RPP) into constituent gases and a converter of separated gases (PRG) into useful products, and PC andPKE are installed in a sealed casing filled with high-temperature coolant and equipped with branch pipes for connection to an external heat exchanger. 2. Utilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen generator is made in the form of an electrolytic, chemical, solid-state, electromagnetic or electric-arc water catalyst. 3. Utilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that the chemical water catalyst is made in the form of a replaceable disposable hydrogen generator containing a water bottle, inside of which a capsule with a thermochemical catalyst is installed, connected through a solenoid valve and a dispenser with the balloon cavity. 4. Utilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that the solid-state water catalyst is made in the form of a solid-state filter with microchannels made of materials that bind water oxygen and pass through hydrogen, and as binding materials used are rare earth materials, such as spongy neodymium, or carbon materials with substitutions in their "nanotubes" of carbon atoms into nitrogen atoms. 5. Utilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that the electric arc water catalyst contains a water evaporator installed in the electric arc heater housing and connected at the inlet with a water source, and at the outlet with a hydrogen burner coupling. 6. Utilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter of kinetic energy (PKE) of pyrolysis plasma into electrical energy is made in the form of an induction or conduction MHD generator. 7. Utilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the separator of pyrolysis products (RPP) into constituent gases is made in the form of a membrane filter unit or in the form of a cryogenic unit. 8. Utilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter of separated gases into useful products is made in the form of a block of synthesizers of constituent gases. 9. Utilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that lithium is used as the high-temperature coolant.

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